PicMonic & NCLEX Questions - Diuretics

The staff educator in the ICU is talking with a group of new nurses about osmotic diuretics. The educator would tell the new nurses that osmotic diuretics act on which site in the nephron? A)Proximal tubule B)Glomerulus C)Ascending limb of loop of Henle D)Collecting tubule

B)Glomerulus These drugs are freely filtered at the renal glomerulus, poorly reabsorbed by the renal tubule, not secreted by the tubule, and resistant to metabolism. Therefore, options A, C, and D are not correct.

A 91-year-old patient is being discharged on the diuretic spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the major adverse effect of this type of medication? A)Hypokalemia B)Hyperkalemia C)Gastric irritation D)Hypertension

B)Hyperkalemia The most common adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics is hyperkalemia, which can cause lethargy, confusion, ataxia, muscle cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias. Hypokalemia, gastric irritation, and hypertension are not recognized as adverse effects of spironolactone.

What is the term for the action of a diuretic in a patient with glaucoma? A)Intraocular pressure (IOP) B)Osmotic pull C)Diuresis D)Potassium sparing

B)Osmotic pull Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by increased pressure in the eye—known as intraocular pressure (IOP)—which can cause optic nerve atrophy and blindness. Diuretics are used to provide osmotic pull to remove some of the fluid from the eye, which decreases IOP, or as adjunctive therapy to reduce fluid volume and pressure in the cardiovascular system, which also decreases pressure in the eye somewhat. Potassium sparing refers to a class of diuretics that help to retain potassium.

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a 72-year-old patient who has been discharged home on a diuretic. What would the patient's instructions regarding the use of a diuretic at home include? A)Measuring intake and output of urine B)To weigh themselves on the same scale, at the same time of day, in the same clothing C)Restrict fluids to 500 mL/d to limit the need to urinate D)Decrease exercise to conserve energy

B)To weigh themselves on the same scale, at the same time of day, in the same clothing Patients taking a diuretic at home need to learn to weigh themselves every day, at the same time, and in the same clothes to monitor for loss or retention of fluid. They should not be asked to measure urine output or to decrease activity. Restricting fluids can lead to a rebound fluid retention when compensatory mechanisms are activated.

Which laboratory value might indicate an adverse response to hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)? A. Sodium levels B. Glucose levels C. Calcium levels D. Chloride levels

B. Glucose levels Correct Hydrochlorothiazide can cause hyperglycemia; therefore, glucose levels can indicate this adverse response.

Loop diuretics are most likely to cause when of the following side effects? -dehydration -hypocalciuria -anion gap metabolic acidosis -hypernatremia -hypoglcemia -jaundice

-dehydration Excessive use of diuretics may cause hypovolemia which may manifest as dehydration with skin tenting and excessive thirst and also low blood pressure.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is most likely indicated for which of the following? -polyuria -edema -polydipsia -reducing intraocular pressure -increased ICP -gestational hypertension

-edema Thiazides can be used in moderate heart failure patients to decrease excess fluid in the system. The patient needs to have proper renal function for the medication to work.

Which of the following medications is considered a loop diuretic? -mannitol -cholestyramine -furosemide -spironolactone -amiloride and triamterene -DDAVP

-furosemide

During your assessment of a patient taking hydrochlorthiazide which of the following side effects is most likely to be seen? -cough -hypoglycemia -gout -hypertension -flushing

-gout Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by severe pain, redness, and tenderness in joints. Thiazide medications can elevate a variety of compounds in the blood. LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid can all be affected. Elevated uric acid (hyperuricemia) is typically asymptomatic, but can cause gouty arthritis in patients that are predisposed to the disorder.

Loop diuretics are most likely to cause which of the following side effects? -gout -hypernatremia -hypoglycemia -jaundice -hypertension -normal gap metabolic acidosis

-gout Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by severe pain, redness, and tenderness in joints. High levels of uric acid in the blood is the underlying cause of gout. This can occur for a number of reasons including diet, medications, genetics, or under excretion of rate from the kidneys. Diuretics have been associated with hyperuricemia and gout.

Loop diuretics are most likely to cause which of the following side effects? -hypertension -ototoxicity -hypernatremia -hypocalcemia -anion gap metabolic acidosis -hypoglycemia -normal gap metabolic acidosis

-hypocalcemia Inhabitation of the Na, K, 2Cl transporter causes a failure of reabsorption of calcium which may cause hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia may manifest as ECG changes, muscle spasms, or tetany.

Loop diuretics are most likely to cause which of the following side effects? -hypokalemia -hypoglycemia -hyponatremia -anion gap metabolic acidosis -normal gap metabolic acidosis -hypercalcemia

-hypokalemia Because loop diuretic prevent reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the loop of henle. There is an increased amount of sodium and water that passes through the collecting tubules. This causes a reflex secretion of potassium into the urine by increase aldosterone secretion. Also, volume depletion due to increased urine output causes increased secretion of aldosterone which further increases the secretion of potassium into the collecting duct and into the urine, leading to hypokalemia. Hypokalemia may manifest as ECG changes, muscle tinging or weakness, fatigue and constipation.

During your assessment of a patient taking hydrochlorothiazide which of the following side effects is most likely to be seen? -proximal muscle weakness -hypokalemia -flushing -normal gap metabolic acidosis -cough -profressive renal insufficiency

-hypokalemia Because potassium is excreted by the kidneys through the urine, hypokalemia is an adverse effect of thiazides. Consuming potassium-rich foods or using potassium supplements can minimize this effect.

What mechanism of action or pharmacological action is best associated with loop diuretics? -increased Na and water reabsorption -absorbs calcium and phosphorus -osmotic diuresis -Na+ reabsorption via active transport -inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels -inhibits Na+, K+, 2Cl

-inhibits Na+, K+, 2Cl Loop diuretics act on the Na+, K+, 2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle. They inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption by competing for the Cl binding site/ Loop diuretics prevent the generation of a hypertonic renal medulla which prevents urine from being concentrated and leads to increased urine production. Action: inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle, leading to Na+ rich diuresis

What mechanism of action or pharmacological action is best associated with hydrochlorothiazide? -inhibits reabsorption NaCl and H2O -absorbs calcium and phosphorus -inhibits voltage-gated Ca2 channels -inhibits Na, K, 2Cl -Na reabsorption via active transport -osmotic diuretic

-inhibits reabsorption NaCl and H2O Hydrochlorothiazide promotes urine production by blocking the reabsorption of NaCl in the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule. Since "water follows salt," water reabsorption is also inhibited.

Loop diuretics are most likely to cause which of the following side effects? -hypertension -ototoxicity -orthostatic hypotension -hypernatremia -hypocalcemia -anion gap metabolic acidosis -hypoglycemia -normal gap metabolic acidosis

-orthostatic hypotension Orthostatic hypotension occurs when a persons blood pressure suddenly falls when standing up or stretching. Educate the patient to rise slowly or dangle their feet off the bed before standing.

Loop diuretics are most likely to cause which of the following side effects? Select all that apply -hypertension -ototoxicity -orthostatic hypotension -hypernatremia -hypocalcemia -dehydration -anion gap metabolic acidosis -hypoglycemia -hypokalemia

-orthostatic hypotension -hypocalcemia -ototoxicity -hypokalemia -dehydration

Loop diuretics are most likely to cause which of the following side effects? -hypertension -ototoxicity -hypernatremia -anion gap metabolic acidosis -hypoglycemia -normal gap metabolic acidosis

-ototoxicity Ototoxicity (damage to the ear) from rapid injection is a serious and rare adverse effect of loop diuretics. Symptoms may be limited to tinnitus and vertigo but serious cases can result in hearing loss.

The nurse is caring for a patient with edema who has just begun taking a diuretic. What will the nurse use to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication? (Select all that apply.) A)Daily weight B)Decrease in edema C)Increase in blood pressure D)Increase in urinary output E)Increase in pulse

A)Daily weight B)Decrease in edema D)Increase in urinary output Responsiveness to the use of a diuretic can be measured by daily weights, increased urinary output, decrease in edema, decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate. Options C and E are not correct.

A patient has been prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Because this drug causes potassium loss, what will the nurse instruct the patient to eat? A)Peaches B)Apples C)Pears D)Pineapple

A)Peaches Peaches, as well as bananas, oranges, raisins, and other fruits, spices, and vegetables are high in potassium and consuming them should be encouraged when taking furosemide. Apples, pears, and pineapple, however, do not replace potassium in the body.

A female patient has a history of frequent bladder infections. Which classification of diuretic would not be recommended for this patient? A)Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics B)Loop diuretics C)potassium-sparing diuretics D)Osmotic diuretics

A)Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics Urine is slightly alkalinized when the thiazides or thiazide-like diuretics are used because they block reabsorption of bicarbonate. This effect can cause problems for patients who are susceptible to bladder infections. Loop, potassium sparing, and osmotic diuretics do not have this effect.

Potassium-sparing diuretics may cause which common adverse reactions? (Select all that apply.) A. Dizziness B. Headache C. Hyperkalemia D. Mental confusion E. Muscle weakness

A. Dizziness Correct B. Headache Correct C. Hyperkalemia Correct Hyperkalemia, dizziness, and headache are common adverse effects associated with potassium-sparing diuretics.

To treat a patient with pulmonary edema, the nurse prepares to administer which diuretic to this patient? A. Furosemide (Lasix) B. Amiloride (Midamor) C. Triamterene (Dyrenium) D. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A. Furosemide (Lasix) Furosemide is a potent, rapid-acting diuretic that would be the drug of choice to treat pulmonary edema. The other medications are not potent enough to cause the diuresis necessary to treat this condition.

The nurse is reviewing the home medication list with the patient. The nurse recognizes that hydrochlorothiazide is used primarily for which condition? A. Hypertension B. Edema C. Diabetes D. Protection against postmenopausal osteoporosis

A. Hypertension The primary indication for hydrochlorothiazide is hypertension, a condition for which thiazides are often the drugs of first choice. Hydrochlorothiazides are used for the other conditions, but the primary indication is hypertension

Which laboratory test result is a common adverse effect of furosemide (Lasix)? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypernatremia C. Hyperchloremia D. Hypophosphatemia

A. Hypokalemia Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic, and the most common adverse effect of loop diuretics is electrolyte imbalances. This results in major electrolyte losses of potassium and sodium and, to a lesser extent, calcium.

A patient prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone) asks the nurse to assist with food choices that are low in potassium. The nurse would recommend which food choices? (Select all that apply.) A. Apples B. Bananas C. Pineapple D. Lean meat E. Winter squash

A.Apples Correct C.Pineapple Correct D. Lean meat Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that could potentially cause hyperkalemia. Bananas and winter (not summer) squash are high in potassium and should be avoided in patients taking spironolactone.

To treat a patient diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism, the nurse would expect to administer which diuretic? A. Furosemide (Lasix) B. Acetazolamide (Diamox) C. Spironolactone (Aldactone) D. Hydrochlorothiazide

C. Spironolactone (Aldactone) Spironolactone is the direct antagonist for aldosterone.

The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who needs a diuretic. Which agent is likely to be chosen, because it has been shown to greatly reduce mortality in patients with heart failure? A. Furosemide [Lasix] B. Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL] C. Spironolactone [Aldactone] D. Mannitol [Osmitrol]

C. Spironolactone [Aldactone] Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used to treat both hypertension and edema. It is a preferred drug in heart failure, because it has been shown to have a cardioprotective effect, reducing mortality in patients with heart failure.

The emergency department (ED) nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing pulmonary edema. The patient is treated with furosemide (Lasix). What will the nurse monitor? A)Sodium levels B)Bone narrow function C)Calcium levels D)Potassium levels

D)Potassium levels Furosemide is associated with loss of potassium, so that the patient will need to be monitored carefully for low potassium levels, which could cause cardiac arrhythmias and further aggravate pulmonary edema. The nurse would not monitor sodium or calcium levels or bone marrow function because of the effects of the drug during the acute treatment of pulmonary edema.

The class of diuretics that act to block the chloride pump in the distal convoluted tubules and leads to a loss of sodium and potassium and a minor loss of water is what? A)Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors B)Osmotic diuretics C)Potassium-sparing diuretics D)Thiazide diuretics

D)Thiazide diuretics Thiazide diuretics work to block the chloride pump, which leads to a loss of sodium, potassium, and some water. They are considered mild diuretics. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work to block the formation of carbonic acid and bicarbonate in the renal tubules. Osmotic diuretics use hypertonic pull to remove fluid from the intravascular spaces and to deliver large amounts of water into the renal tubules. Potassium-sparing diuretics are mild and act to spare potassium in exchange for the loss of sodium and water.

The nurse would question the use of mannitol (Osmitrol) for which patient condition? A. Increased intraocular pressure B. Oliguria from acute renal failure C. Cerebral edema from head trauma D. Anuria related to end-stage kidney disease

D. Anuria related to end-stage kidney disease Mannitol does not influence urine production; it only increases existing urine output. It is not metabolized but excreted unchanged in the urine by the kidneys. Thus, if no urine is produced (anuria), mannitol is not excreted, which increases

Why does the health care provider prescribe furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg twice a day by mouth for a patient with a history of renal insufficiency? A. Furosemide is effective in treating patients withhypoaldosteronism. B. Furosemide helps the kidney with reabsorption of sodium and water. C. Furosemide has an antagonist effect to prevent respiratory alkalosis. D. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with impaired kidney function.

D. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with impaired kidney function. Furosemide effectiveness continues in impaired renal function. When creatinine clearance decreases below 25 L/min (normal is 125 L/min), the loop diuretics can still work.

When teaching a patient about symptoms of hypokalemia, the nurse will instruct the patient to notify the health care provider if which symptom occurs? A. Diaphoresis B. Constipation C. Blurred vision D. Muscle weakness

D. Muscle weakness Muscle weakness is a common symptom of hypokalemia. The other answers are incorrect.

A patient is receiving Mannitol for increased ICP. Which statement is INCORRECT about this medication? A. Mannitol will remove water from the brain and place it in the blood to be removed from the body. B. Mannitol will cause water and electrolyte reabsorption in the renal tubules. C. When a patient receives Mannitol the nurse must monitor the patient for both fluid volume overload and depletion. D. Mannitol is not for patients who are experiencing anuria.

B. Mannitol will cause water and electrolyte reabsorption in the renal tubules. Mannitol will cause water and electrolyte reabsorption in the renal tubules.The answer is B. All the other options are correct. Mannitol will PREVENT (not cause) water and electrolytes (specifically sodium and chloride) from being reabsorbed....hence it will leave the body as urine.

The nurse is providing education to a patient on why spironolactone (Aldactone) and furosemide (Lasix) are prescribed together. What information does the nurse provide to the patient? A. Moderate doses of two different types of diuretics are more effective than a large dose of one type. B. This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia. Correct C. This combination prevents dehydration and hypovolemia. D. Using two drugs increases osmolality of plasma and the glomerular filtration rate.Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic; furosemide is a potassium-losing diuretic. Giving these together minimizes electrolyte imbalance.

B. This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia. Correct Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic; furosemide is a potassium-losing diuretic. Giving these together minimizes electrolyte imbalance.

The nurse is caring for a patient with a severe head injury. An osmotic diuretic is ordered. The nurse understands which drug is an osmotic diuretic? A)Spironolactone (Aldactone) B)Bumetanide (Bumex) C)Mannitol (Osmitrol) D)Ethacrynic (Edecrin)

C)Mannitol (Osmitrol) Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic. Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic. Bumetanide and ethacrynic are loop diuretics.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has just been diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse is aware that the health care provider will begin therapy with which classification of diuretics? A)Loop diuretics B)Carbonic anhydrous inhibitors C)Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics D)potassium-sparing diuretics

C)Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics Thiazides are considered to be mild diuretics compared with the more potent loop diuretics. These agents are the first-line drugs used to manage essential hypertension when drug therapy is needed. Loop and potassium-sparing diuretics and carbonic anhydrous inhibitors would be used in combination with or after the thiazide diuretics are no longer effective.

The nurse is teaching a patient who has a new prescription for spironolactone [Aldactone]. Which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching was effective? A. "I will use salt substitutes to lower my sodium intake." B. "I will increase my intake of foods that are high in potassium." C. "I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities." D. "I will take this medication at bedtime each evening"

C. "I will call my doctor if I begin having menstrual irregularities." Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing, aldosterone-blocking diuretic. As such, it can cause endocrine effects, such as gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, impotence, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice. Patients taking spironolactone should avoid salt substitutes because they contain potassium, and high-potassium foods should be avoided with this drug. Ideally, all diuretics should be taken in the morning to prevent nocturia

A patient asks the nurse about using potassium supplements while taking spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the nurse's best response? A. "I will call your health care provider and discuss your concern." B. "I would recommend that you take two multivitamins every day." C. "This diuretic is potassium sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium." D. "You will need to take potassium supplements for the medication to be effective."

C. "This diuretic is potassium sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium." Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and thus the patient does not need potassium supplementation. Intake of excess potassium may lead to hyperkalemia.

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of mannitol (Osmitrol), the nurse should monitor the patient for which clinical finding? A. Increase in urine osmolality B. Decrease in serum osmolality C. Decrease in intracranial pressure D. Increase in cerebral blood volume

C. Decrease in intracranial pressure Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that pulls fluid from extravascular spaces into the bloodstream to be excreted in urine. This decreases intracranial pressure and cerebral blood volume, increases excretion of medications, decreases urine osmolality, and increases serum osmolality.

An older adult patient has been discharged following treatment for a mild case of heart failure. He will be taking a loop diuretic. Which instruction( s) from the nurse are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) a. "Take the diuretic at the same time each morning." b. "Take the diuretic only if you notice swelling in your feet." c. "Be sure to stand up slowly because the medicine may make you feel dizzy if you stand up quickly." d. "Drink at least 8 glasses of water each day." e. "Here is a list of foods that are high in potassium; you need to avoid these." f. "Please call your doctor immediately if you notice muscle weakness or increased dizziness."

a. "Take the diuretic at the same time each morning." c. "Be sure to stand up slowly because the medicine may make you feel dizzy if you stand up quickly." f. "Please call your doctor immediately if you notice muscle weakness or increased dizziness."

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of mannitol (Osmitrol), the nurse should monitor the patient for which clinical finding? a. Decrease in intracranial pressure b. Decrease in serum osmolality c. Increase in urine osmolality d. Increase in cerebral blood volume

a. Decrease in intracranial pressure Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that pulls fluid from extravascular spaces into the bloodstream to be excreted in urine. This decreases intracranial pressure and cerebral blood volume, increases excretion of medications, decreases urine osmolality, and increases serum osmolality.

Potassium-sparing diuretics may cause which common adverse reactions? (Select all that apply.) a. Dizziness b. Hyperkalemia c. Headache d. Muscle weakness e. Mental confusion

a. Dizziness b. Hyperkalemia c. Headache Hyperkalemia, dizziness, and headache are common adverse effects associated with potassium-sparing diuretics.

The nurse is providing education to a patient prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone) and furosemide (Lasix). What information does the nurse explain to the patient? a. This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of low levels of potassium. b. This combination maintains water balance to protect against dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. c. The lowest dose of two different types of diuretics are more effective than a large dose of one type. d. Using two drugs increases blood osmolality and the glomerular filtration rate.

a. This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of low levels of potassium. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic; furosemide is a potassium-losing diuretic. Giving these together minimizes potassium loss.

When monitoring laboratory test results for patients receiving loop and thiazide diuretics, the nurse knows to look for a. decreased serum levels of potassium. b. increased serum levels of calcium. c. decreased serum levels of glucose. d. increased serum levels of sodium

a. decreased serum levels of potassium.

Which statement needs to be included when the nurse provides patient education for a patient with heart failure who is taking daily doses of spironolactone (Aldactone)? a. "Be sure to eat foods that are high in potassium." b. "Avoid foods that are high in potassium." c. "Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication." d. "A low-fiber diet will help prevent adverse effects of this medication."

b. "Avoid foods that are high in potassium."

A patient asks the nurse about using potassium supplements while taking spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the nurse's best response? a. "I would recommend that you take two multivitamins every day." b. "This diuretic is potassium sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium." c. "I will call your health care provider and discuss your concern." d. "You will need to take potassium supplements for the medication to be effective."

b. "This diuretic is potassium sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium." Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and thus the patient does not need potassium supplementation. Intake of excess potassium may lead to hyperkalemia.

The nurse would question the use of mannitol (Osmitrol) for which patient condition? a. Increased intraocular pressure b. Anuria related to end-stage kidney disease c. Cerebral edema from head trauma d. Oliguria from acute renal failure

b. Anuria related to end-stage kidney disease Mannitol does not influence urine production; it only increases existing urine output. It is not metabolized but excreted unchanged in the urine by the kidneys. Thus, if no urine is produced (anuria), mannitol is not excreted, which increases blood volume. Excess blood volume may cause the undesirable adverse effect of pulmonary edema.

Why does the health care provider prescribe furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg twice a day by mouth for a patient with a history of renal insufficiency? a. Furosemide has an antagonist effect to prevent respiratory alkalosis. b. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with hypoaldosteronism. c. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with impaired kidney function. d. Furosemide helps the kidney with reabsorption of sodium and water.

c. Furosemide is effective in treating patients with impaired kidney function. Furosemide effectiveness continues in impaired renal function. When creatinine clearance decreases below 25 L/min (normal is 125 L/min), the loop diuretics can still work.

For a patient prescribed hydrochlorothiazide, the nurse should closely monitor which laboratory test value? a. Chloride b. Calcium c. Glucose d. Sodium

c. Glucose Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are associated with adverse metabolic effects of hyperglycemia; therefore, close monitoring of blood glucose levels are needed. Other metabolic disturbances include hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia.

Which laboratory test result is a common adverse effect of furosemide (Lasix)? a. Hypophosphatemia b. Hyperchloremia c. Hypokalemia d. Hypernatremia

c. Hypokalemia Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic, and the most common adverse effect of loop diuretics is electrolyte imbalances. This results in major electrolyte losses of potassium and sodium and, to a lesser extent, calcium.

A patient with diabetes has a new prescription for a thiazide diuretic. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching the patient about the thiazide drug? a. "There is nothing for you to be concerned about when you are taking the thiazide diuretic." b. "Be sure to avoid foods that are high in potassium." c. "You need to take the thiazide at night to avoid interactions with the diabetes medicine." d. "Monitor your blood glucose level closely, because the thiazide diuretic may cause the levels to increase."

d. "Monitor your blood glucose level closely, because the thiazide diuretic may cause the levels to increase."

When teaching a patient about symptoms of hypokalemia, the nurse will instruct the patient to notify the health care provider if which symptom occurs? a. Diaphoresis b. Constipation c. Blurred vision d. Muscle weakness

d. Muscle weakness Muscle weakness is a common symptom of hypokalemia. The other answers are incorrect.

The nurse is reviewing the medications that have been ordered for a patient for whom a loop diuretic has just been prescribed. The loop diuretic may have a possible interaction with which of the following? a. Vitamin D b. warfarin c. Penicillins d. NSAIDs

d. NSAIDs