political exam 3

What is the ideal number of respondents for an accurate poll of a large number of people? a. 250 b. 500 c. 1000 d. 1500 e. 2000

1500

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2008 update, when will the world's population reach 9 billion? a. 2020 b. 2030 c. 2040 d. 2050 e. 2060

2040

Which of the following is NOT correlated positively with higher levels of education? a. Awareness of the government's impact on the individual b. Interest in following the news c. A desire to discuss politics with a variety of people d. A greater sense of national identity and attachment e. A tendency to believe that one can influence the government

A greater sense of national identity and attachment

What is the focus of the Doha Round of trade negotiations? a. Manufacturing protectionism b. Intellectual property rights c. Agricultural protectionism d. Steel tariffs e. Balancing economic and environmental concerns

Agricultural protectionism

The Greeks felt that citizenship was more than just an accident of birth. What was the vital core of Greek citizenship? a. Understanding and participating in complex political issues b. Voting and participating as needed c. Caring about the public affairs of your community d. Making your political voice heard and your views known to everyone in your community e. All of the above

All of the above

What did eighteenth-century British writer and legislator Edmund Burke believe? a. That elected officials should act as trustees for their constituents b. That while representatives must pay careful attention to public opinion, they must also maintain their independence of thought and action c. That a natural aristocracy, made up of the best and brightest, should govern d. That the trustee theory of representation worked e. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following has been dominated by a one-party system in the past? a. Mexico b. Japan c. Taiwan d. India e. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements regarding political socialization is true? a. The family is the primary influence in the formation of individual values. b. Lower-class children tend to be inadequately informed about politics. c. Middle- and upper-class children are more likely to become politically involved than children from lower-class families. d. Some people may never be completely or successfully socialized. e. All of the above

All of the above

Who, or what, defines what a "good citizen" is? a. Law b. Regimes c. Rulers d. All of the above e. None of the above

All of the above

What institutions and influences affect how responsible our children grow up to be? a. Friends and family b. Legal system c. Religious upbringing d. Education process e. All of these

All of these

Why does America lack political efficacy? a. Americans are more disciplined. b. Americans are ideologically distinct. c. American policies are more people-oriented. d. Americans are less self-assured and apathetic. e. Americans don't align with political parties enough.

Americans are less self-assured and apathetic.

What were the nationwide street demonstrations against the Vietnam War in the late 1960s and early 1970s an example of? a. Non-associational interest groups b. Institutional interest groups c. Anomic interest groups d. Private interest groups e. Public interest groups

Anomic interest groups

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good leader? a. Intelligence b. Arrogance c. Intuition d. Humility e. Inspiration

Arrogance

What kind of political system defines citizenship simply in terms of a person living within a state's borders? a. Democratic political systems b. Authoritarian political systems c. Totalitarian political systems d. Elitist political systems e. All of the above

Authoritarian political systems

Which of the following were better leaders after they got out of political office? a. Jimmy Carter b. Vaclav Havel c. Al Gore d. Both A and B e. Both A and C

Both A and B

Which of the following is NOT among the factors Kant used to describe "citizens"? a. Citizens need only obey laws to which they consent. b. Citizens enjoy economic equality. c. Citizens enjoy civil equality. d. Both A and B e. Both A and C

Both A and C

What is the "key" variable of nation-building? a. Agricultural expansion b. Identification of a common, external enemy c. Charismatic leadership d. Economic leadership e. All of the above

Charismatic leadership

Which of the following is NOT an achievement India has made since independence? a. Civilian control over the military b. Reduced poverty by more than half c. Become one of the fastest growing economies in the world d. Maintained a parliamentary democracy e. Dramatically improved literacy and health care delivery

Civilian control over the military

What is the "root cause" of the worst problems facing developing nations? a. Poor public services b. Endemic poverty c. Corruption d. Disease e. Potable water

Endemic poverty

Which of the following is NOT an economic correlate of democracy? a. Access to knowledge and information b. Equality of economic resources c. A middle class d. A market or mixed economy e. National wealth

Equality of economic resources

What could happen to the idea of excellence in leadership during this Age of Equality? a. It could be dismissed and debunked as elitist. b. It could fade away and never return. c. We could end up with too many chiefs and not enough Indians. d. Excellence could be downgraded to mediocrity. e. None of the above

Excellence could be downgraded to mediocrity.

What term do we use to describe the founders of nations and governments? a. Citizen leaders b. Exceptional leaders c. Demagogues d. Trustees e. Politicos

Exceptional leaders

What is a characteristic of the ideal leader? a. Exhibits statesmanship b. Always tell the public the truth c. Exhibits practical wisdom d. Both A and C e. Both B and C

Exhibits statesmanship

What is the need for solving the nation-building problem of distribution? a. Extremes of wealth and poverty lead to a sense of injustice, which leads to mass revolts. b. Failure results in too much supply, and no demand, which leads to a depression. c. The solution to distribution is in the negotiations, which leads to self-satisfaction. d. Both A and C e. All of the above

Extremes of wealth and poverty lead to a sense of injustice, which leads to mass revolts.

What did Douglass Adair think was the main motivator of our Founding Fathers? a. Fame b. Fortune c. Liked to solve problems d. For fun e. Self-interest

Fame

Traditional societies often face which impediments to development? a. Fatalism b. Excessive risk-taking. c. Excessive social mobility d. Lack of skepticism about the motives of foreign developers e. Unreasonably high expectations concerning one's ability to shape one's destiny

Fatalism

Which of the following would NOT be considered a demagogue? a. Huey Long b. Joseph McCarthy c. Aaron Burr d. Franklin Roosevelt e. Theodore Bilbo

Franklin Roosevelt

Subject to interpretation, what is arguably the most important word in any language? a. Yes b. Evil c. No d. Good e. None of the above

Good

Which of the following countries is considered to be the poorest in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the poorest in the world? a. Nigeria b. Somalia c. Afghanistan d. Haiti e. Zimbabwe

Haiti

Why was Betancourt so successful in Venezuela? a. He pushed for his progressive policies to help the people. b. He sided with the army, which backed him to the hilt. c. He charmed everyone with his charisma. d. He paid off all his adversaries. e. He never got caught.

He pushed for his progressive policies to help the people.

Which is NOT true about Aaron Burr? a. He shot Alexander Hamilton. b. He served as governor of Virginia. c. He plotted to kill Thomas Jefferson. d. He served as vice-president. e. He was tried for treason.

He served as governor of Virginia.

Which country is adding 14 million new workers every year, about 25 percent of the world's new workers? a. China b. Brazil c. India d. Russia e. Nigeria

India

Where does the "essence of citizenship" come from? a. Human rights b. Morality c. Religion d. Individual rights e. Culture

Individual rights

Although opposed to slavery, Lincoln knew that an outright ban would not work, so what did he try to do instead? a. Initiated a program of weaning the south off slavery b. Asked for each state to propose their own plan c. Used intimidation tactics, which backfired d. Initiated a policy of no slavery in any new territory e. Was waiting for Congress to intervene

Initiated a policy of no slavery in any new territory

What is the problem when corrupt and mediocre politicians become the norm? a. It opens the door for great leaders to emerge. b. It creates a self-fulfilling prophecy where only corrupt and mediocre candidates run for office. c. It causes everyone to be corrupt. d. It cancels all types of motivation. e. All of the above

It creates a self-fulfilling prophecy where only corrupt and mediocre candidates run for office.

Why don't we use torture more often to get confessions from suspects? a. America's religions specifically forbid torture. b. It is against our moral code. c. The cost is excessive. d. It is hard to get elected on a torture platform. e. All of the above

It is against our moral code.

Which of the following is a major criticism of the winner-take-all electoral system? a. It emphasizes political parties at the expense of individual candidates. b. It tends to magnify the legislative power of major parties while greatly diminishing the chances of minor parties. c. It causes a pronounced tendency toward party decentralization. d. It makes forming a national consensus more difficult. e. It encourages the emergence of single-issue splinter parties.

It tends to magnify the legislative power of major parties while greatly diminishing the chances of minor parties.

Which of the following was NOT an attribute of Rómulo Betancourt? a. Self-control b. Knowing how to tame the ambitions of military officers c. The ability to judge people's motives d. Knowing when to compromise and when not to e. Practical idealism

Knowing how to tame the ambitions of military officers

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of developing countries? a. Illiteracy b. Political instability c. Ethnic conflict d. Law and order e. Inequality

Law and order

Which of the following is NOT a political correlate of democracy? a. A differentiated civil society b. A competitive party system c. Independent courts d. Freedom of communication e. Military control by civilian leadership

Military control by civilian leadership

Which of the following would be considered an economic democratic correlate? a. National wealth b. An elite ruling class c. A command economy d. Social pluralism e. All of the above

National wealth

Who was the symbol of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa? a. Walter Lippman b. Martin Luther King, Jr. c. Mohandas Gandhi d. Wael Ghonim e. Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela

What term do political scientists use to describe the situation caused by a country's development outstripping its capacity to deal with undesirable side effects? a. Westernized b. Developed c. Underdeveloped d. Globalized e. Overdeveloped

Overdeveloped

What is the major reason for creating and perpetuating Nigeria's "bloated, inefficient, irresponsible and unresponsive bureaucracy?" a. Ethnic favoritism b. Religious diversity c. A traditional caste system d. Crosscutting societal divisions e. Patronage

Patronage

What kind of vote takes place most often in America for deciding the winner of a single-member district? a. Majority vote b. Simple majority vote c. Supermajority vote d. Objective vote e. Plurality vote

Plurality vote

What term describes the process by which the members of a community are taught the values of their society, which prepare them for citizenship? a. Political ideology b. Cultural identity c. Political socialization d. Idealization e. None of the above

Political socialization

What is the most common alternative to a "winner-takes-all" system of elections? a. Proportional representation b. List system c. Direct Democracy d. Hare Plan e. Initiative

Proportional representation

What term is used to describe the system of voting where the seats of the legislature are assigned to parties based on the percentage of the popular vote that each party receives? a. Plurality b. Proportionality c. Mechanized d. Subjective e. Repetitional

Proportionality

What term describes a vote by which citizens repeal a law? a. Initiative b. Referendum c. Proportionality d. Structured vote e. None of the above

Referendum

What term is used to describe elections in which citizens are allowed to vote directly on specific questions of public policy? a. Recall b. Primary c. Referendum d. Run-off e. Republic

Referendum

Which of the following is NOT one of the four fundamental political challenges facing developing countries? a. Nation-building b. Participation c. State-building d. Secularization e. Distribution of wealth, power, and property

Secularization

Which of the following would be considered a public interest group? a. Italian-American Foundation b. American Association of Retired Persons c. Disabled American Veterans d. National Association of Manufacturers e. Sierra Club

Sierra Club

Which nation has the title of the "number one haven for pirates?" a. Sierra Leone b. Nigeria c. South Africa d. Somalia e. Afghanistan

Somalia

Because of his ruthless methods and questionable ethics, what was Tom DeLay's nickname? a. The Vulture b. The Hammer c. The Grizzly d. The Jackal e. The Snake

The Hammer

What does the "green revolution" refer to? a. A military insurrection in Nicaragua in 1985 b. The dramatic rise in food production produced by modern farming techniques c. The change in currency that often accompanies modernization d. Modernization of the Brazilian rain forest e. The fight to protect the environment in developing countries

The dramatic rise in food production produced by modern farming techniques

Which of the following is NOT a significant barrier to development? a. Low levels of technology b. Unfavorable terms of trade c. Land tenure problems d. An unforgiving environment e. The green revolution

The green revolution

Unlike associational and non-associational interest groups, how are institutional interest groups different? a. They exist within the government. b. They develop spontaneously when many individuals feel strongly about particular policies. c. They have a distinctive name, national headquarters, and professional staff. d. They seek to promote causes that benefit society as a whole. e. They exist within the private sector.

They exist within the government.

What does C. S. Lewis make a powerful case for in his book, The Abolition of Man? a. To love truth and justice b. Be bound by the rule of law c. To allow religion to shape and guide our ethics and morals d. Be able to recognize the lies and faults of other men e. None of the above

To love truth and justice

In which regime type do loyalty and ideological zealotry form the core of good citizenship? a. Authoritarian b. Democratic c. Totalitarian d. Socialist e. Both A and C

Totalitarian

Which of the following would be considered a citizen-leader? a. Walter Lippmann b. Winston Churchill c. Anwar Sadat d. Václav Havel e. None of the above

Václav Havel

Which of the following contributed to the liberation of Egypt and became a symbol of the anti-Mubarak Movement? a. Wael Ghonim b. Anwar Sadat c. Nelson Mandela d. Mohandas Gandhi e. Jimmy Carter

Wael Ghonim

Besides the wording of a question, what else is important about questions in polls? a. Comfort-level of the participants b. Level of compensation c. Way in which the questions are asked d. Number of questions asked e. Participants emotional reaction to the questions

Way in which the questions are asked

What does the theory of "low information rationality" refer to? a. Way voters use short cuts to make political judgments b. Way that political pollsters extrapolate broad trends from small samplings c. Foolishness and ignorance of many voters' choices d. Tendency of political parties to only offer as much information as the media demands, and no more e. High level of political apathy among Americans

Way voters use short cuts to make political judgments

What does Statecraft refer to? a. Writing of constitutions b. Declaration of independence from colonial rule c. Construction of symbols of statehood d. Wise use of state power e. Founding of republican government

Wise use of state power

Which of these leaders was NOT assassinated? a. Anwar Sadat b. Mahatma Gandhi c. Yitzhak Shamir d. Huey Long e. Abraham Lincoln

Yitzhak Shamir

Which of the following is true about a leader's political skills? a. Delegating is good, but doing it yourself is better. b. You must always use your skills for the public good. c. You must use your skills to manipulate the legislature to an acceptable conclusion. d. Both A and C e. Both B and C

You must always use your skills for the public good.

Which age group has been the most supportive of the Democratic Party in the 2004, 2006, and 2008 general elections? a. Young adults aged 18-29 b. Middle-aged adults, 30-39 c. Older adults aged 40-49 d. Seniors in their golden years, aged 50-64 e. Retired seniors, aged 65 and older

Young adults aged 18-29

Polls not only measure public opinion; they also a. allow public opinion to change. b. influence public opinion. c. make public opinion less arbitrary. d. create legal precedents. e. educate the respondents.

influence public opinion.

One obstacle facing many developing countries is monoculture, which is the a. practice of raising only one major crop. b. dominance of only one ethnic group. c. concentration of power in one elite group. d. practice of interacting only with family members. e. lack of diversity within large populations.

practice of raising only one major crop.

The most accurate public opinion polls utilize a. multiple choice questions. b. random sampling, c. open ended questions. d. stratified sampling. e. random digit dialing.

stratified sampling.