PM Exam #2

The standard deviation of a task whose optimistic time is 20 and whose most likely time is 30 and whose pessimistic time is 100 is ________. Answers: a. 13.33 b. 15.22 c. 14.56 d. 18.89 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

a. 13.33

How is the slack time (ST) for an activity calculated? Answer this question using what you know of the Critical Path Method (CPM). Selected Answer: Answers: a. The latest start (LS) time minus the earliest finish (EF) time b. The latest finish (LF) time minus the earliest start (ES) time c. The earliest finish (EF) time minus the latest start (LS) time d. The latest start (LS) time minus the earliest start (ES) time

d. The latest start (LS) time minus the earliest start (ES) time

Estimating processes occur within two knowledge areas. They are: Answers: a. Scope, Time b. Procurement, Risk c. Cost, Quality d. Time, Cost e. Time, Quality

d. Time, Cost

Which of the following is a way to improve quality on the front-end of the development lifecycle? Answers: a. User acceptance testing b. Integration testing c. Unit testing d. Walkthroughs e. Regression testing

d. Walkthroughs

Performing quality assurance is a process of the ________ phase or process group. Answers: a. closing b. monitoring and controlling c. initiating d. executing

d. executing

In ProjectLibre, the tool that is used to designate subordination as displayed in the WBS is ________. Answers: a. link tool on the task tab b. assign resources tool on the task tab c. insert tool on the task tab d. indent tool on the task tab e. None of these alternatives is correct.

d. indent tool on the task tab

________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. Answers: a. Benchmarking b. Systems thinking c. Mind mapping d. Prototyping

a. Benchmarking

Select the most accurate statement with regards to the Critical Path Method (CPM). Selected Answer: a. It assumes that activities are independent of one another, with clearly defined start and finish dates. b. It allows us to investigate the effects of uncertainty of activity times on project completion times. c. It uses the variance in the critical path activities to evaluate the risks associated with project completion times. d. It accounts for the interruptions that may affect an activity between the start and the finish times.

a. It assumes that activities are independent of one another, with clearly defined start and finish dates.

________ reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable (unknown unknowns). Answers: a. Management b. Financial c. Baseline d. Contingency

a. Management

________ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system. Answers: a. Pareto charts b. Control charts c. Tracking Gantt charts d. Tracking Gantt charts

a. Pareto charts

________ means that a product can be used as it was intended. Answers: a. Critical chain scheduling b. Fitness for use c. Free slack d. Conformance to requirements

b. Fitness for use

________ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product. Answers: a. Reliability b. Maintainability c. Functionality d. Performance

b. Maintainability

________ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. Answers: a. Cost of capital b. Net present value c. Cash flow d. Payback e. Both c. and d. are correct.

b. Net present value

Estimating processes occur within what process group, what lifecycle phase? Answers: a. Initiating b. Planning c. Executing d. Monitoring and controlling e. Closing

b. Planning

________ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements. Answers: a. Rework b. Process adjustments c. Decomposition d. Acceptance decisions

b. Process adjustments

________ involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual material resources or work items over time. Answers: a. Life-cycle costing b. Project cost budgeting c. Reserve analysis d. Earned value analysis

b. Project cost budgeting

________ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions. Answers: a. Performance b. Reliability c. Maintainability d. Functionality

b. Reliability

Which of the following lifecycle models would you use if the requirements are unknown and/or unstable? Answers: a. Waterfall b. Scrum c. Extreme d. Spiral e. Iterative

b. Scrum

________ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection. Answers: a. Fitness for use b. Statistical sampling c. System testing d. Conformance

b. Statistical sampling

Katniss Everdeen hates assumptions, but understands they're necessary sometimes. Choose the statement that is an assumption made by the critical path method (CPM)? Answers: a. Activities are dependent on each other, without clearly defined start and finish times. b. The activity time estimates are accurate and stable. c. The project network defines a tentative work sequence that can be changed anytime during the project. d. Activities are interrupted many times before completion.

b. The activity time estimates are accurate and stable.

Which of the following dictates the duration of any project? Answers: a. The shortest path through the project network b. The longest path through the project network c. The average durations of all the paths through the network d. None of these alternatives is correct.

b. The longest path through the project network

Which is more expensive and costly to the firm? Answers: a. Over-estimation b. Under-estimation

b. Under-estimation

If your team's task was to develop an AI pattern recognition engine based on King Sung Fu's formulas/algorithms developed 40 years ago, which model would you likely use? Answers: a. Agile b. Waterfall c. Extreme d. Scrum e. Iterative

b. Waterfall

The advantage that a PERT representation of a project schedule over a CPM representation is that a PERT representation ________. Answers: a. is easier to calculate b. calculates probabilities of completing milestones by their completion dates c. gives automatic valuations of ES, EF, LS, LF and SLACK d. enables fast determination of total project duration and the critical path

b. calculates probabilities of completing milestones by their completion dates

A ________ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time or by sample number. Answers: a. Six Sigma chart b. control chart c. statistical sampling chart d. Pareto chart

b. control chart

In ProjectLibre, the tool that is used to establish sequencing among the activities is the ________. Answers: a. indent arrow on the task tab b. link tool on the task tab c. assign resources tool on the task tab d. insert tool under the task tab e. Both a. and c. are correct.

b. link tool on the task tab

Seven activities are to be considered for this problem. Additional information about these activities such as their activity time and immediate predecessors are included in the table that follows. Use this information to figure out the earliest completion time for this project using a Gantt chart. Activity Immediate Predecessor(s) Activity Time(in weeks) A None 1 B None 1 C A 4 D B 5 E C, D 5 F E 3 G F 4 Answers: a. 20 weeks b. 16 weeks c. 18 weeks d. 14 weeks

c. 18 weeks

The total effort for a project is calculated to be 24 person-months. Eight capable persons are assigned to the project. There is no mandatory or other sequencing required in the project. What is its total duration likely to be? Answers: a. 12 months b. 8 months c. 3 months d. 24 months e. 6 months

c. 3 months

How many function points does it take to equal a person-month in terms of effort? Answers: a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 7

c. 5

________ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements. Answers: a. Reliability b. Fitness for use c. Quality d. Conformance to requirements

c. Quality

5 out of 5 points ________ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations. Answers: a. An acceptance decision b. Validation c. Rework d. A process adjustment

c. Rework

Which of the following is not one of the three categories of project constraints? Answers: a. Physical b. Technical c. Time d. Resource e. All of these alternatives are correct.

c. Time

Which of the following is not one of the three purposes for estimation? Answers: a. Far-out Strategic Planning (5 years out) b. Budgetary (2 years out) c. WAG d. Definitive (immediately before execution and used within execution) e. Both b. and c. are not purposes for estimation.

c. WAG

A ________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. Answers: a. work package b. WBS dictionary c. WBS d. scope statement e. cost account

c. WBS

A sky crane that Joshua needs on his project has been scheduled on another project. This is a ________ constraint. Answers: a. materials b. working capital c. equipment d. people e. information

c. equipment

________ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users. Answers: a. Yields b. Metrics c. Outputs d. Features

d. Features

5 out of 5 points ________ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function. Answers: a. Maintainability b. Validity c. Reliability d. Functionality

d. Functionality

Which of the following is not one seven processes that make up the PMBOK knowledge area known as time (schedule) management? Answers: a. Sequence activities b. Plan schedule management c. Define activities d. Monitor activities e. Control activities

d. Monitor activities

A ________ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed) and has infinite tails. Answers: a. Beta distribution b. Poisson distribution c. Exponential distribution d. Normal distribution e. Rectangular distribution

d. Normal distribution

The purpose of crashing is to ________. Answers: a. Reduce task cost b. Reduce project cost c. Improve product quality d. Reduce project duration, given a crashing budget e. None of the alternatives is correct

d. Reduce project duration, given a crashing budget

Which of the following lifecycle models is a predictive one? Answers: a. Scrum b. Iterative c. Agile d. Waterfall e. Extreme

d. Waterfall

ProjectLibre can do its scheduling from ________. Answers: a. the project start date b. the project stop date c. the project initiate date d. All of the alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

e. Only a. and b. are correct.

The ________ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and rolling up costs for measuring project performance. Answers: a. human resource management plan b. project charter c. cost management plan d. scope statement e. work breakdown structure

e. work breakdown structure

Suppose you wanted to start task BB five days after task AA started. How would you do this in ProjectLibre? Answers: a. Place task AA in a finish/start relationship with its predecessor BB with a lag of five days. b. Place task AA in a finish/finish relationship with its predecessor BB with a lag of five days. c. This is impossible in ProjectLibre. d. Place task BB in a finish/start relationship with its predecessor AA with a lag of five days. e. Place task BB in a start/start relationship with its predecessor AA with a lag of five days.

e. Place task BB in a start/start relationship with its predecessor AA with a lag of five days.

he district magistrate of Arkham City has decided to rebuild the busiest road in the city. She plans to close the street for the duration of the work, causing immense inconvenience to the people who typically use the road. The project has 3 parallel paths defined as the following: Path A-B-C-H will take 16 days. Path A-D-E-H will take 22 days. Path A-F-G-H will take 30 days. Given the information on hand, which of the following statements is true? a. Path A-F-G-H is the critical path. b. The expected duration of the project is 68 days. c. Path A-D-E-H has the largest slack time. d. Activities B, D, and F have an earliest starting time of 0.

a. Path A-F-G-H is the critical path.

________ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use. Answers: a. Performance b. Maintainability c. Functionality d. Reliability

a. Performance

Which of the following is not something that we ordinarily estimate? Answers: a. Quality b. Resources c. Time d. Cost e. Both b. and c. are correct.

a. Quality

Which of the following is not something that we ordinarily estimate? Answers: a. Quality b. Resources c. Time d. Cost e. Both b. and c. are correct.

a. Quality

Which of the following estimates is typically used for making decisions two to five years out? Answers: a. Strategic estimation b. Estimation c. Accommodation of the customer d. Definitive estimation e. Budgetary estimation

a. Strategic estimation

Which of the following costs has to do with appraisal? Answers: a. Testing and inspection costs b. Interviewing costs c. Training costs d. Rework costs e. Liability costs

a. Testing and inspection costs

What is the main goal of project cost management? Answers: a. To complete a project within an approved budget b. To ensure that an organization's money used wisely c. To complete a project for as little cost as possible d. To provide truthful and accurate cost information on projects

a. To complete a project within an approved budget

According to Larson and Gray chapter 8, cost estimates are not a budget until ________. Answers: a. budgets have been time-phased b. resources have been assigned c. costs have been determined d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

a. budgets have been time-phased

The purpose of top-down estimation is not for ________. Answers: a. definitive purposes b. budgetary purposes c. strategic purposes d. planning purposes e. accuracy purposes

a. definitive purposes

All of the following are part of the Agile Project Management model except ________. a. design up front b. self organized project teams c. high uncertainty d. flexibility e. embrace change

a. design up front

The best time to write the user acceptance test plan is ________. a. immediately after completing the requirements document b. at the beginning of the executing phase c. before you do integration testing d. at the beginning of the closing phase e. at the beginning of the planning phase

a. immediately after completing the requirements document

All of the following are categories of resource constraints except ________. Answers: a. information b. equipment c. people d. materials e. All of these alternatives are correct

a. information

A ________ is a standard of measurement in quality management. Answers: a. metric b. milestone c. matrix d. merge

a. metric

0 out of 10 points At the completion of an agile iteration a ________. a. new, bug-free functionality is developed/deployed to the customer b. a new piece of functionality is developed c. a new phase of the development lifecycle is completed d. All of the functionality associated with a product is developed. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

a. new, bug-free functionality is developed/deployed to the customer

Almost all knowledge areas have a ________ process and a ________ process. Answers: a. plan | control b. estimate | control c. plan | schedule d. plan | estimate e. estimate | schedule

a. plan | control

If resources are insufficient to meet peak demands, the resulting new schedule is termed ________. Answers: a. resource-constrained scheduling b. mandatory leveling c. allocation d. project resource adjustment e. time-constrained scheduling

a. resource-constrained scheduling

Payback occurs when ________. Answers: a. the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs b. the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one c. the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits d. the cumulative benefits are double the cumulative costs e. None of these alternatives is correct.

a. the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs

Traditional approaches to project management concentrate firmly on thorough planning ________. Answers: a. up front b. with the customer c. with the project team d. of the WBS e. None of these alternatives is correct.

a. up front

Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. Probability distributions for PERT activity durations are represented by use of the Beta distribution. b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be started. c. A forward pass through a project network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity. d. Crashing is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. e. Both a. and d. are false statements.

b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be started.

Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. Probability distributions for PERT activity durations are represented by use of the Beta distribution. b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be started. c. A forward pass through a project network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity. d. Crashing is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. e. Both a. and d. are false statements.

b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be started.

Iterations are short time frames ("time boxes") that typically last from ________. Answers: a. 7-12 weeks b. 1-4 weeks c. 1-4 days d. 4-7 weeks e. 1-2 weeks

b. 1-4 weeks

A typical amount to be added to budgets and schedules for such things as holidays, sick days, snow days, company meetings, training days, etc., is ________. Answers: a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20% e. 25%

b. 10%

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than ________ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. Answers: a. 13.4 b. 3.4 c. 34 d. 1.34

b. 3.4

The average duration of a task whose optimistic time is 20 and whose most likely time is 30 and whose pessimistic time is 100 is ________. Answers: a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 60 e. None of these alternatives is correct.

b. 40

When marketing promised a new software product to an external client that is called ________. Answers: a. Budgetary estimation b. Accommodation of the customer c. Definitive estimation d. Strategic estimation e. Estimation

b. Accommodation of the customer

Which of the following is not part of the Agile Alliance manifesto that declared four core values? Answers: a. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation. b. Creating an end user survey. c. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools. d. Working software over comprehensive documentation. e. Responding to change over following a plan.

b. Creating an end user survey.

Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables? Answers: a. Estimating activity durations b. Defining activities c. Controlling schedule d. Developing the schedule e. Sequencing activities

b. Defining activities

________ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process. Answers: a. Crashing b. Design of experiments c. Backward pass d. Activity-on-arrow

b. Design of experiments

Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type. b. Duration and effort are synonymous terms. c. A three-point estimate in PERT includes an optimistic, a most likely, and a pessimistic estimate. d. A Gantt chart is a common tool for displaying project schedule information on a timeline. e. Both b. and d. are false statements.

b. Duration and effort are synonymous terms.

Which PMBOK activity is responsible for determining activity resource requirements, and for determining a resource breakdown structure? Answers: a. Estimate activity durations b. Estimate activity resources c. Develop schedule d. Define activities e. Plan schedule management

b. Estimate activity resources

Joshua needs to order concrete needed to continue his project. The concrete is needed now. However, the supplier won't be able to deliver it until next week. This is an example of a ________ constraint. Answers: a. working capital b. materials c. equipment d. people e. information

b. materials

By default ProjectLibre assumes unspecified task durations are ________. Answers: a. zero duration b. one day in duration, followed by a ? c. one unit in duration, followed by a ? d. simply a ? e. Both a. and d. are correct.

b. one day in duration, followed by a ?

5 out of 5 points The ________ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling. Answers: a. quality planning b. quality control c. quality certification d. quality assurance

b. quality control

Delaying certain activities that have slack so as to lower peak demand on resources is known as ________. Answers: a. effectiveness b. resource smoothing c. shifting d. allocation e. manipulating

b. resource smoothing

According to Larson and Gray chapter 8, project network times are not a schedule until ________. Answers: a. budgets have been time-phased b. resources have been assigned c. costs have been determined d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

b. resources have been assigned

5 out of 5 points As a rule of thumb, the time to design, document and code a module equals ________. Answers: a. the time to analyze it b. the time to test it c. the time to integrate it d. the time to conceptualize it e. None of these alternatives is correct.

b. the time to test it

Cost is a resource ________. Answers: a. that is usually reported on project b. to balance against schedule and scope c. best shown by the project schedule d. Both b. and c. are correct. e. None of these alternatives is correct.

b. to balance against schedule and scope

Top-down estimation is often also referred to as ________. Answers: a. low-level developer estimation b.analogous estimation c. definitive estimation d. budgetary estimation e. ubiquitous estimation

b.analogous estimation

Which of the following rules is part of the crashing heuristic? Answers: a. Crash only non-critical activities b. Pick the un-crashed activity with the largest crash cost per day as the next activity to crash c. Always crash the activity to its minimum duration if there is sufficient budget to do so d. All of these alternatives are legitimate crashing rules. e. Only a. and b. are legitimate crashing rules.

c. Always crash the activity to its minimum duration if there is sufficient budget to do so

________ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications. Answers: a. Benchmarking b. Fitness for use c. Conformance to requirements d. Project feasibility

c. Conformance to requirements

________ is a planning process that is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area. Answers: a. Developing a project management plan b. Quality planning c. Creating of a WBS d. Cost estimating e. Schedule development

c. Creating of a WBS

________ costs are things like resource hourly rates. Answers: a. Sunk b. Intangible c. Direct d. Indirect e. Tangible

c. Direct

5 out of 5 points ________ costs are costs related to the amount of time and resources allocated to completion of the project, whereas ________ costs are such items as overhead, pension and healthcare plans, etc. Answers: a. Indirect | junk b. Direct | sunk c. Direct | indirect d. Sunk | indirect e. Indirect | direct

c. Direct | indirect

In ProjectLibre, by default any link between tasks (activities) is assumed to be ________. Answers: a. Start-to-Finish b. Start-to-Start c. Finish-to-Start d. There is no default setting in ProjectLibre. e. Finish-to-Finish

c. Finish-to-Start

5 out of 5 points You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent? Answers: a. Start-to-start b. Finish-to finish c. Finish-to-start d. Start-to-finish e. None of these alternatives is correct.

c. Finish-to-start

0 out of 5 points Which of the following is a good condition for bottom-up estimating? Answers: a. Strategic decision making b. Internal, small project c. Fixed price contract d. High uncertainty e. Both c. and d. are good conditions for bottom-up estimating.

c. Fixed price contract

As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. Further, you decide that testing of a module (an object, class) will not commence until the entire module has been coded and compiled. What type of dependency is this? Answers: a. Internal b. External c. Mandatory d. There is no dependency. e. Discretionary

c. Mandatory

You are preparing a cost estimate for a building based on its location, purpose, number of square feet, and other characteristics. What cost estimating technique are you using? Answers: a. Top-down b. Analogous c. Parametric d. Bottom-up

c. Parametric

5 out of 5 points As discussed in class, the cost to fix a defect ________ over time and becomes exorbitant once the defect ________. Answers: a. decreases linearly | is found b. increases linearly | 'walks out the door' c. increases exponentially | 'walks out the door' d. decreases exponentially | is found e. Both a. and c. are correct.

c. increases exponentially | 'walks out the door'

A big picture view of the cost of a project over its entire existence is ________. Answers: a. cost account b. JAD costing c. life cycle costing d. networking view e. WBS

c. life cycle costing

If the time units are months, duration is measured in ________ whereas effort is measured in _______. Answers: a. dollars, month-dollars b. man-months, month c. months, man-months d. month-dollars, dollars e. None of the alternatives is correct.

c. months, man-months

5 out of 5 points Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the ________ process. Answers: a. performing quality assurance b. controlling quality c. planning quality management d. quality certification

c. planning quality management

When creating a software package, the software must be designed, the code must be written, and then the code must be tested. This is an example of a ________ constraint. Answers: a. physical b. time c. technical d. resource e. schedule

c. technical

The best time to do crashing is ________. Answers: a. towards the end of the closing phase b. towards the end of the executing phase c. towards the end of the planning phase d. towards the end of the initiating phase e. towards the end of the monitoring phase

c. towards the end of the planning phase

Analogous estimating amounts to ________. Answers: a. bottom-up estimation b. expert judgment c. use of a past similar project d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only b. and c. are correct.

c. use of a past similar project

The implication of the cost of quality taxonomy discussed in class was to ________. Answers: a. spend more money on appraisal so as to incur less in the way of external costs due to bugs and software defects b. spend more money on prevention so as to incur less in the way of internal costs due to bugs and software defects c. spend more money on appraisal so as to incur less in the way of internal costs due to bugs and software defects d. spend more money on prevention so as to incur less in the way of external costs due to bugs and software defects e. All of these alternatives are correct.

d. spend more money on prevention so as to incur less in the way of external costs due to bugs and software defects

Rose leads the advertising of an innovative product, Teckos, just launched by her company. She has determined the advertising for Teckos is an individual project consisting of 7 activities. Information pertinent to these activities is included in the table that follows. Activity Immediate Predecessor(s) Activity Time(in weeks) A None 2 B None 2 C A 4 D B 5 E C 5 F D 2 G E, F 1 Using a Gantt chart, determine the earliest completion time for the project. Answers: a. 10 weeks b. 11 weeks c. 13 weeks d. 12 weeks

d. 12 weeks

Which of the following are discrete tasks which require resources and time, within the context of projects? Answers: a. Processes b. Schedules c. Value chains d. Activities

d. Activities

By default ProjectLibre makes which of the following assumptions about time? Answers: a. 8-hour days b. No work on Saturdays c. No work on Sundays d. All of the alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

d. All of the alternatives are correct.

Which of the following is false? Answers: a. Avoid using too many specific date constraints on tasks b. Only one task in a project should be entered without a predecessor. c. Only one task in a project should be without a successor. d. Always assign resources to summary tasks e. Avoid creating predecessor/successor task relationships between summary tasks

d. Always assign resources to summary tasks

When should inexperienced persons be used to estimate? Answers: a. When no one else is available b. When the project is new c. When there is no history database d. Both a. and c. are correct when taken together. e. Inexperienced persons should never be used to estimate.

d. Both a. and c. are correct when taken together.

Which of the following estimates is typically done two years before start of execution? Answers: a. Definitive estimation b. Strategic estimation c. Estimation d. Budgetary estimation e. Accommodation of the customer

d. Budgetary estimation

________ is a deterministic diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. Answers: a. PERT b. EVA c. Crashing d. CPM e. A Gantt chart

d. CPM

What kind of cash reserves are needed to accommodate holidays, sick days, snow days, company meetings, training days? Answers: a. Management reserves b. Budgetary reserves c. Unproductive days reserves d. Contingency reserves e. None of these alternatives is correct.

d. Contingency reserves

Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called ________. Answers: a. configuration management b. use case modeling c. weighted scoring model d. DMAIC

d. DMAIC

Which of the following statements is false? Answers: a. A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type. b. A three-point estimate in PERT includes an optimistic, a most likely, and a pessimistic estimate. c. A Gantt chart is a common tool for displaying project schedule information on a timeline. d. Duration and effort are synonymous terms. e. Both b. and d. are false statements.

d. Duration and effort are synonymous terms.

In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual tasks? Answers: a. Controlling schedule b. Sequencing activities c. Defining activities d. Estimating activity durations e. Planning schedule management

d. Estimating activity durations

Iterative development processes provide which important advantages ________. Answers: a. continuous integration, verification, and validation of the evolving product b. frequent demonstration of progress to increase the likelihood that the end product will satisfy customer needs c. Early detection of defects and problems d. a., b. and c. are correct. e. None of these alternative is correct.

d. a., b. and c. are correct.

When marketing informs the software development team that the product was promised to the customer on March 1st, that is a ________. Answers: a. target b. forecast c. due date d. commitment e. None of these alternatives is correct.

d. commitment

Estimation that is performed immediately before execution and often uses a bottom-up technique referred to as ________. Answers: a. budgetary estimation b. low-level developer estimation c. analogous estimation d. definitive estimation e. ubiquitous estimation

d. definitive estimation

Jennifer has been assigned to perform an environmental test but the chamber cannot hold all the equipment that she wants to test. This is an example of a _________ constraint. Answers: a. technical b. resource c. scheduling d. physical e. time

d. physical

The first process involved in project time management is ________. Answers: a. sequencing activities b. estimating activity durations c. defining activities d. planning schedule management e. developing schedule

d. planning schedule management

A project engineer has been scheduled to run the product system test at the exact same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of a ________ constraint. Answers: a. time b. physical c. technical d. resource e. scheduling

d. resource

The purpose of top-down estimation is for ________. Answers: a. detailed scheduling and budgeting purposes b. accuracy purposes c. budgetary purposes d. strategic purposes e. definitive purposes

d. strategic purposes

Money that has been spent in the past is known as a(n) ________. Answers: a. constrained cost b. direct cost c. lost cost d. sunk cost e. indirect cost

d. sunk cost

According to the central limit theorem, ________. Answers: a. the larger the sample, the near the mean of the sample is to the expected value b. the sum of a collection of normally-distributed random numbers tends toward a rectangular distribution c. the sum of a collection of random numbers is nonrandom d. the sum of non-normal random numbers tends toward the normal distribution e. the sum of a collection of noon-normal random numbers tends toward the beta distribution

d. the sum of non-normal random numbers tends toward the normal distribution

Which of the following is a potential future consequence of not considering the impact on the schedule of limited resources? Answers: a. Costly activity delays b. Costly project delays c. Difficulty in taking quick corrective action d. Only a. and b. are correct. e. All a., b. and c. are correct.

e. All a., b. and c. are correct.

In the Scrum Development Process a specific feature is ________. Answers: a. analysis b. design c. build d. test e. All of these alternatives are correct.

e. All of these alternatives are correct.

The purpose of placing a PROJECT summary task at the very beginning of the list of tasks in the entry table is to ________. Answers: a. see total project duration and total project cost on the top line of the entry table b. enable a collection of tasks to be predecessors to the PROJECT summary task c. make visible the milestones of the project d. create mini projects within the context of the larger PROJECT e. All of these alternatives are correct.

e. All of these alternatives are correct.

Which of the following is a typical problem associated with cost estimates? Answers: a. Estimates are done too quickly; estimates are off-the-cuff b. People lack estimating experience c. Human beings are biased toward underestimation d. Management desires accuracy e. All of these alternatives are problems associated with cost estimates.

e. All of these alternatives are problems associated with cost estimates.

A milestone in ProjectLibre is a task with ________. Answers: a. a finite duration b. a zero duration c. minimal duration/minimal cost d. a diamond icon e. Both b. and d. are correct.

e. Both b. and d. are correct.

4 out of 4 points In order to see total project duration and total project cost as well as meta-task durations and costs, it is recommended that you ________. Answers: a. include a project summary task as your first task under which all other tasks are subordinate b. insert a cost column in the Entry table c. replace the Entry table with the Resources view d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

e. Only a. and b. are correct.

5 out of 5 points To crash the critical path beyond the point where it is no longer critical is ________. Answers: a. to allow another path to become critical b. to waste money c. permissible by the rules d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

e. Only a. and b. are correct.

Question 19 5 out of 5 points The purpose of a far-out estimate (five or more years) is to ________. Answers: a. Determine economic feasibility b. Determine priority of the project c. Decide detailed absolute definitive cost and duration numbers d. All of these alternatives are correct. e. Only a. and b. are correct.

e. Only a. and b. are correct.

5 out of 5 points If you were trying to estimate the cost of a new project that was five years out from even being started, most likely you would be using ________. Answers: a. Top-down estimation b. Bottom-up estimation c. Analogous estimation d. None of these alternative is correct. e. Only a. and c. are correct.

e. Only a. and c. are correct.

Why is it necessary to enumerate every path when crashing a project? Answers: a. So as to determine the length of every path and to determine the critical path b. So as to determine which tasks are not critical c. So as to determine the effects on every path length from crashing a specific task d. So as to determine if the critical path has been crashed beyond the point where it is no longer critical e. Only c. and d. are correct.

e. Only c. and d. are correct.

________ is a probabilistic scheduling technique while ________ is deterministic, with ________ being most widely used in commercial software. Answers: a. CPM | PERT | PERT b. CPM | PERT | CPM c. CPM | CPM | PERT d. PERT | CPM | PERT e. PERT | CPM | CPM

e. PERT | CPM | CPM

Which of the following processes involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule? Answers: a. Activity sequencing b. Estimating activity resources c. Quality controlling d. Defining activities e. Planning schedule management

e. Planning schedule management

Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in ________ processes. Answers: a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling e. closing

e. closing

Cost or benefits that are easily measured in dollars are called ________. Answers: a. time-phased b. baseline c. time-adjusted d. intangible e. tangible

e. tangible

The distribution used in a PERT representation of a task duration is ________. Answers: a. the exponential distribution b. the normal distribution c. the Poisson distribution d. the uniform distribution e. the beta distribution

e. the beta distribution