PMP Certification Review-Ch 2
Governance
the framework within which authority is exercised in organizations.
The Governance of Portfolios, Programs, and Projects: A Practice guide describes what four governance domains?
1) Alignment 2) Risk 3) Performance 4) Communications
What are some examples of organizational knowledge repositories? (6)
1) Configuration management knowledge repositories 2) Financial data repositories 3) Historical information and lessons learned knowledge 4) Issue and defect management data repositories 5) Data repositories for metrics 6) Project files from previous projects
What are the two major categories of influences that can have a favorable or unfavorable impact on the project?
1) Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) 2)Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)
What three areas does the governance framework influence?
1) How objectives of the organization are set and achieved. 2) How risk is monitored and assessed. 3) How performance is optimized.
If a PMO acts an internal stakeholder and key decision maker throughout projects what actions will be taken (4)?
1) Make recommendations 2) Lead knowledge transfer 3) Terminate projects 4) Take other actions as required
What are the system factors that interact within an individual organization to impact the project operating in that system?
1) Management elements 2) Governance frameworks 3) Organizational structure types
What are Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) that are external to the organization (8)?
1) Marketplace conditions 2) Social and cultural influences and issues 3) Legal restrictions 4) Commercial databases 5) Academic research 6) Government or industry standards 7) Financial considerations 8) Physical environmental elements
Name ten organizational structure types.
1) Organic/simple 2) Functional (centralized) 3) Multi-divisional 4-6) Matrix (Strong/Weak/Balanced) 7) Project-Oriented 8) Virtual 9) Hybrid 10)PMO
What are Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) that are internal to the organization (6)?
1) Organizational culture, structure, and governance 2) Geographic distribution of facilities and resources 3) Infrastructure 4) Information Technology software 5) Resource availability 6) Employee capability
Determination of the appropriate organizational structure type is a result of the study of trade-offs between what two key variables?
1) Organizational structure types 2) How to optimize organizational structure types for a given organization
Organizational Process Assets (OPA)-2
1) Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization. 2) Organizational Process Assets (OPA) influence the management of the project.
What are the two categories of Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)?
1) Processes, policies and procedures 2) Organizational knowledge bases
What are some factors that make up the governance framework (7)
1) Rules 2) Policies 3) Procedures 4) Norms 5) Relationships 6) Systems 7) Processes
There are several types of PMOs in organization. Name three types of PMOs.
1) Supportive-project repository-low control 2) Controlling-moderate control 3) Directive-high control
What are 5 principles regarding systems?
1) Systems are dynamic. 2) Systems can be optimized. 3) System components can be optimized. 4) Systems and their components cannot be optimized at the same time. 5) Systems are nonlinear in responsiveness ( a change in the input does not produce a predictable change in the output).
Where do Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) arise from (5)?
1) The organization itself 2) A portfolio 3) A program 4) Another project 5) A combination of all of the above
Each of the four governance domains for portfolios, programs and projects has which four functions?
1) oversight 2) control 3) integration 4) decision-making
Being that there is no one governance framework that is effective in all organizations, how should the proper framework be determined?
A governance framework should be tailored to the: 1) organizational culture, 2) types of projects, and 3) needs of the organization in order to be effective.
Project Management Office (PMO)
An organizational structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs)
Conditions, not under the control of the project team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project.
Where do Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) originate from?
EEFs originate from the environment outside of the project and outside of the enterprise.
Do the functions of the four governance domains support stand-alone projects or projects operating within the portfolio or program environments?
Each function has governance supporting process and activities for stand-alone projects or projects operating within the portfolio or program environments.
Are Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) internal or external to the organization?
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) can be internal and/or external to the organization?
Are Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) considered as inputs or outputs to project management processes (specifically for planning processes)?
Environmental Factors (EEFs) are considered inputs because they may enhance or constrain project management options and outcomes.
Do Environmental Factors (EEFs) have an impact at the portfolio, program, or project level?
Environmental Factors (EEFs) may have an impact at the portfolio, program, or project level
Is the Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) first category of processes, policies and procedures updated as part of the project work?
No. Processes, policies and procedures are usually established by the Project Management Office (PMO) or another function outside of the project, and can be updated only by following appropriate organizational update policies.
Are Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) internal or external to an organization?
OPAs are internal to the organization and therefore, the project team members may be able to update and add OPAs as necessary throughout the project.
Are Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) internal or external to an organization?
Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) are internal to an organization.
Management Elements
The components that comprise the key functions or principles of general management in the organization.
Project Governance
The framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities in order to create a unique product, service, or result to meet organizational, strategic, and operational goals.
The PMO is the natural liason between what? (2)
The organization's portfolios/programs/projects and the organizational measurement systems.
Must projects supported/administered by the PMP be related?
The projects supported or administered by the PMO may not be related other than by being managed together.
What is the primary function of a PMO?
To support project managers in a variety of ways.
Is the Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) second category of organizational knowledge bases updated as part of the project work?
Yes. Organizational knowledge bases are updated throughout the project with project information.
System
a collection of various components that together can produce results not obtainable by the individual components alone.
Define what a component within a project or organization is.
an identifiable element within the project or organization that provides a particular function or group of related functions
Systems are typically the responsibility of ___________________________.
an organization's management
General Management elements are allocated within the organization according to its __________________ and _________________________________.
governance framework and organizational structure type selected
Are Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) inputs or outputs to project management processes?
inputs
The interaction of the various system components creates the _____________________________________ and ___________________________.
organizational culture and capabilities