Police Admin ch6-8

Approximately __ percent of information is lost each time it is passed from one person to another.

25

Research shows that information conveyed through the grapevine tends to be accurate __ or more percent of the time.

70

Managers in criminal justice organizations spend at least __ percent of their workday in communication with others.

80

_______ is used to determine the appropriate leadership style in Vroom and Yetton's model.

A decision tree

A probation officer has a strong achievement need consistent with McClelland's theory about achievement. The following is consistent with this theory: The officer wants to solve problems through his/her own efforts The officer establishes goals that are not too easy and not too difficult The officer desires feedback in order to learn about their performance

All of above

Compared to most other public organizations, police and correctional organizations tend to be characterized by

Authoritarian forms of leadership

The extent to which a job provides a worker the liberty to schedule work and decide the procedure to complete it is

Autonomy

Telephone calls, email messages, and face-to-face meetings are all considered

Channels in the communication process

William Bratton, former head of both the New York City and Los Angeles Police Departments, had personality characteristics that allowed him to transform both organizations. His leadership, if driven by these characteristics, fits into the approaches

Charismatic leadership.

Supportive communication and other effective interpersonal skills can be grouped under the skill area of

Clan skills.

___________ behavior includes: A police sergeant expresses empathy toward subordinates, A chief prosecutor encourages two-way communication between himself and followers and A probation supervisor tends to his employees emotional needs

Consideration

There is no one best style of leadership; it depends on the situation" is a statement that sums up

Contingency/situational leadership

A leader scores high on both the concern for results and concern for people dimensions of the managerial grid. His/her leadership style would be classified as

Contribute and commit.

Maximum potential for miscommunication through nonverbal cues happens in

Cross-cultural communications.

A corrections department is asking inmates to evaluate the performance of correctional officers. This form of evaluation may be described as a

Customer/client appraisal.

A police officer is able (has a great record of accomplishment) and willing to perform the job. The sergeant should assume

Delegating style of leadership

Officer Watson is motivated to perform exceptionally well in order to get to leave the graveyard shift (one that he views as very undesirable) for another shift. This is

Escape or avoidance reinforcement

A police officer is motivated to perform her job effectively each day, in part, by her desire to earn praise from supervisors and maintain her reputation among coworkers. Her status in the minds of others is a prime motivator. She seems to be motivated by

Esteem needs

In a study of DUI arrest rates in Pennsylvania, researchers found that the __________________ of expectancy theory had the greatest influence on officer behavior.

Expectancy (capability/opportunity) component

A probation officer is deficient in preparing presentence reports because he does not know how to fill them out. He lacks the ability to achieve the desired level of performance. His lack of motivation stems from the factor

Expectancy associated with expectancy theory

The communication channel considered the top of the hierarchy of channel richness is

Face-to-face

A police officer responds to her sergeant's demands with a look of confusion indicating that she is not clear on the task. In this situation, the facial expression is best viewed as the

Feedback in the communication process

A police officer involved in a deadly force incident withholds information about his pre-incident fatigue in the official incident report. Effective communication is hindered by the barrier known as

Filtering or information distortion

Trait theories of leadership were most popular in the

First half of the 1900s

The job characteristics model proposed by Hackman and Oldham is comprised of

Five core job dimensions.

Members of a SWAT team accept, trust, and are loyal to their team leader. This suggests that the

Group atmosphere contingency is favorable for the leader

A police sergeant bases his style of leadership on the readiness level of followers. His approach to leadership fits

Hersey and Blanchard's contingency model

According to Fielder's contingency theory, a warden who scores high on the Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) scale will likely behave in

High in relationship but low in task behavior

The various units in a police department such as patrol, traffic, and investigations are interdependent. This interdependence requires .

Horizontal communication

Communication networks modeled after a chain, wheel, and circle are used to describe

Horizontal communication networks.

_____ are particularly relevant in learning organizations since they lack any significant hierarchy.

Horizontal communications

A police chief likes to view himself as a transformational leadership. He works to follow a high moral code and model appropriate behaviors for his force to emulate. He is trying to develop

Idealized influence

____ occurs when a sender alters messages to serve his/her own interest

Information distortion

A prison warden, upset with the warehousing of drug offenders, encourages subordinates to question the status quo and ask questions about current policies. He is trying to generate

Intellectual stimulation

A defendant is overwhelmed by his attorney's references to legal code numbers and statute paragraphs. He does not understand what these terms mean. The communication between these two parties suffers from the use of

Jargon

Cultural differences can alter the way people speak, including their talking speed, choice of words, and volume. This is referred to as

Linguistic style.

Vroom and Yetton's model of leadership is based on the leader's responsibility to

Make decisions

The scholar most closely associated with the hierarchy of needs is

Maslow

_______ theory expanded on earlier works by considering needs learned through experiences rather than just innate or inherent needs

McClelland theory

Acquire power and influence is __ an express purpose of organizational communication

NOT

Transactional leadership theories is ___ part of the group collectively known as "outstanding leadership theories".

NOT

Spontaneous communications, May dominate when formal channels are closed, and ____ are characteristic of the grapevine

Opportunistic

An inmate appears for his bail hearing with the court via video conferencing. This is a form of

Oral communication

A prison warden regularly consults with her staff regarding key policy decisions, soliciting their input and asking them to vote on major changes. This suggests that the warden's leadership style is, according to path-goal theory

Participative

A correctional supervisor informs a correctional officer that she is not meeting expectations when they meet during the annual performance appraisal period. This is an example of

Passive management by exception

For a prosecutor: ensure justice is served in each case - is most likely viewed as a subjective measure of

Performance

Sgt. Smith wants to offer motivators rather than tend to hygiene factors in order to improve the performance of her subordinates. According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, _________ is best considered a motivator

Personal Growth

An elected prosecutor is motivated by the desire to obtain power in order to boost his status. He wants power because it is a symbol and he enjoys it for its own sake. He is not interested in crime reduction. The prosecutor is motivated by

Personalized power

According to Maslow, the most basic human needs (the lower order needs) fall into

Physiological needs category

Workers are likely to be motivated when they perceive that the processes of assessing their performance, disputes, and grievances are fair. This statement best describes

Procedural justice theory

A drug treatment counselor is evaluated each year on the number of clients who stay drug-free for at least six months. This approach to evaluation best fits into the category of

Results

A police chief institutes a quota where officers must write 15 traffic citations each month. They will be evaluated each month on their performance. This type of appraisal is best considered a

Results approach

Alderfer's growth needs were similar to a part of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Part of Maslow's hierarchy is included in Alderfer's conception of

Self-actualization needs

A police trainer instructs recruits on the law, the tasks they are to complete, and the standards they are to uphold. He then allows them to ask questions in order to clarify expectations and further their understanding of the work. The trainer is using a

Selling style of leadership.

Reinforcement theory was proposed by

Skinner

According to path-goal theory , it is appropriate to engage in friendly _____ with new recruits who may lack confidence

Supportive behavior

A patrol officer rarely gets to see a case through from beginning to end. He/she conducts an initial investigation and then turns the case over to a detective who works to clear the case. This example suggests that the patrol officer's work lacks

Task Identity.

The knowledge and ability necessary to complete a task are referred to as

Technical skills.

Some factors in employee assessments are criticized for their inability to predict what a person does on the job and for being discriminatory. These factors generally fall into the category of

Traits

Transformational leadership can be considered an extension of

Transactional theories of leadership.

In expectancy theory, the desirability that a worker assigns to any anticipated outcome is referred to as its

Valence

A police officer prepares seeks a search warrant by typing up a probable cause affidavit. The affidavit is then passed to a judge. In this example, the affidavit is a form of

Written communication

The public defender tries to run a friendly office. He works to build relationships with all employees and is attentive to their needs. His leadership style, according to the managerial grid, may be described as

Yield and comply.

Anything that interferes with a clear communication process is called a

barrier (or noise).

Trait approaches to leadership assume that leaders are

born rather than made

When communication operates according to sequential tasks, the network is considered a

chain network

A judge yells at a probation officer for preparing an illegible presentence report. The poor handwriting in the report represents the

communication barrier of using an incorrect channel or medium

Studies conducted at Ohio State University identified the leadership behaviors of

consideration and initiating structure.

A correctional officer sits down for his annual review which involves a sergeant completing a worksheet , best illustrates a

formal performance appraisal

The greater the difference between the cultures of the sender and receiver in the communication process, the greater the probability of

miscommunication

Maslow's needs theory is not considered a process theory of

motivation

A training academy instructors trains new recruits on the legal code by communicating to them the relevant laws/statutes that they should be aware of. The training academy instructor, in this example, is the ______

sender in the communication process

In order to be most effective, communication feedback should be

specific rather than general.

According to research, viewing the mainstream news media positively influences attitudes toward the police and viewing nontraditional media such as talk shows negatively influences attitudes toward the police.

true

All communication channels have advantages and disadvantages.

true

Communication networks increase in complexity as the size of the group increases.

true

During the course of a raid, communication between SWAT team members suffered as excessive static overwhelmed radios. Within the communication process, this static can be viewed as noise since it interfered with the communication.

true

Email communications are low cost and convenient but do not allow for the transmission of verbal and nonverbal cues.

true

No single type of communication network will prove effective in all situations.

true

Research on forms of interpersonal communication has found that facial impact carries the most relative weight in communicating a message.

true

The social context in which communication takes place has an effect on the process.

true

The television show COPS has been found to produce negative views of the police among African-Americans but more positive views of the police among whites

true

A correctional officer is upset with the way shifts are scheduled. He decides to air a grievance with the correctional sergeant and provide feedback about the way the sergeant is scheduling work. The officer's communication is best considered

upward.

The following example is most consistent with the concept of ________________. "Narrow the task performed by a correctional officer but pay more wages for higher work, a task formerly reserved for supervisors"

vertical job loading.

A 911 dispatcher is the sole sender of messages to all police officers. While on patrol, officers communicate with the dispatcher who, in turn, relays messages to other officers. The officers do not communicate directly with one another. This illustrates a

wheel network.