Physiology of Sleep-Sherpath

The nurse is teaching a patient about melatonin. Which statement made by the patient indicates the teaching has been effective?

-"Melatonin regulates the circadian phase of sleep." -"Melatonin is a hormone that is made in the pineal gland."

A patient with a fluctuating heart rate is in which stage of sleep?

REM.

What may occur during NREM 2?

Snoring.

The nurse is teaching a patient about the physiologic functions involved in sleep. Which statement by the patient shows a need for further teaching?

"NREM sleep is associated with memory storage, learning, and increased blood flow to the brain."

A female patient with tremors and circadian rhythm disorder complains that she is having difficulty sleeping and is often awakened. She frequently works nights during shift rotation. Which question by the nurse is appropriate?

-"Have you considered switching to days permanently?" -"Are you taking any medications that may be causing you to have trouble sleeping?" -"How do you feel about a care plan to reduce awakenings?" -"Have you been tested for Parkinson's diseases?"

A parent of a 3-year-old is concerned about her child's sleeping habits. The child often shows resistance to going to bed, is sleeping six hours a night in a crib, and takes an hour long nap each day. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?

-"Showing resistance to bedtime is normal for this age group." -"Napping is good for a 3-year-old child as it will restore energy." -"Sleep needs fluctuate with growth spurts."

Which bpm reading is normal for a sleeping newborn with a steady heart rate of 150 bpm while awake?

-140 bpm. -135 bpm.

Which neurotransmitter(s) primarily influence(s) REM sleep?

-Acetylcholine. -Norepinephrine.

Which is true about newborns and infants regarding sleep?

-An infant's sleep patterns consist of sleeping, awakening to eat, and sleeping again. -Infants sleep 10-12 hours a night with naps during the day. -Older infants may safely roll to their stomachs during sleep.

How are toddler and infant sleeping patterns similar?

-Both toddlers and infants sleep 10-12 hours a day. -Both toddlers and infants take naps during the day.

Which factors can affect the sleep-wake cycle?

-Daily routines. -Social commitments. -Alarm clocks. -Light-dark cycles.

Which characteristics will a sleep-deprived person experience?

-Decreased concentration. -Difficulty making decisions. -Emotionally irritable.

Which events affect the quality of sleep?

-Frequent wakening. -Pain. -Shortened REM stage. -Obstructive sleep apnea.

What may occur as a result of inadequate REM sleep?

-Learning problems. -Decreased memory.

Which does circadian rhythm affect?

-Sleep. -Endocrine functions. -Blood pressure. -Body temperature.

Which individual may be at risk for a sleeping disorder?

10-year-old who sleeps 6 hours each night with regular daytime naps.

Circadian rhythms repeat every___hours.

24.

Which individual requires the least amount of sleep?

70-year-old.

Polysomnography recordings of sleep show recurring patterns of sleep lasting approximately ___ minutes.

90.

Which patient is most likely in the REM sleep stage?

Adolescent who awakens from a night terror.

Which sleep pattern would be common for an older adult woman?

Awaken at 6.00 am and go to bed at 11:00 pm.

How are young adults and older adults sleeping patterns similar?

Both young adults and older adults may awaken more at night.

Given the normal human circadian rhythm for body temperature, which pattern of body temperature might be noticed in patients between 2:00 and 4:00 am?

Decrease of 0.5 to 1 degree.

What factors cause sleep disturbances in older adults?

Frequent awakenings.

Which reading increases prior to night-time sleep?

Melatonin hormone levels.

A patient displaying small muscle jerks is in which stage of sleep?

NREM 2.

During which sleep stage can sleepwalking occur?

NREM 4.