Plagiarism Notes

Copyright

A law protecting the intellectual property of individuals, giving them exclusive rights over the distribution & reproduction of that material.

Intellectual property

A product of the intellect, such as an expressed idea or concept, that has commercial value.

Paraphrase

A restatement of a text or passage in other words. It is extremely important to note that changing a few words from an original source does NOT qualify as this. It must make significant changes in the style and voice of the original while retaining the essential ideas. If you change the ideas, then you are not paraphrasing— you are misrepresenting the ideas of the original, which could lead to serious trouble.

Citation

A short, formal indication of the source of information or quoted material. The act of quoted material or the material quoted.

primary source

An original writing, recording, quote, or image that came from the person who created it

Self-plagiarism

Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production. This can potentially violate copyright protection if the work has been published and is banned by most academic policies.

.gov

For historical research, it has a high credibility rating

In a research paper, only 10% should be directly quoted material. You don't want a lot of quotes on your paper. You want to summarize a lot of things to do.

How much directly quoted material is permissible in a research paper?

-Introduce the evidence with the author and website/book/magazine title -Cite the evidence in quotations exactly how it appeared -Explain what the evidnace means in your words and how it relates to your topic or argument

How to ICE a quote or piece of evidence

A legitimate paraphrase

In research papers, students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desireable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim.

Common knowledge

Information that is readily available from a number of sources or so well-known that its sources do not have to be cited.

.gov .edu

Is best?

.org .net

Is better?

.com

Is good?

.org

Is intended as the miscellaneous for organizations that's didn't fir anywhere else

.net

Is short for network

Example of attribution - the following sentence properly attributes an to its original author:

Jack Bauer, in his article "Twenty-Four Reasons not to Plagiarize," maintains that cases of plagiarists being expelled by academics institutions have risen dramatically in recent years due to an increasing awareness on the part of educators.

Facts

Knowledge or information based on real, observable occurrences. Just because something is a _______ does not mean it is not the result of original thought, analysis, or research. _________ can be considered intellectual property as well. If you discover a _______ that is not widely known nor readily found in several other places, you should cite the source.

Bibiliography

List of sources used in preparing a work

.edu

Many universities, colleges, schools. Educational service, organizations, and educational consortia have registered here?

Citing sources

Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however by _______________

Domain

Names are used in a website address to identify particular web pages

-Wikipedia.com: anyone can add info -Wordpress.com: opinion-based blogs -Blogspot: opinion based blogs -Debate.org: opinion based statistics

Never ever use?

Original

Not derived from anything else, new and unique. Markedly departing from previous practice. The first, preceding all others in time. The source from which copies are made.

Footnotes

Notes at the bottom of a paper acknowledging sources or providing additional references or information.

Borrowed and plagiarism

Simply acknowledging that certain material has been ________ and prodding your audience with the information necessary to find that source is uaslly enough to prevent __________

A plagiarized version

Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes

An acceptable summary

Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quote material in a research paper.

1. Reread the original passage until you understand it's full meaning. 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a notecard. 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the tp of the notecard, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. 4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version expresses all of the essential info in a new form. 5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. 6. Record the source (including the page) on your source sheet so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

The 6 steps to effective paraphrasing:

Public domain

The absence of copyright protection; belonging to the public so that anyone may copy or borrow from it.

Attribution

The acknowledgement that something came from another source.

Example of common knowledge:

The fact that carrots are a source of vitamin A is common knowledge, and you could include this info in your work without attributing it to a source. However, any info regarding the effects of vitamin A on the human body are likely to be the products of original research and would have to be cited.

Fair use

The guidelines for deciding whether the use of a source is permissible or constitutes a copyright infringement.

Source

The place of origin; where something originates

Plagiarism

The reproduction or appropriation of someone else's work without proper attribution; passing off as one's own work of someone else.

.edu

The website domain suffix is an overall credible source

.net

There are not many resources used for research under?

.net

This domain is specifically for network sites

.edu

This domain was originally intended for all educational institutions

.gov

This domain was originally intended for any kind of government office or agency

.org

This like, .com, has a very wide range of credibility, and ultimately comes down to the authors credibility

Credible

To be worthy of belfief or confidence

Cite

To indicate a source of information or quoted material in a short, formal note. To quote. To ascribe something to a source.

Quotation

Using words from another source.

- search specific, don't just yep facts about - cross-reference facts from site to site Look for sets ending in .gov, .edu, .org

What are some tips to finding reliable sites: (3)

-turning in someone's else's work as your own - copying words or ids from someone else without giving credit - failing to put a quotation in quotation marks - giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation - changing words but copying the sentence structure without giving credit - copying words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work wether you give credit or not

What are the 6 specific actions that are considered plagiarism

.com .edu .net .org .gov

What are the top 5 website domain suffixes

United States commercial website

What does .com stand for?

It means it can be very credible or not credible at all depending on the author

What does has a wide range of credibility mean?

-to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as ones own - to use another production without crediting the source - to commit literacy theft - to present as new and orginial an idea or product derived from an existing source

What does it mean to plagiarize according to Merriam-Webster

The writer just changed some words and called it his own paper. That is what made it plagiarism. You have to change the whole sentence structure, and you often have to change to words to.

What errors did the writer of the last passage make that resulted in plagiarism?

Website domain suffix

What helps identify domain names on the internet

-your own rendition of essential info and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. -one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. A more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

What is paraphrasing?

To make the paraphrase legitimate you want to keep the direct quotation to a minimum. You don't want to take a lot of notes because the directly quotation problem comes from the note taking.

What makes the paraphrase legitimate?

You should consult with your instructor. If you have questions about plagiarism, you should ask your instructor. Then you should plan your paper, it's one of the first and most important steps. Then you should take effective notes.

What steps should you take when planning your paper to avoid plagiarism?

.com

What website domain is most commonly used, and has a wide range of credibility

-it is better than quoting info from an undistinguished passage. -it helps you control the temptation to quote too much. -the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original.

Why is paraphrasing a valuable skill?

Secondary source

Writing, recordings, quotes, or images that have been made available by someone other than the creator