Political Science Exam 2

Felon Disenfranchisement

A term used to describe laws that either temporarily or permanently restrict the voting rights of convicted felony offenders. felons were denied the right to vote on matters in government

offer one comparison of how todays mass incarceration is like the Jim crow laws of the 1960s

Both Jim crow and the war on drugs were born in order for white elites to exploit people of color or poor individuals for economic gain

explain one way language can convertly reinforce racism

Color symbolism is one was language can reinforce racism. This is the idea that white is good and black is bad. This promotes a bad representation of the black community by deeming them "evil" or "bad" because of the color of their skin

explain how indigenous approach to social justice and how it differs from mainstream Western models

Social justice is the belief that everyone deserves equitible rights and opportunities and the movements organized arround this belief. indigenous' approach to social justice focuses more on the communities culture as a whole rather than just and individual. It focuses and trying to get the community back all things that we taken from them by using restorative justice. They believe that giving them money will dont do justice to restore the hardships of what they lost, however this is what the western model thinks is the best way. The western model often focuses on punishment or punitive practices.

implicit bias

a form of bias that occurs automatically and unintentionally, that affects judgements, decisions and behaviors example: saying that black people are more violent than white people

explain how the term illegal alien became normalized in the debate about immigration

an illegal alien is termed as a foreign persons who is living without official authorization in a country so they are not a citizen. This term became normalized because republican parties mainly used politically loaded phrases like this in the media in which media stations that cater to the right winged side like Sinclairs monopoly used these terms in their news stations.

social instituitions

an interrelated system of social roles and social norms, organized around the satisfaction of an important social need or social function - education, family, the state, economy, media

Chinese Exclusion Act

banned more immigrant workers from entering the US 1st immigration law to single out an ethnic group example: there was a large fear that they would lower wages and reduce job opportunities

media consolidation

concentration of media ownership Sinclair buying out local news networks

legalized discrimination

discrimination upheld by law in terms of race or beliefs or identity example: Jim crow laws

force assimilation

efforts to strip away a communities culture and spirituality in the name of 'civilization' indigenous peoples getting their land taken in order for white people to establish civilizations their

informed consent laws

exist to ensure that people get accurate and unbiased info before receiving medical care so that they can make the decision thats best for them example: some women get incorrect info and unnecessary ultrasounds from doctors to get an abortion

indigenous Social Justice

focusing on rebuilding relationships and communities of the indigenous community as a whole and not just individually example: land restoration, reversal of assimilation/cultural independence

refusal clauses

healthcare providers/pharmacistss refusing to provide certain medications to patients that go against the workers religious beliefs or morals - denying someone birthcontrol as a pharmacist

When was heterosexuality coined as a term? Name one factor that shaped its development

heterosexuality is liking the opposite sex. it was coined as a term in the late 19th cent. A factor that helped shpae its development was the fact that sex changed from a mode of human reproduction to a form of pleasure for individuals.

explain how implicit bias in sports broadcating has broader effects on black athletes and/or non-athletes

implicit bias is unintential bias that overall affects judgement and behavior. This occurs in sports broadcating when broadcasters unintentionally use words that dehumanize black people in sports and compare them to animals more than humans. An example of this is describing a black persons rebound as "sneaky" or "weasled out"

explain one example of how implicit bias shapes the criminal justice system

implicit bias is unintentional bias that alters judgement and behavior. This shapes the criminal justice system because it creates an unfair advantage for white people because people in the criminal justice system are typically favored to cater to white people and infringe more force on racial minorities due to implicit bias.

color symbolism

in language, white often means 'good' while black represents 'bad' Example: a black cat represents bad luck

mind bugs

ingrained habits of though that lead to errors in how we perceive, remember, reason and make decisions. The types of mind bugs are visual, memory, and social Example: Men are better leaders

kyriarchy

interlocking systems of oppression the idea that someone is a black male so they are oppressed yet priviledged

invisible punishment

long-term effects on felons after leaving prison, cannot access public resources and secure jobs denying a felon housing or advantageous opportunities because they went to prison for some time

explain one way in which media consolidation is bad for democracy

media consolidation is the monopoly of mainstream networks in means to create bias across the network itself. This is bad for democracy because it leads to less local news coverage, and less interaction with local communities, ultimately hindering democracy

explain one major injustice indigenous communities face and a solution for it.

one major injustice indigenous communities face is loss of land. Indigenous people were ripped from their lands to different reservation in order for white people to build foundations on top of something their own. Their solution to this is land restoration which is the act of giving back the stolen land to indigenous communities

explain one of Valentis arguments about why the US is rolling back on womens reproductive rights and how they are doing it

one of Valentis arguments is the desire to punish impure women. an example of this is how these laws are curated to punish impure women who are pregnant already by valuing the fetus over the womens rights

explain one way todays rhetoric and policy on immigration reflect past rhetoric and policy on immigration

one way todays rhetoric and policy on immigration relfect past is the fear of loss of cultural dominance. An example of this would be when people complain that an immigrant does not speak English because they are afraid of cultural change and want the majority to be seen as the standard for all.

round up

process of police performing large-scale sweeps in order to put individuals into the prison pipeline; first stage of mass incarceration example: no knock warrants, stop and frisk, quotas

Title X gag rule

providers who either perform abortions or refer patients for the proceeder must refer patients to other locations planned parenthood does not received funding for cancer screenings/womens healthcare because they provide abortions

heterosexuality

sexual attraction to those of the opposite sex social construction that gives a bad connotation to those that are homosexual or of a different sexuality

Misinformation Effect

small changes in language, shape memory and can result in mistaken eyewitness testimony example: stating that someone smashed into someone elses car making it sound more violent and having people believe it is worse than it seems

explain one way in which media can play an important role in social justice

social justice is believing that everyone is worthy of equal rights and the movements that support this. Media can play an important role in this because if someone speaks up in the media it makes more people comfotrable to do the same. This is seen in the #metoo movement which occured after Harvey Weinstein's investigation that helped victims of sexual harrassment come out to tell their stories.

anchoring

the idea that the mind doesn't search for information in a vacuum but it starts by using whatever information is immediately available as a reference point Example: seeing an over priced item and then seeing it a little less expensive but still overpriced and deeming it cheap

diaster Myths

the media presenting highly oversimiplified and distorted characterizations of the human response to the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe example: profiling people as thugs trying to attack people when they could state that these people are victims too

explain how the myth of rampant looting during katrina shaped government policy during the hurricane

the myth of rampant looting during KAtrina shaped government policy during the hurricane because the government now wanted to increase military presence in disaster areas during natural disasters and the Bush administratiion wanted to put in laws reevaluating laws prohibiting military policy.

Media literacy

understanding who creates media content, why they created it, what is missing from it and who the intended audience is example: authorship and understanding who made the message

paternalism

widespread notion that women cannot be trusted to make their own descions and that the decisions are up to the man or authoritative figure Example: "daddy knows best" --> fathers bringing daughters to purity balls

Qualifying adjectives

words that have no context have a positive connotation but when used in terms of race portray a different meaning - saying someone is sophisticated for a black person