POLIT CHAP 10

The Supreme Court extended First Amendment protections to the cinema in _____. a. 1915 b. 1949 c. 1952 d. 1987 e. 1997

a. 1915

In a 2013 poll by the Pew Research Center, _______ of respondents agreed that "press criticism of political leaders keeps them from doing things that should be done." a. 68 percent b. 75 percent c. 42 percent d. 39 percent e. 84 percent

a. 68 percent

Which of the following statements is accurate? a. Candidates typically assert that they use negative advertising because it works. b. Negative TV ads never work. c. The more negative the TV ad, the less likely it is to get free media coverage. d. Negative ads are less likely to focus on substantive political issues and thus they do a poorer job of informing the voters about important campaign issues than positive ads do. e. Negative TV ads are less likely than positive ads to grab the viewers' attention and make an impression.

a. Candidates typically assert that they use negative advertising because it works.

The _____ to the Constitution upholds the important role of a free press. a. First Amendment b. Second Amendment c. Third Amendment d. Tenth Amendment e. Fourteenth Amendment

a. First Amendment

_____ proved to be more devastating to newspapers, in the sense of declining circulation, than other forms of media. a. The Internet b. Radio c. Broadcast television d. News magazines e. Cable television

a. The Internet

. In a recent poll, ________ of respondents believed that the news media leaned left. a. 26 percent b. 46 percent c. 63 percent d. 58 percent e. 30 percent

b. 46 percent

____ is/are often criticized as being too brief and too superficial. a. Blogging qc. Talk radio d. Newspapers e. Citizen journalism

b. Television

The collection, analysis, and dissemination of information online by the citizenry is referred to as a. podcasting. b. citizen journalism. c. netroots. d. cyber campaigning. e. the blogsphere.

b. citizen journalism.

Candidates use _________________ to create newsworthy events for journalists and TV camera crews to cover. a. narrowcasting. b. managed news coverage. c. priming. d. citizen journalism. e. podcasting.

b. managed news coverage.

Online activists who support a particular candidate but are not controlled by the candidate's organization are known as ______________. a. hacktivists b. netroots groups c. bloggers d. web managers e. citizen journalists

b. netroots groups

The Internet, including e-mail and the World Wide Web, came into widespread use by the general public in the _____. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s e. 2000s

d. 1990s

Beginning in about _____, the number of adults reading a daily paper began to decline even though circulation remained steady due to population growth. a. 1990 b. 1980 c. 1970 d. 1960 e. 1950

e. 1950

Modern talk radio took off in the United States during the __________, after the __________. a. 1940s; creation of the Federal Communications Commission b. 1940s; passage of the fairness doctrine c. 1950s; repeal of the fairness doctrine d. 1980s; passage of the fairness doctrine e. 1990s; repeal of the fairness doctrine

e. 1990s; repeal of the fairness doctrine

. According to a Pew Research Center survey following the 2012 presidential elections, _________ of Americans said they went online for election news. a. 64 percent b. 36 percent c. 29 percent d. 53 percent e. 47 percent

e. 47 percent

For the 2012 election cycle, total spending on political advertisements reached about $__________billion. a. 2 b. 3.5 c. 5 d. 7.2 e. 9.8

e. 9.8

. The government of Great Britain banned commentator __________ from entry into that country due to his remarks about Muslims. a. Rush Limbaugh b. Glenn Beck c. Bill O'Reilly d. Sean Hannity e. Michael Savage

e. Michael Savage

. In 1800, an article describing Thomas Jefferson as having a "weakness of nerves, want of fortitude, and total imbecility of character" appeared in the Federalist Gazette of the United States. This is an example of a. a personal attack ad. b. an issue ad. c. managed news coverage. d. a sound bite. e. spin.

a. a personal attack ad.

The media's ability of the media to tell people what to think about means that the media are significant contributors to agenda setting. a. agenda setting. b. narrowcasting. c. podcasting. d. hyperlocalism. e. citizen journalism.

a. agenda setting.

Four of the top five talk-radio shows are politically a. conservative. b. progressive. c. libertarian. d. liberal. e. moderate.

a. conservative.

The media are a dominant presence in people's lives largely because they provide a. entertainment. b. leisure time. c. political information. d. government censorship. e. opportunity for financial gain.

a. entertainment.

In the news business, framing can mean a. fitting events into a familiar story or filtering information through preconceived ideas. b. determining which issues are considered to be important by politicians. c. narrowing the focus of news to the local area. d. news coverage that is manipulated by a political consultant to gain media exposure for a political candidate. e. promoting specific facts or ideas that may affect the public's thinking on related topics.

a. fitting events into a familiar story or filtering information through preconceived ideas.

The concept of freedom of the press a. is not always immediately extended to new types of media as they come into existence. b. has never been applied to print media. c. has not been extended to any form of media except print media. d. has not been extended to the Internet. e. has not been extended to cable television.

a. is not always immediately extended to new types of media as they come into existence.

It has been argued that, taken together, talk radio provides a great a. populist forum. b. opportunity for minority groups. c. danger to our freedom of speech. d. threat to the fairness doctrine. e. forum for balanced debate

a. populist forum.

About __________ of the public regularly listens to talk radio. a. 4 percent b. 17 percent c. 28 percent d. 41 percent e. 57 percent

b. 17 percent

The first televised presidential debate took place in a. 1952, between Eisenhower and Stevenson. b. 1960, between Kennedy and Nixon. c. 1964, between Johnson and Goldwater. d. 1968, between Nixon and Humphrey. e. 1972, between Nixon and McGovern.

b. 1960, between Kennedy and Nixon.

In a 2014 Gallup poll, ____ percent of respondents stated that they had "a great deal" or "quite a lot" of confidence in newspapers. a. 10 b. 22 c. 34 d. 50 e. 77

b. 22

Today, almost ___________ of the world's inhabitants use the Internet. a. 4 percent b. 40 percent c. 25 percent d. 37 percent e. 49 percent

b. 40 percent

Since 1996, the Commission on Presidential Debates has limited participants to a. candidates of the two major parties and one candidate from a third party. b. only candidates of the two major parties. c. candidates of the two major parties in the first debate, and one candidate from a third party in the second debate. d. only two candidates of any party at a time. e. three candidates at a time.

b. only candidates of the two major parties.

The Supreme Court extended First Amendment protections to the Internet in _____. a. 1978 b. 1984 c. 1997 d. 2001 e. 2008

c. 1997

During the 1930s, the nation's most successful radio commentator was _____, based in Royal Oak, Michigan. a. Rush Limbaugh b. Sean Hannity c. Father Charles Edward Coughlin d. Glenn Beck e. Bill O'Reilly

c. Father Charles Edward Coughlin

The infamous "daisy girl" ad appeared in which presidential race? a. Eisenhower-Stevenson (1952) b. Nixon-Kennedy (1960) c. Goldwater-Johnson (1964) d. Bush-Gore (2000) e. Obama-McCain (2008)

c. Goldwater-Johnson (1964)

The 1964 "daisy girl" ad is an example of a. a personal attack ad. b. a sound bite c. a negative issue ad. d. a podcast. e. citizen journalism

c. a negative issue ad.

Following World War II, _____ became the dominant form of communication. a. the Internet b. radio c. broadcast television d. print media e. cable television

c. broadcast television

Strictly defined, the term _____ means "communication channels." a. broadcast television b. blogosphere c. media d. citizen journalism e. social networking

c. media

In today's news culture, the move toward highly specific subject matter that appeals strongly to a limited number of people, ________, has become important on television. a. citizen journalism b. hyperlocalism c. narrowcasting d. participatory journalism e. personal commentary

c. narrowcasting

In the news business, hyperlocalism refers to a. the collection and dissemination of information online by independent journalists and the general citizenry. b. establishing the context in which an issue is understood. c. narrowing the focus of news to the local area. d. news coverage that is manipulated by a political consultant to gain media exposure for a political candidate. e. promoting specific facts or ideas that may affect the public's thinking on related topics.

c. narrowing the focus of news to the local area.

Candidates use ________ to focus on flaws in their opponents' positions on various issues. a. the backfire approach b. nuke ads c. personal attacks during debates d. bloggers e. negative issue ads

c. personal attacks during debates

A __________ is a political candidate's press adviser who tries to convince reporters to give a story or event concerning the candidate a particular interpretation or slant. a. narrowcaster b. primer c. spin doctor d. gyro guru e. a blogmeister

c. spin doctor

In 1987, the Federal Communications Commission repealed the fairness doctrine, which had required a. news outlets to allot the same amount of time to all candidates' campaigns. b. all broadcast media to employ an equal number of men and women. c. that all holders of broadcast liscenses present controversial issues in an honest and balanced manner. d. all radio stations devote the same amount of time to each side of controversial issues. e. journalists to sign a contract committing to non-partisan reporting.

c. that all holders of broadcast liscenses present controversial issues in an honest and balanced manner.

Rupert Murdoch's media holdings in the United States, which include __________, promote conservative politics. a. the New York Times and the CBS television network b. the Washington Post and the ABC television network c. the Fox television networks and the Wall Street Journal d. The Colbert Report on the Comedy Central channel e. CNN and MSNBC

c. the Fox television networks and the Wall Street Journal

. From its beginnings, radio has been a favorite outlet for ____________. a. the Democratic party b. traditional news reporters c. the political right d. the political left e. radical and extreme views

c. the political right

News directors select programming that they believe a. are the most pressing issues. b. contain the greatest amount of fact based information. c. will attract the largest audiences and garner the highest advertising revenues. d. will present the least liberal bias. e. will present the least biased information.

c. will attract the largest audiences and garner the highest advertising revenues.

2. In a 2013 Gallup poll measuring the public's confidence in various institutions, __________ of the respondents stated that they had a "great deal" or "quite a lot" of confidence in television news. a. 76 percent b. 51 percent c. 37 percent d. 23 percent e. 12 percent

d. 23 percent

In the context of news coverage, spin is a. an agenda-setting technique that establishes the context of a media report. b. advertising undertaken by or on behalf of a political candidate to familiarize voters with the candidate and his or her views on campaign issues. c. the distribution of audio or video files to personal computers or mobile devices. d. a reporter's slant on, or interpretation of, a particular event or action. e. an agenda-setting technique in which a media outlet promotes specific facts or ideas that may affect the public's thinking on related topics.

d. a reporter's slant on, or interpretation of, a particular event or action.

A very short televised comment that captures a thought or perspective with immediate impact on viewers is known as ___________. a. a blog b. a story fragment c. an opinion piece d. a sound bite e. a podcast

d. a sound bite

A Pew study has indicated that _____ reporters agreed that "increased bottom-line pressure is seriously hurting the quality of news coverage." a. nearly all b. about 30% of c. almost none of American d. about 66% of e. only 5% of

d. about 66% of

Some media scholars suggest that media bias plays a role in shaping presidential campaigns and elections. It is a bias a. that favors Democrats. b. that favors Republicans. c. against winners. d. against losers. e. against conservatives

d. against losers.

Increased Internet usage has a. caused most advertising revenues to go to aggregators, such as Google, lowering ad revenues for the news media. b. allowed the news media to tap into a new and wider audience for news. c. given the traditional news media a new source of audiences and profits. d. made the news media more responsive and accountable to citizens. e. encouraged the media to use personal political commentary more often.

d. made the news media more responsive and accountable to citizens.

The talk radio audience is predominantly a. male, middle-aged, and liberal. b. female, middle-aged, and conservative. c. male, young, and liberal. d. male, middle-aged, and conservative. e. female, young, and conservative.

d. male, middle-aged, and conservative.

9. In a recent study, Pew Research found that 64 percent of reporters in both national and local media applied the term ______ to themselves. a. liberal b. socialist c. conservative d. moderate e. independent

d. moderate

Television is the primary news source for __________ of the citizenry. a. only 17 percent b. about 38 percent c. nearly 55 percent d. more than 65 percent e. nearly 90 percent

d. more than 65 percent

Talk radio is sometimes characterized as the Wild West of the media because a. the leading shows are broadcast from western states. b. the audiences are larger in the West than in any other part of the country. c. talk-radio shows only air in the West. d. talk-show hosts often exaggerate their political biases for effect; no journalistic conventions are observed. e. the views that the most popular talk-show hosts promote are left (or west) of center

d. talk-show hosts often exaggerate their political biases for effect; no journalistic conventions are observed.

Today, at least half of the total budget for major political campaigns is consumed by __________. a. traditional face-to-face campaigning b. social media networking c. advertising placed on the internet d. televised political advertising e. arranging appearances on television programs

d. televised political advertising

The internet was created by a. the United States military. b. Al Gore. c. university researchers. d. the public at large. e. the World Conference of International Telecommunications.

d. the public at large. .

By 2014, the ad revenues of Google were ______ the revenues of the entire newspaper industry. a. equal to b. double c. only only 50 percent d. three times e. nearly five times

d. three times

When a journalist fits events into a familiar story or filters information through preconceived ideas, the journalist is engaging in the agenda-setting technique known as _____________. a. Hyperlocalism b. Podcasting c. Narrowcasting d. Framing e. Priming

e. Priming

. By publicizing some issues and ignoring others, the media is engaging in a. narrowcasting. b. hyperlocalism. c. managed news coverage. d. spin. e. agenda setting.

e. agenda setting.

Channels of mass media include all of the following EXCEPT a. newspapers b. television c. radio d. the Internet e. pamphlets

e. pamphlets

In the news business, priming refers to a. the collection and dissemination of information online by independent journalists and the general citizenry. b. establishing the context of a media report. c. narrowing the focus of news to the local area. d. news coverage that is manipulated by a political consultant to gain media exposure for a political candidate. e. promoting specific facts or ideas that may affect the public's thinking on related topics.

e. promoting specific facts or ideas that may affect the public's thinking on related topics.

Podcasting can best be defined as a. establishing the context of a media report. b. spinning a story or an event in a way that is favorable to a political candidate. c. narrowing the focus of news to the local area. d. managing news coverage to gain media exposure for a political candidate. e. the distribution of audio or video files to personal computers or mobile devices such as smartphones

e. the distribution of audio or video files to personal computers or mobile devices such as smartphones