Physio SI: Chemistry of Physiology

Nucleotides are monomers of nucleic acids and are found in human DNA/RNA strands. What are the 3 components that make up a nucleotide?

5- Carbon Sugar, Phosphate Group, Nitrogenous Base

Purines

Adenine and Guanine

what are the levels organization in physiology?

Atoms > molecule >tissue >organ >body systems > Total body

True or False: Human blood has a pH around 7.4, making it slightly acidic

False: Human blood is about 7.4pH, which would make it slightly BASIC

What chemical particle is involved in forming bonds? Where is it found?

Valance Electrons of atoms are involved in forming bonds. Valence electrons are found in the outermost, unfilled valence shells of atoms.

Pyrimidines

cytosine, thymine, uracil

levels of complexity for carbohydrates

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

carbohydrates are

simple sugars

Types of molecules

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Which two elements are essential for organic molecule structure? Why are they important?

Carbon (covalent) and Hydrogen= Hydrocarbons. Carbon is versatile, with an ability to form 4 covalent bonds, making it the "backbone" of life

describe the difference between a polar covalent and non- polar covalent bond. Where might we find these bonds?

Polar Covalent Bond: Bond between to atoms/elements, with one atom/element having a larger electronegativity than the other. Non-Polar Covalent Bond: Bond between 2 atoms with equal electronegativity

4 major bond-types found in biological systems

Polar Covalent Bonds, Non-polar covalent bonds, Ionic Bonds, and Hydrogen Bonds

What is the key difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?

Saturated Fats: lack a carbon double bound. Unsaturated Fats: contain one or more carbon double bonds