Political Science 1000 chapter 2: Political Ideologies

Describe Islamism and explain why some people consider this ideology potentially dangerous.

Islam was developed in the 13th century with a call to return to the pure ways of the Prophet Muhammad. It is now the current faith of Saudi Arabia. It blends religion, nationalism, socialism, and a "rage against modernity". Islam religion is dangerous because ISIS and Al Qaeda will stop at nothing to destroy the US and all Sunnis which account for 85 percent of the muslim population.

Which statement, if true, undermines the arguments of Daniel Bell and Francis Fukuyama?

Many nations continue to practice variants of socialism with some success.

A modern liberal would argue that markets __________.

require regulation to function properly

The Wealth of Nations was written by __________.

Adam Smith

In the United States, a modern conservative is most likely to support government action that __________.

supports traditional Christian values

Many Americans find it difficult to grasp the power of ideological motivation because of __________.

the emphasis on moderation and pragmatism in American culture

Neoconservatives are opposed to __________.

welfare spending

Neoconservatism emerged in the United States during the __________.

1970s

Which statement describes the difference between Maoism and Titoism?

Maoism was a more radical form of communism than Titoism.

An ideology consists of __________.

a set of plans to improve society

Which statement accurately describes present-day China?

China retains an authoritarian political structure even as it continues to open its markets.

Describe how modern liberalism differs from classical liberalism and explain how modern conservatism related to classical liberalism.

Classic Liberalism expelled government from the marketplace. Modern liberalism brought it back. Modern conservatism and classic liberalism both use Adam Smith's minimal government theory.

The "end of ideology" argument was developed by __________.

Daniel Bell

How did Irving Kristol conceptualize the relationship between neoconservatism and liberalism?

Neoconservatism recognized what perceived to be the naivete of liberalism

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support spreading American values abroad?

Neoconservatives

Which of these figures is one of the founders of classic conservatism?

Edmund Burke

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes environmentalism in the United States?

Environmentalists' demands have only been partially satisfied.

Which of these is an assumption underlying feminism?

Gender roles and attitudes are socially conditioned.

Which of these is true of Adam Smith's legacy?

He influenced the development of the classical liberal ideology.

Which philosopher claimed that art, music, and politics hang together and express an underlying Zeitgeist?

Hegel

Which of the following best expresses the difference between political scientists and ideologues?

Ideologues argue for changes to political systems, while political scientists want to keep the system as it is.

A modern liberal would most likely support which of the following policy proposals?

Increase regulations on the banking sector.

Why was Titoism ultimately unsuccessful in Yugoslavia?

It created an unstable system centered on the charisma of a single leader.

Which of these was central to Lenin's vision of the Russian socialist party?

It had to be centrally organized.

Which of these countries has had a fascist government?

Italy

The Communist Manifesto was written by __________.

Karl Marx

Which statement describes a central difference between Marx and Lenin?

Marx focused on the situation within a particular capitalist country, whereas Lenin focused on promoting global revolution.

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between classical liberalism and modern conservatism?

Modern conservatism retains many of the principles of classical liberalism.

Modern conservatism combines which of these sets of views?

Smith's economic views and Burke's social views

Which of these ideologies is based on principles derived from the views of Karl Marx?

Social democracy

Which statement best explains the pro-choice position of libertarians?

The government has no place making personal decisions about peoples' private lives.

Which of these ideas was first advanced by Adam Smith?

The government is inherently hostile to individual rights.

Which of these statements adheres most closely to the ideas of Thomas Hill Green?

The minimum wage is necessary to prevent employers from taking advantage of workers

Which of these statements is consistent with Francis Fukuyama's view?

There will be no more world wars over conflicting ideologies.

Describe the schisms that have occurred among Marxist thinkers and explain why these schisms occurred.

They are all different levels of communism. The schisms occurred because each leader that came after Marx wanted to further government rule.

How do classic conservatives address the issue of change?

They believe that change should happen gradually rather than suddenly.

Which statement fits with feminist views of the challenges women face in the present-day world?

Women have difficulty gaining economic and political power because men are socialized into leadership roles.

Which of these provides a nationalist country with the strongest unifying factor?

a common enemy

Which of the following is most likely to characterize a fascist regime?

a propensity to engage in war

Daniel Bell and Francis Fukuyama would agree that __________.

capitalism has no serious rivals in today's world or in the future

Adam Smith is associated with __________.

classic liberalism

Which ideology prefers virtually no government involvement in anything other than personal and national security?

libertarianism

A Marxist utopia would include which of the following elements?

equal distribution of wealth

According to Lenin, imperialist countries build colonial empires to __________.

exploit people and resources

After World War I, Germany and Italy used ___________ to build support for another war.

extreme nationalist ideas

Which of these is an extreme form of nationalism?

fascism

Classic liberals and modern liberals generally agree on the benefits of ____________.

free speech

The states' rights questions that led to the American Civil War were primarily __________ in nature.

ideological

Giuseppe Mazzini's concept of freedom asserts that __________.

individuals gain meaning through subordination of their will to the national will

According to Karl Marx, a communist system is one where the government __________.

is rendered unnecessary

The laissez-faire viewpoint recommends __________.

leaving the economy alone to promote growth

Milton Friedman and Adam Smith both argued that __________.

markets function best when left alone

Milton Friedman's ideas contributed to the development of __________.

modern conservatism

Explain how nationalism can be dangerous to a nation. Use both theoretical ideas and concrete examples to support your claims.

Nationalism says that it is terribly wrong to be ruled by others. Nationalism can lead to wars and economic isolation. US is an example of a nationalist nation-dominant over Canada. It started with the French during the French Revolution (caused Germany, Spain, and Russians to become nationalistic with them.)

Evaluate the "end of ideology" argument by considering the facts that fit and contradict this view on today's world.

The "end of ideology" is the result of the failure of all other ideologies (free democracy). Fukuyama claimed that no other ideologies could contest against capitalist democracy. Fukuyama claims that this will not cause boredom so no one will try to come up with new ideologies that are any better.