Physiology Test 1

17) An allosteric modulator binds to A) a region of the enzyme other than the active site. B) the active site. C) the substrate. D) the product. E) the surrounding tissue.

A) a region of the enzyme other than the active site.

106) Chemical reactions that occur in the human body proceed at a faster rate due to special catalytic molecules called A) enzymes. B) cytozymes. C) proteins. D) antibodies. E) antagonists.

A) enzymes.

8) Which of the following is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"? A) hormones B) nutrients C) water D) inorganic ions E) None of the answers are correct.

A) hormones

3) Cells regulate their level of activity by regulating the amount of proteins present in the cell at any given time, so an up regulation of enzymes would be expected to A) increase the cell's response that is produced by the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. B) decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them. C) have no effect on the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. D) decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. E) both decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them and decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.

A) increase the cell's response that is produced by the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.

2) Glycosylated molecules are those formed with which group of organic compounds? A) lipids B) nucleic acids C) lysosomes D) cholesterol E) DNA

A) lipids

9) Enzymes increase reaction rate by A) lowering the activation energy of a reaction. B) increasing the free energy in the products. C) raising the activation energy of a reaction. D) converting an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction.

A) lowering the activation energy of a reaction.

6) Permeability is a property of A) membranes. B) ions. C) solutes. D) solvents. E) proteins.

A) membranes.

138) Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) binds to the enzyme glycogen synthase (GS), increasing the probability of enzyme-substrate binding. G6P is an example of a(n) ________. Based on its name, what do you think is the role of GS?

Answer: (allosteric) modulator of GS. GS is required for the synthesis of glycogen

49) In the absence of a signal sequence, a newly synthesized protein localizes to the A) mitochondria. B) cytoplasm. C) peroxisome. D) nucleus. E) plasma membrane.

B) cytoplasm.

83) Molecules that readily dissolve in water are called A) hydrophobic. B) hydrophilic. C) isotonic. D) non-polar. E) lipids.

B) hydrophilic.

8) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?A) intracellular and plasma B) plasma and interstitial C) interstitial and intracellular D) plasma and the fluid portion of the blood E) None of the answers are correct.

B) plasma and interstitial

94) An exergonic chemical reaction A) converts substrates into products that have more free energy. B) releases energy as the reaction progresses. C) requires the input of energy. D) requires an enzyme in order to overcome the activation energy.

B) releases energy as the reaction progresses.

36) The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin, a protein-based hormone. Which of the following organelles would be found in higher levels in the beta cells? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) microvilli D) lysosomes

B) ribosomes

5) Water is a polar molecule, yet it easily moves through the nonpolar portions of cell membranes. Which transport process is responsible?A) facilitated diffusion B) simple diffusion C) uniport D) symport E) antiport

B) simple diffusion

4) The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body.1. tissue 2. cell 3. organ 4. molecule 5. organism 6. organ system The correct order from the smallest to the largest is A) 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5. B) 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5. C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5. D) 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5. E) 6, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1.

C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5.

143) How many grams of NaCl, molecular mass = 58.5 Daltons, are necessary to make 1 liter of 5% saline? A) 58.5 B) 1 C) 50 D) 6.02 × 1023 E) 2.9

C) 50

140) A 5 M solution of 100 mL of glucose contains how many grams of glucose, molecular mass = 180 Daltons? A) 180 B) 360 C) 90 D) 6.02 × 1023 E) 1.0

C) 90

120) Mature nerve and muscle cells are expected to lack which organelle(s)? A) nucleus B) endoplasmic reticulum C) centrioles D) ribosomes E) Golgi bodies

C) centrioles

1) Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, large anions, and proteins? A) plasma only B) interstitial fluid only C) intracellular fluid only D) both plasma and intracellular fluid E) both plasma and interstitial fluid

C) intracellular fluid only

50) Epithelial cells that are adapted for membrane transport of materials, such as ions and nutrients, usually have ________ on their apical surface. A) mitochondria B) cilia or flagella C) microvilli D) junctional complexes E) vesicles

C) microvilli

12) How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called A) pharmacokinetics. B) pharmacogenetics. C) pharmacogenomics. D) pharmacodynamics. E) pharmageddon.

C) pharmacogenomics.

27) Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? A) fatty acids B) steroids C) proteins D) lipids E) All are synthesized in the SER.

C) proteins

23) The human environment is terrestrial, dry, and highly variable. However, our bodies expend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant internal environment. Studying why our bodies do this is what kind of scientific endeavor? A) mechanistic B) translational C) teleological D) anatomical E) meterological

C) teleological

65) Which of the following levels of protein structure occurs from spontaneous folding that results from covalent bonds and noncovalent interactions? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) triangular

C) tertiary

9) Which of the following is NOT a membrane lipid? A) sphingolipids B) cholesterol C) phospholipids D) All are membrane lipids.

D) All are membrane lipids.

25) Gated channels for sodium ions may include A) mechanical gates, which respond to pressure. B) chemical gates, which respond to ligands. C) voltage gates, which respond to electrical signals. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

25) Excretion is a function of the body. Which of the following would be considered excretion? A) Movement of sodium from the intestines to the bloodstream. B) Movement of glucose from the kidney to the blood stream. C) Movement of potassium from kidney cells into one's urine. D) Movement of salt from sweat glands to the surface of the skin. E) Movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood stream.

D) Movement of salt from sweat glands to the surface of the skin.

95) ________ proteins attach loosely to other membrane proteins or polar regions of phospholipids. A) Nuclear B) Transmembrane C) Cytoskeletal D) Peripheral E) Glycolipid

D) Peripheral

43) All but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction. Identify the exception. A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) gap junctions D) loose junctions E) adherens junctions

D) loose junctions

1) Physiology is the study of: A) the structure of the body. B) the tissues and organs of the body at the microscopic level. C) growth and reproduction. D) the normal function of living organisms. E) the facial features as an indication of personality.

D) the normal function of living organisms.

66) Mass balance involves determining the total amount of a substance in the body. We can determine the rate of production (i.e. Mass Flow) of this substance by which of the following formulas? A) intake + production - excretion - metabolism. B) (amount of substance / min) × (concentration of the substance) C) volume of flow / (amount of substance / min) D) (concentration of a substance) / volume flow E) (concentration of a substance) × (volume/min)

E) (concentration of a substance) × (volume/min)

22) Microtubules A) are composed of tubulin. B) are hollow, filamentous structures. C) form cilia that aid in cell movement. D) are the largest cytoplasmic fibers. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

2) Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3-? A) plasma only B) interstitial fluid only C) intracellular fluid only D) both plasma and intracellular fluid E) both plasma and interstitial fluid

E) both plasma and interstitial fluid

21) An enzyme that transfers phosphates from ATP to a substrate molecule is a: A) hydrolase. B) lipase. C) transferase. D) ligase. E) kinase.

E) kinase.

20) Place these terms in the typical sequence in which they appear in the process of scientific inquiry: experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication. A) experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication B) replication, hypothesis, experimental data, theory, model, observation C) theory, observation, experimental data, hypothesis, replication, model D) observation, replication, model, experimental data, hypothesis, theory E) observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

E) observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

86) Two methods of protein activation include ________ and ________. A) exergonic, endogonic B) enzymatic, glycolytic C) homeostatic, osmotic D) mechanistic, covalent bonding E) proteolytic, cofactor binding

E) proteolytic, cofactor binding

The membrane proteins that change shape and bind with specific molecules to transport them across the cell membrane are ________.

carrier proteins

Membrane protein pores that can be opened and closed are called ________ channels.

gated (regulated)

85) Transcription factors are proteins whose binding to the ________ region for a gene can ________ (increase) or ________ (decrease) expression of that gene.

promoter, induce, repress