PMP

bar chart is a term in project management that equates to a Gn___ chart. in a bar chart, horizontal bars represent lengths of ____ for schedule activities. a calendar of dates represents the ________________ (_) axis

Gantt chart / time / horizontal (X) axis

every process may be performed _______ than ____ time on a single project

more than one time on a single project

context diagram is the generic term for a use case diagram that shows systems and the "_____s" that interact with each system. each ____r may be a user or another system

"actors" / actor

the are _9 processes in project management

49

business documents are the inputs that include the ________________s case for the project and the __________s ______________t plan.

business case for the project and the benefits management plan

contract is a legal document that specifies the relationship between two parties. in project management, these two parties are most often referred to as ______ and _____r.

buyer and seller

affinity diagram is a visual tool that groups individual items into .....

categories

certified associate in project management (CAPM) is a project management credential created and managed by the project management institute. The CAPM is for anyone who works on a project, can demonstrate the required education, and can demonstrate an adequate understanding of the _____________ guide

PMBOK guide

change log is the list of all changes, whether or not they were requested, made to the project. the change log is used as an input to various processes ensure that the impacts of ___________s are properly reviewed and e____________

changes are properly reviewed and evaluated

Budgeted at Completion (BAC) represents what the project should ......

The planned (budgeted) amount for the total project. The BAC represents what the project should cost at the point it is completed if everything proceeds according to plan.

collocation is the act of physically locating on a project team in the same space or general area. collocation is used to break down distance barriers and facilitate team-building.a war room where all project team members work together is an example of a ______________

collocation

communications management plan is the component of the project plan that specifies ___________________n requirements and how those requirements will be addressed by the project. the communications management plan describes what communications will be provided, to whom, in what format, and how _______n

communication / often

contingent response strategies is a way of making a plan related to risk that only activates if certain _____________s occur

conditions

alternatives analysis is a data analysis technique used in several processes to identify multiple possible approaches to solving......

a problem

a process does or creates something ______________ and ____________ for the project

a process does or creates something necessary and valuable for the project

______________ is the act of approving the deliverable. this function is usually performed by the project manager and the customer or sponsor at the end of the project, project phases, or at predefined milestones. ________________ of the product, service, or result is formal

acceptance is the act of approving the deliverable.

audit is a structured review of the process and activities to evaluate which ones should be improved. the goal of audits is to improve both the _______________ of the products and the overall cost of __________

acceptance of the product and the overall cost of quality

_______________ed _____________ are deliverables that the customer has ___________ed as correct and complete. _____________ deliverables are the key output of the validate scope process

accepted deliverables are deliverables that the customer has accepted as correct and complete. accepted deliverables are the key output of the validate process

a_________ ______________es is an executing process focused on getting the right materials and the right people to work on the project at the right time

acquire resources is an executing process focused on getting the right materials and the right people to work on the project at the right time

Control Procurements is the monitoring and controlling process performed by the buyer to ensure compliance by the seller or other party. control procurements compares performance against terms and conditions specified in the contract to make certain that the seller meets his or her _______________l obligations. the seller's performance is typically rated or evaluated by the ___er and is communicated back to the ____er

contractual obligations / buyer / seller

control account manager is the individual responsible for the delivery of work contained in the ________l account to the scope, budget, and schedule

control account

________ also called schedule activity. an _________ is a task that must be performed in order to complete work on the project. _________ies are created by further decomposing work packages. under current guidelines, the primary difference between a work package and an __________y is that the work package is a component of the scope and describes some aspect of the deliverable, while an _______y describes the work that must be done in order to complete the work package. scheduled activities are first defined, then sequenced and estimated for duration

activity also called schedule activity. an activity is a task that must be performed in order to complete work on the project. activities are created by further decomposing work packages. under current guidelines, the primary difference between a work package and an activity is that the work package is a component of the scope and describes some aspect of the deliverable, while an activity describes the work that must be done in order to complete the work package. scheduled activities are first defined, then sequenced and estimated for duration

a______y attributes are the informational components that accompany each schedule activity. these may include information on dependencies, leads and lags, assignments, accountability, requirements, constraints, and assumptions

activity attributes are the information components that accompany each schedule activity

activity ___________es is the informational components that accompany each schedule activity.

activity attributes are the informational components that accompany each schedule activity

activity attributes may include information on de____________ies, leads and ___s, ______________ts, acc______________, re_____________, con____________s and ass___________s

activity attributes may include information on dependencies, leads and lags, assignments, accountability, requirements, constraints, and assumptions

contingency is also known as reserve, contingency is padding time and/or money to the project's schedule or budget to help manage overruns. contingency may or may not be communicated to project stakeholders, and it may be added at an _____y level, at any n___ on WBS, or even at an overall project level

activity level / node

activity list are the list of all s_________ activities to be per__________, de______ by decomposing the work packages into their schedule components. the activity list is a primary output of the De_______ Act__________ Pr________

activity lists aret he list of all schedule activities to be performed, derived by decomposing the work packages into their schedule components. the activity list is a primary output of the Define Activities process

activity on a_____ (AOA) is a type of graphical project network diagram where schedule activities are represented by lines with arrows. the lines are connected by n__es, usually represented by circles. AOA diagrams are seldom used in practice today and have been replance by AON

activity on arrow (AOA) / nodes

activity on ____e (AON) is a type of graphical project network diagram where schedule activities are represented by ____es (usually rectangles) and their interdependencies are represented by lines with arrows

activity on noe (AON) is a type of graphical project network diagram where schedule activities are represented by nodes...

adaptive is an _______ approach that values responding to ___________ over following a plan.

adaptive is an agile approach that values responding to change over following a plan

adaptive methodologies constantly seek solutions that deliver ______________ value to the ____________, and they recognize that the customer and the team's understand is likely to evolve and change with each deliverable

adaptive methodologies constantly seek solutions that deliver maximum value to the customer

agile is a way of managing project that embraces _____________y and breaks the project into very short ________es, referred to as it________s. agile methodologies empower the team and keep plans ____d and adaptable

agile is a way of managing projects that embraces uncertainty and breaks the project into very short phases, referred to as iterations. agile methodologies empower the team and keep plans fluid and adaptable

backlog is the list of user stories that are used in ____e projects. backlogs should be kept well-groomed, which means that they are ordered by _______ty, with the highest priority items kept at the ___ of the list

agile project / ordered by priority / kept at the top of the list

analogous estimating also known as "top-down estimating" an estimating technique that uses the hi____________ information from previously performed activities that are similar in nature to estimate the ______t, _____n, or c___ needed to complete an activity

analogous estimating also known as top-down estimating is an estimating technique that uses the historical information from previously performed activities that are similar in nature to estimate the effort, duration, or cost needed to complete an activity

arrow diagramming Method (ADM) is the method that produces activity on _____ (___) diagrams

arrow (AOA) diagrams

assumption log is a list of all ___________________s that are treated as true for the purposes of ____________g

assumption log is a list of all uncertainties that are treated as true for the purposes of planning

a change request are any requested changes to a documented ____________e. change request are typically only implemented once the ___pe, c____, Sc__________m or ______y is "baselined." since change requests are formal, before project baselines exist a less formal method is generally used. change requests are processed according to the change _________ system

baseline / scope, cost, schedule, or quality / change control system

benefit cost ration is the ratio of the expected ______________s and the anticipated ____s. a higher BCR is more desirable

benefits and the anticipated costs. The higher the BCR the more desirable it is

benefits management plan is the plan that communicates size of benefits to be realized by the project and when and how those __________s will be delivered

benefits will be delivered

bidder conference is a meeting for potential sellers to come and understand the work the are considering ________g on. in a bidder conference, all bidders are given the same information and are kept on a level playing field

bidding

control account is also known as a "c___ account," a control account is a node on the WBS where the scope, schedule, and cost are measured. control accounts contain one or more work packages and are used to measure e_______ed value. a project may have numerous control accounts placed on the WBS at nodes where it would be particularly meaningful to measure the e_____ed value of those parts of the project

cost / earned / earned

basis of estimates are the backup details showing how c___ or ___________le estimates were derived, where they came from, who was involved, what information was used, and what estimating technique was used

cost or schedule estimates

allowable costs are costs that are allowed under the terms of the contract. typically, allowable costs become relevant under certain types of _____-re______________ contracts where the buyer reimburses the seller's allowable costs. if there are non-allowable costs in a contract, the buyer is not obligated to reimburse the seller for these

cost-reimbursable contracts

control costs is the process to monitor and control project ____s to ensure they align with the ____. control costs is pro_______ to anticipate change and risk factors, as well as reactive to actual factors that affect project costs

costs / plan / proactive

progressive elaboration is an iterative approach where planning occurs in _________s rather than __ __nt. projects which use progressive elaboration typically do some planning, some execution,some monitoring and controlling, and then repeat that ______.

cycles rather than up front / that cycle

consensus is a group decision technique where the group agrees to support an outcome, even if the individuals do not all agree with the _________

decision

agreements are a document defining _____________s around the project or some component of the project, that has been accepted by both parties. it is helpful to think of agreements as _____________s

defining intentions / contracts

close project or phase is the closing process that administratively closes a phase or the overall project. in close project or phase, all final project documentation and project files are completed and lessons learned are _______________ed

documented

bottom-up estimating is a technique for estimating overall project d____________n, e______, or c___s by estimating the ________ levels of the schedule or work breakdown structure (WBS) and aggregating those numbers up to the summary nodes on the WBS. Botttom-up estimating is widely considered to be a relatively _________e, but often tedious, technique for estimating. this technique is the opposite of top-down or analogous estimating

duration, effort, or costs be estimating the lowest / accurate

cause-and-effect also known as an Ishikawa diagram, or a fishbone diagram. cause and effect diagram graphocally show the relationships between causes and ________s. they are primarily used in risk and ________y to help uncover the causes of ____S, p__________s, or _______s

effects / risks, problems, or issues

contingency theory is a theory by Fred Fielder that states that the set of skills and attributes that helped a manager in one environment may actually work against them in another _____________t

environment

brainstorming is a technique to gather ideas that involves getting ideas from many participants in a rapid-fire and non-judgmental environment. ideas are not ______________d until after they have been gathered

evaluated

application (exam) the application for the PMP or CAPM exam which requires the applicant to document an adequate combination of education and experience in project management. the application must be received and processed by the project management institute before the applicant is eligible to schedule his or her certification _______

exam

Activity Duration Estimates is the length of time an activity is ______________ed to take to complete. activity duration estimates are often expressed as a ______________y range

expected to take to complete / activity duration estimates are often expressed as a probability range

buffer is the _______ time or money added to the schedule or budget to allow for unanticipated overruns. buffers are useful since they allow for some slippage without affecting the overall _______e or _______t

extra time or money / affecting the overall schedule or budget

project is a _____-limited undertaking to deliver a unique pr____, s_____, or __________e. in this definition, "unique" means that is has never been performed by this organization before. Projects do not include ongoing operations, although they do need to consider them up front.

is a time-limited / product, service, or outcome

agile epic story is a large user story that may span multiple _________s, multiple P_______s, and even multiple ________s

iterations, multiple projects, and multiple products

compromise is a method of negotiating where both parties give up something in order to reach an agreement. compromise is considered to be _____-_____

lose-lose

checklist are any set of procedural ______________s used to ensure that product or component quality is achieved. Checklists are used in the manage q______y and control q_____y process

manage quality and control quality process

change control system are the procedures for evaluating and managing requested changes to the project. the system varies from project to project and from organization to ____________

organization

analytical techniques are a logical approach that looks at the relationship between ____________s and the factors that can ______________e them

outcomes and the factors that can influence them

___________s of one process often become the inputs to one or more other processes.

outputs

claim is an issue with performance against the contract brought by one party against another. claims could be made by the buyer against the seller for non-performance, or by the seller against the buyer for untimely __________nt. claims must be resolved before the contract can be properly ________ed out

payment / closed out

Control Account Plan (CAP) is the plan for how a given control account will be ___________ed and m___________. since each control account is a division of the overall project, each CAP functions essentially like mini-project plan for that division of work

performed and measured

program management office is the group within the performing ______________ responsible for establishing program standards, supporting with expert knowledge, and providing templates and rep____________ for organizational process assets and other historical information. the actual authority of program management offices varies according to organization and industry

performing organization / repository

most larger projects are broken down into units known as ___________s. _______s are typically carried out one after the other even though they can possibly have some overlap in real life

phases

activity resource requirements are the resources required to complete the activities in the activity list. typically these are ________l, ________n, and ___________________nal resources but do not include financial resources

physical, human, organizational resources but do not include financial resources

assumption is anything that is considered to be true while ___________g. Assumptions should always be documented and validated, and they are often closely linked to _____________s

planning / constraints

coach is an agile servant-leader role that exists to help the team follow the _________s and who works to help identify and remove any _____________es

process / obstacles

processes consist of only three types of ingredients: _______s, _____s & ______________s, and _________s

processes consist of only three types of ingredients which are inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs

collaboration is working together and sahring tools and information to create a work _________ or ______t.

product or result

communication channels are the number of possible formal or informal paths of communication on a _______t. the concept of communication channels is particularly helpful in understanding how the addition of a small number of people to a project team can complicate the project manager's job of controlling _________________ns. the formula for calculating communication channels is [n (n-1)] / 2 where n = the number of __________ in the communication ________

project / communication / people / communication model

charter is the document that formally starts the ________t. the charter typically is issued by the _______r and names the project manager. additionally, it may list the high-level project requirements, the high-level ______________nes, and a summary-level preliminary ___get. the charter is a formal document created in the Develop _________ charter process. it authorizes the project manager to expand organizational resources in order to accomplish the project objective.

project / sponsor / milestones / project charter

actual cost (AC) also referred to as actual cost of work performed (ACWP) is a term used in earned value management. Actual cost represents the amount that has been spent by the ******* up to a point in time. it is often contrasted with earned value to show the difference between the amount of value earned on the project (represented by earned value) and what was spent to earn that value (represented by the ____________ cost)

project up to a point in time / actual cost

benchmarking is using data from other ____________s, d________________s, or o_______________s to measure performance of the project or product

projects, departments, or organizations to measure

attribute sampling is a way of measuring _________ where the results for each item or attribute are evaluated to either true or false to represent whether or not the item met quality standards. contrast with variable sampling

quality

control quality is the monitoring and controlling process that focuses on work product ______y. control quality is different from manage quality in that control quality inspects actual ___k p_____s and tests them against requirements, while manage quality looks at the overall quality process to ensure that it is being followed and that it is working effectively

quality / work products

change control board is a group with formal responsibility for evaluating project change ________s. the change control board makes up a part of the over ___________ control system

requests / change control system

control resources is the monitoring and controlling process within resource management that makes sure the flow and usage of physical __________s line up with the resource ______________t plan

resources / management

closing processes is the process group, containing only one process, that focuses on closing out the project or an individual phase. this process group focuses on releasing r________es, delivering the ___________t, and gaining formal stakeholder approval

resources / product

burn rate is the rate at which the project consumes financial _____________s. the burn rate factors in any income the project ________________s. it represents negative cash flow. burn rates are often used by agile projects as a way to budget costs for planned interations

resources. / generates.

autocratic is a decision making technique where one person has authority and takes responsibility for making decision for the project or team. autocratic decision making can be an efficient way of reaching a decision; however, it commonly increases _____ related to the quality of the adoption of the ____________n

risk related to the quality and the adoption of the decision

collect requirements are a planning process in s_____ management that documents the _____________'s needs for the project. the resulting requirements documentation focuses on how the requirement, once it is built, will satisfy the underlying need or meet the opportunity that _______ it.

scope / stakeholder's / drove

baseline is the original approved _____e, c___, or __________le, plus all approved changes. baseline represent the approved plan, and they are especially useful for measuring how actual results deviate from the plan. it is important to remember that baselines can and typically do, ___________ throughout the life of the project as __________s are approved. baselines occasionally apply to other measured areas such as performance and quality.

scope, cost, or schedule / change / changes

change control is deliberately managing change to a project, whether that change is to the scope, ____t, s_____________, or ________ty baseline. in change control, change requests go through a formal process before they are approved or rejected..

scope, cost, schedule, or quality baseline

A constraint is any factor that limits the performance of a system and restricts its output. the most common constraints are s____, _______le, and c____, but they could be any factor such as the law, quality, weather, or resource availability. constraints and assumptions are often closely linked

scope, schedule, and cost

conduct procurements is the executing process in procurement management, where the seller responses are gathered, a seller is ________ed, and the contract is ________ed. conduct procurements will only be performed on projects that procure goods or services from __________ the organization, but on those projects it may be performed multiple times as needed

selected / awarded / outside

communication model are the formal paths of communication that will be used on the project. the traditional communication model involves a ______er, a r______r, and a m_____e, and both s_____r and r__________r have responsibilities as to how they act upon the message

sender, receiver, message, sender , receiver

communication is the act of accurately encoding ____ing, __________ing, accurately de________, and verify a message. communication between a sender and a receiver may be formal, informal, or written

sending / receiving / accurately decoding

backward pass is a technique used to calculate sl___, or f___t, that begins with the last node of a project network diagram and logically works __________d to the _____t. using the backward pass technique, each schedule activity's late start and late finish dates are _____________d

slack or float / backward to the start / determined

business case is the s______l, e___________, or business ____________s that justify undertaking this project or part of the project

social, economic, or business outcomes that justify

a control chart is a specialized chart used in _________al process control to help determine whether or not a process is in _______l. control charts are often associated with control ___ts, s________n limits, ____ns, st_______d deviations, and the rule of seven

statistical process / control limits, specification limits, means, standard deviations, and the rule of seven

conflict is the difference of opinion or agenda on a project among _____m ________ers or ___________ers. while not all conflict can be resolved to everyone's satisfaction, it is primarily the project manager's job to drive conflict resolution so that the project is not jeopardized

team members or stakeholders

activity resource estimates are the material and human resources that are expected to be required to ______________ an activity. resource estimates are often expressed as a __________________y range

that are expected to be required to complete an activity. / probability range

project calendar is a calendar that is specific to this ________t, factoring in the constraints of all participating organizations and geographical and demographic regions. Project calendars show which days will be working days and which ones will be non-working

to this project

contract change control system is the formal system for managing changes to the contract so that all changes are ________ed and pr___________, and all relevant parties are notified of the changes

tracked and processed

assumptions analysis is a review of the risks and an analysis of the factors that were treated as ____ for planning purposes to see if those are still _____

true for planning purposes to see if those are still valid

common cause is a reason contributing to a quality problem that is usually considered acceptable. common causes are looked at as un_____________, or if they are __________able, the cost of pre________n would not justify the benefit. contrast with special cause

unpreventable / preventable / prevention

control limits are the _____er and _____er limits, used in statistical process control, that determine whether or not a process is in _______l. _____er and _____er control limits are set at prescribed intervals and measured in standard deviations, above and below the _____n. As long as the data points fall between the control limits, the process is in control

upper and lower limits / control / upper and lower / mean