PIC_CART

1. D - Cartilage is avascular; thus, nutrients supporting chondrocytes diffuse from blood vessels peripheral to this tissue

1. Which of the following provides nutrients to mature chondrocytes? A. Vasculature of cartilage B. Canals within the cartilage C. Capillary network within the matrix D. Diffusion through the matrix E. Cellular interconnections between adjacent chondrocytes

2. C - Chondrocytes are arranged linearly, not in isogenous groups as in elastic and hyaline cartilage. Fibrocartilage does NOT have a perichondrium

2. Which of the following would best characterize fibrocartilage? A. Presence of a perichondrium B. Found at the epiphyseal plate C. Rows of chondrocytes D. Large, densely stained territorial matrix E. Lines bones at articular sites

3. A - The matrix of cartilage primarily consists of collagen, whereas the ground substance consists of molecules such as glycosaminoglycans

3. Which of the following is the major component of the matrix of cartilage? A. Collagen B. Isogenous groups C. Glycosaminoglycans D. Chondrocytic processes E. Perichondrium

4. C - Chondroblasts are derived from mesenchymal cells. The perichondrium surrounding cartilage houses chondroblasts.

4. Chondroblasts are derived from which of the following cell types? A. Fibroblasts B. Proliferating chondrocytes C. Mesenchymal cells D. Cells within isogenous groups E. Cells of the perichondrium

5. E - Hyaline cartilage has abundant matrix, with a perichondrium, and is more flexible than fibrocartilage

5. Which of the following best characterizes hyaline cartilage? A. No perichondrium B. Single chondrocytes C. Found between vertebral bodies D. Least resilient of all forms of cartilage E. Abundant matrix

6. B - Elastic cartilage is found in those structures or organs requiring flexibility, such as the epiglottis

6. Elastic cartilage is found in which of the following body structures? A. Intervertebral disks B. Epiglottis C. Tracheal rings D. Cartilage at pubic symphysis E. Costal cartilage

Bone grows by Appositional or Endochondral growth. *Appositional growth occurs at the surface of the cartilage or perichondrium *Interstitial growth occurs between chondrocytes and is active during endochondral ossification -Mitosis is limited to 1 or 2 rounds of replication, which gives rise to isogenous groups of chondrocytes -Isogenous groups are surrounded by territorial matrices, which are separated by an interterritorial matrix

Appositional growth occurs at _______ Interstitial growth occurs between _______ Isogenous groups are surrounded by _____, which are separated by an _____

Chondroblast Chondrocytes

Cell of Cartilage?

Chondrocytes form from Chondroblasts. Lacuna

Chondrocytes form from _____ what surround a chondrocytes ____

in the rim around the ball & socket joints, Intervertebral Discs, Pubic Symphysis, Meniscus of Knee, & Insertion of Achilles Tendon. -Fibrocartilage acts as shock absorbers

Fibrocartilage is found _____ and acts as ________

The Inner Perichondrial Layer houses what cell types? Chondroblasts

The Inner Perichondrial Layer houses what cell types?

Fibrocartilage Elastic Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Collagen fibers are in all three fiber types. Elastic cartilage has Elastic fibers as well. *The matrix makes up 40% of cartilage and primarily consists of type II collagen and elastin Type II cannot form bundles, remains microscopic unlike type I which can form bundles.

Three types of Cartilage

He knows his stuff and is eloquent! *Hyaline cartilage is found in the nasal passages, upper respiratory passage (including larynx, trachea, bronchi), costal cartilage of the ribs, and articular cartilage at joints -One that does not have perichondrium is the articular cartilage at joints -no perichondrium in articular cartilage. Apparently a test question.

What types of ____ cartilage doesn't have perichondrium?

40% Fibers a. collagen 2. elastin fiber 60% Amorphous Ground Substance Glycosaminoglycans - chondrotin sulfate , hyaluronic acid

What's cartilage matrix made of?

The body parts of Elastic cartilage often begin with the letter "E". Ear (Pinna of), Eustachian tube (certain Laryngeal Cartilages), and Epidermis. Why would your Epidermis have Elastic fibers? Stretch

What's this made to do what?

Fibrocartilage We can tell this is not hyaline because it is not smooth and uniform. Looks like Dense Regular Connective Tissue. But nuclei do NOT look like fibroblasts. Mitosis is limited, but there may be organized "isogenous groups" of oriented Chondrocytes. Look at tendon vs. fibrocartilage. Learn the difference. Here, the nucleus is surrounded by fibers. These are chondrocytes, not fibroblasts. you can tell by the lacuna. Also, there are white spaces that used to contain matrix; this is not normally seen in Dense Regular CT. The nuclei are dark and round where those of Dense Regular CT are often less Basophilic (dark blue/purple) and elongated. *Type I collagen - interterritorial matrix fibrocartilage vs. dense connective tissue vs smooth muscle

What's this?

HYALINE CARTILAGE ISOGENOUS GROUP PINK - perichondrium chondroblast small cell is near the white territoral matrix surround iso group - made of enriched proteoglycan interterritoral - enriched type II collagen

What's this? What are those cell type? What's the pink stuff near the white stuff?

perichondrium appostional growth - one direction insterstial growth chondroblast chondrocytes PERICHONDRIUM. Mesenchymal cell becomes a Chondroblast which enters appositionally (one direction) into the matrix. Undergoes interstitial growth (limited number of mitotic events up to 3) to form isogenous groups surrounded by territorial matrix. Cells of the isogenous group are now called chondrocytes. Lacuna is the material that surrounds the chondrocytes. The Lacuna is known to be around the cell, like an eggshell to the yolk. Mesenchymal ----> Chondroblast------> Chondrocyte→ Isogenous group Appositional growth is one direction, while Interstitial growth is not

What's this? growth pointing down ? growth point all around? flat cell up top? round cell in the middle group of four cell at bottom?

Hyaline Cartilage Homogenously staining matrix is what color? Is there a high or low cell:matrix ratio in Hyaline? low Are the cells bunched or evenly distributed? Is there a Perichondrium? yes Why does this look so much different from the last picture that is glassy? White or translucent Low cell:matrix ratio Evenly Distributed Perichondrium is the "line of white" that contains the smaller cells. Perichondrium is a type of Irregular Dense Connective tissue that grows and repairs cartilage. Judging from Gartner (p. 80. Figure 1) this is likely "Embroynic Hyaline Cartilage". ht be a good curveball on a test.

What's this? low or high cell:matrix ratio? bunched or even dis?

Note the bright red (very acidophilic) matrix surrounding the cells in the center of the image. To distinguish between this and Hyaline (found in Trachea) image we saw before note the distinct lack of Isogenous Groups. Are the inner and outer layers of Perichondrium made from collagen fibers? Yes both the inner and outer layers of Perichondrium are made of collagen fibers, but only the inner layer has Mesenchymal cells and capillaries. The outer layer has Fibroblasts and larger blood vessels. elastin looks just like hyaline except you have those fibers in the reddish color.

What's this? what are those reddish fiber?

SPINDLE SHAPED! When they have surrounded themselves with matrix and become trapped in their own Lacuna.

When do Chondroblasts become Chondrocytes?

Elastic cartilage Elastic fibers

what are those dark fiber? What is this?

Elastic cartilage1 Elastic fibers

what are those dark fiber? What is this?

Note the aligment of isogenous group (LINEAR) What important structure normally found in Cartilage is not in Fibrocartilage? Perichondrium - that's why it doesn't heal

what's this?