PoD - Reading Quiz

According to Dondis, the most important psychological as well as physical influence on human perception is man's need for...

Balance

What are the proven suggestions for developing consciousness of creative procedure and methodology?

C-FAWB constructive discontent, freedom from pride, ability to control habit, wholeness, belief in self and the ability to succeed

What media does McLuhan claim is most prevalent in the American South? "[They] become "fixed charges" on the entire psychic life of the community. And this pervasive fact creates the unique cultural flavor of any society."

Cotton and oil,

"CREATIVITY doesn't come free. It is not a gift or quirk of birth. Some people don't "just have it" while others do not. Nor does it come from luck or magic." According to the authors, where does creativity come from.

Creativity is a learnable behavior requiring steady and determined effort

Why does McLuhan use Cubism as an example of "medium is the message"?

Cubism Drops the illusion of perspective in favor of instant sensory awareness of the whole By seizing on instant total awareness, it announced that the medium is the message

Why does Papenak state that composing a mural, writing a concerto and baking an apple pie are all design?

Design is the conscious effort to impose meaningful order. Its the planning and patterning of any act towards a desired foreseeable end constitutes the design process.

While working at Xerox PARC In 1974, Tim Mott was working on the design of a publishing system that would allow people to manipulate entire documents, grabbing them with a mouse and moving them around a representation of an office on the screen. Users could drop them into a file cabinet or trash can, or onto a printer. One of the objects in the office was a desktop, with a calendar and clock on it, plus in-and out-baskets for electronic mail. This design was an early version of what?

Desktop

Which of the following best describes DiSalvo's meaning of "expression" as a dimension of a product:

Expression is not the form but the way form is made. How the materiality of the product is rendered by design. The manifestation of the product cannot be wholly separated from the designer

Tim Mott created this concept to learn about user needs, and was one of the very first people to apply rigorous user testing to the design of user interfaces. By describing a scenario to a user, like, "the mouse could be used to position a pointer on the screen and that the text would be on the screen." for the purpose of helping the test subject understand the concept.

Guided Fantasies

What example does Norman cite when he is describing the concept of "making products fail", today, known as planned obsolescence?

Henry Ford bought scrapped Ford cars and hap his engineers disassemble them to see which parts failed and which were in good shape to find what was in good share and redesign them to fail at the same time as the other parts

Xerox PARC was the first computer lab to integrate which two practices?

Human Computer interaction & participatory/Human centered design?

According to Dondis, Ideally visual forms should...

Ideally, visual forms should not be purposefully unclear; they should harmonize or contrast, attract or repel, relate or clash.

The crystal palace nicknamed "glass ark" first erected in 1851 at the Great Exhibition of London was an early example of:

Industrialized construction methods of the 19th century. the structure was built in 4 months. Parts where manufactured elsewhere and assembled on site. construction with prefabricated parts

DiSalvo uses a four-part criteria to describe the "dimensions of a product" Which is not one of the four:

MEFF Materiality, Expression , Form, Function

McLuhan believes that all human technology are...

Our technology is ahead of its time. If we reckon by the ability to recognize it for what it is. automation creates roles for people? Technology creates its own demand.

According to Vitruvius all buildings must satisfy three criteria, except:

STRENGTH, FUNCTIONALITY, BEAUTY

Gestalt Principles

Simplicity, figure-guard, proximity, similarity, continuance, symmetry, continuity, closure, common region, connectedness

Norman cites the development of the typewriter keyboard as an example of legacy inhibiting change. Which of the following was not a reason for the current design of keyboards:

THE REASON - legacy -prevent jamming in a typewriter -arrangement of keys was pretty efficient NOT THE REASON -slow typing speeds - inefficient arrangement of keys

Papanek feels that "The courses which the Bauhaus developed were excellent for their time and place, but American schools following this pattern in the seventies are perpetuating design infantilism." What aspect of the "function complex" is he using to make this argument:

Telesis

Henry Cole, an industrial designer in London, proposed holding the Great Exhibition in London where all nations could share their innovations. At the heart of his thought was the idea:

That designers should focus on the practical and functional aspects of design, to which he felt representative and decorative elements should be secondary Wanted to influence applied design. But most importantly: LEARNING TO SEE, SEEING BY COMPARING"

McLuhan's statement the "medium is the message" is best described by which statement:

The "message" of any medium or technology is the change of scale or pace or pattern that it introduces into human affairs. New scale that is introduced by our affairs

The Golden Ratio, based on a mathematical formula, was applied to human proportions in what well known work of art?

The Vitruvian Man

Which of the following is not a cause of Norman's concept of "featuritis"

The causes to featuritis are: - exisiting customers like the product but they want more capabilities -competing company adds more features so you add more to stay competitive -customers are satisfied but everyone already has one so you give people an incentive to upgrade

n Design of Everyday Things, Norman suggests that the end user is no longer the customer, in part to prevent leaks of the new developments to the competition, but also in part because customers may stop purchasing the current offerings if they are led to believe that a new, more advanced item is soon to come. Who does he say is the customer?

The distributors

Papanek describes the "function complex" as a balance between the inherent aspects of good design. Which of the following is not an aspect of the function complex?

The function complex: MUNTAA Method, Use Need, Telesis, Association, Aesthetics

What medium did McLuhan credit with the breakdown of feudal government in 17th C Japan?

The money economy

Disalvo states that a product is evaluated in two ways, objectively and subjectively. What is the practical application of these two viewpoints?

The objective view → when we regard a product as a distinct whole. The product is considered bounded and complete in itself. the subjective view -> multidimensional effort undergoing constant interpretation and reconstruction by both the designer and the public. In a practical application -> see how the product interacts with the people around it - shapes the relationship between the user and product, and product and environment. -By examining the product as a multidimensional subjective thing, we can identify how the dimensions of the product and their inner relations shape the possibilities of outer relations among people and between people and their environment

Which of these is a real-world example of Gestalt's Proximity theory?

proximity theory -> elements that are close enough together appear to be in the same group ie Shit Ake and F*ckering Lights

To describe the relationship of people to innovation Norman uses the quote "the more things change the more they stay the same". Which of the following does he not cite as an example:

social interaction, communication, music, food/eating?

"Figure ground" refers to the tendency of a visual system to:

tendency of visual system to simplify a scene into the main object we're looking at and everything else that forms the background. The perception of images by the distinction of objects from a background where they stand out

Which of the following best defines "The Gestalt principles of perception":

the gestalt laws are rules that describe how the human eye perceives visual elements. These principles show how complex compositions can be reduced to more simple elements. They aim to explain how the eyes perceive the shapes as a single united form rather than separate simpler objects

Papanek uses the "Last Supper" by Leonardo DaVinci as an example of the complexity of aesthetics by comparing it to a piece of wallboard that would also do the job of covering a wall. What does he say the "Last Supper" is not doing?

the last super is not operating as a work of pure art because the last supper had to fulfill other requirements of function, its use was to cover a wall. Pure art-> operate on a level of inspiration, delight, beauty, and catharsis