POLITSC 1100 CIAG Chapter 9

Korematsu v. United States introduced which standard of review? equal protection "separate but equal" "compelling state interest test" judicial scrutiny

"compelling state interest test"

How did the doll test demonstrate that separate was NOT equal? Because the majority of the children played with the white baby dolls and demonstrated anger toward the Black baby dolls, the study showed that segregation had the psychological effect of causing children to see Black people as inferior to white people. Because the white children played with the white baby dolls and the Black children played with the Black baby dolls, the study showed that segregation keeps races separated even during playtime. Because the dolls given to the Black children in the study were of lesser quality than the dolls given to the white children, the study showed that segregation contributes to discrepancies in school resources between the races. Because the majority of the children played with the Black baby dolls and demonstrated anger toward the white baby dolls, the study showed that segregation greatly increased tension between the races.

Because the majority of the children played with the white baby dolls and demonstrated anger toward the Black baby dolls, the study showed that segregation had the psychological effect of causing children to see Black people as inferior to white people.

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that schools must desegregate "with all deliberate speed"? Sweatt v. Painter Brown v. Board II Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

Brown v. Board II

The "Doll Study" was used as evidence in which of the following cases? Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada Sweatt v. Painter

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

What was the majority opinion in Shelby County v. Holder? Coverage formulas are unconstitutional, but changes to state voting laws can still be reviewed by Congress. Voter ID laws are constitutional and should no longer be subject to federal review or "preclearance." Voter ID laws are unconstitutional and should be subject to federal review or "preclearance." Coverage formulas are constitutional, and changes to state voting laws should continue to be reviewed.

Coverage formulas are unconstitutional, but changes to state voting laws can still be reviewed by Congress.

Why is Alejandro Cruz-Guzman suing the state of Minnesota? He thinks the state's standardized tests are biased toward high-income children. He thinks that schools are violating his children's right to free speech. He believes the use of private school vouchers is unconstitutional. He believes the state has condoned segregated school zones.

He believes the state has condoned segregated school zones.

What was the societal impact of Plessy v. Ferguson? It challenged states' discriminatory voting laws. It influenced the desegregation of public facilities and schools. It allowed racial inequality to persist in American society. It dismantled existing racial inequality within American society.

It allowed racial inequality to persist in American society.

What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise? It added two slave states to the Union. Its provisions allowed Dred Scott to obtain his freedom. It granted freedom to any slave whose owner established residence in a free territory. It banned slavery in the Western states.

It granted freedom to any slave whose owner established residence in a free territory.

How did the Minnesota Supreme Court rule in the case brought forth by Cruz-Guzman? It halted any further attempts by the state to rezone school districts. It denied the hearing and sent the case back to the lower court. It ruled against Cruz-Guzman and in favor of the state. It ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, allowing the case to move to trial.

It ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, allowing the case to move to trial.

The American Woman Suffrage Association differed from the National Woman Suffrage Association in which of the following ways? It excluded African Americans from membership. Its members included both men and women. It was formed prior to the Civil War. It targeted amendments to state constitutions.

It targeted amendments to state constitutions.

Which of the following states had slaves that were not freed by the Emancipation Proclamation? Maine New York Missouri Ohio

Missouri

According to Hanushek, is increasing education spending the best way to improve student achievement scores? Yes, because increased funding for teacher salaries has been shown to increase student test scores. No, because smaller class sizes have been determined to be more effective for increasing test scores. No, because significant improvements have not been seen despite continual increases in education spending. Yes, because across the board, increases in funding have been shown to positively influence student test scores.

No, because significant improvements have not been seen despite continual increases in education spending.

The ruling in which of the following cases established the "separate but equal" doctrine? Dred Scott v. Sanford Brown v. Board of Education the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 Plessy v. Ferguson

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which U.S. Supreme Court case initially established the constitutionality of the "separate but equal" doctrine? Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education Sweatt v. Painter Plessy v. Ferguson Dred Scott v. Sandford

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which of the following accurately illustrates the different types of segregation? Racially segregated schools were a form of de jure segregation. Jim Crow laws were a clear example of de facto segregation. "White flight" is a modern example of de jure segregation. School busing policies are a form of de facto segregation.

Racially segregated schools were a form of de jure segregation.

What happened when Oliver Brown tried to enroll his daughter Linda in an all-white school? She was denied admission to the school, leading the Supreme Court to uphold the "separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson. She was accepted to the school and became the first African American child to integrate a public school. She was denied admission to the school, allowing the case challenging the "separate but equal" doctrine to proceed. She was accepted to the school but her sister wasn't, so the Brown family decided to sue the school so the girls could attend it together.

She was denied admission to the school, allowing the case challenging the "separate but equal" doctrine to proceed.

What was the immediate effect of Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency? The Emancipation Proclamation was issued. Slavery was abolished. The Missouri Compromise was enacted. South Carolina seceded from the Union.

South Carolina seceded from the Union.

Who drafted the 19th Amendment to the Constitution? Susan B. Anthony Lucretia Mott Willa Cather Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Susan B. Anthony

According to the video, what was unprecedented about the Supreme Court issuing this second decision in the Brown case? The Court was criticizing the executive branch for failing to implement its previous decision. The Court was taking an active role in overseeing the implementation of a previous decision. The Court was responding to changes in public opinion on a controversial issue. The Court reached a unanimous decision twice in the same case.

The Court was taking an active role in overseeing the implementation of a previous decision.

What was the significance of having a class action suit dealing with segregation in public schools? A class action suit meant that the issue at hand dealt with education. The Supreme Court had established a precedent that it would only hear class action suits in cases involving segregation. The Supreme Court was compelled to hear and decide on multiple cases at once. A class action suit would absolve the states of any legal responsibility for failing to implement federal policy.

The Supreme Court was compelled to hear and decide on multiple cases at once.

What must the government prove to satisfy the intermediate standard of review? The government action serves a compelling state interest. The means used are meant to advance an important government interest. The policy involves a fundamental freedom or a suspect classification. The government action is reasonably related to a legitimate government interest.

The means used are meant to advance an important government interest.

In Brown v. Board, advocates of school desegregation focused on the federal court system. Why are advocates in more recent lawsuits focused on state courts instead? The Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" school districts were constitutional. Unequal school funding is unconstitutional and states are not upholding the 1973 Supreme Court decision. The nationwide teachers' movement has already had some success taking this route. The right to an education is more explicitly defined in state constitutions than it is in the U.S. Constitution.

The right to an education is more explicitly defined in state constitutions than it is in the U.S. Constitution.

Which of the following represents an accurate description of what transpired in 1808? Congress passed a law extending the slave trade for an additional 20 years. Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom's Cabin. The slave population numbered over one million. Every single state outlawed the slave trade on its own.

The slave population numbered over one million.

The Court met again one year after the initial ruling, in the case of Brown v. Board II, to check the progress of desegregation in schools. When they met, what did they find had happened? Only schools in the South had been desegregated, while segregation remained in many school districts in the North. All schools in the United States had been desegregated through a generally smooth process. Most Black schools had been shut down, leaving mainly white children in public schools. Very little had been done to implement the initial decision, and public schools were still segregated.

Very little had been done to implement the initial decision, and public schools were still segregated.

What was the immediate effect of Rosa Parks's arrest? desegregation of Montgomery public transportation the arrest of Martin Luther King, Jr. a yearlong bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama the beginning of the Freedom Rides

a yearlong bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama

What was one of the purposes of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? banning discrimination based on race granting the right to vote to women abolishing slavery protecting voting rights for African Americans

banning discrimination based on race

Why are advocates for charter schools nervous about the Minnesota lawsuit? because the lawsuit argues that traditional public schools should receive more funding than charter schools because the lawsuit argues that the state has made a mistake by excluding charter schools from desegregation efforts because the lawsuit argues that charter schools discriminate against nonwhite and low-income students because the lawsuit argues that all charter schools should be closed and their students moved to traditional public schools

because the lawsuit argues that the state has made a mistake by excluding charter schools from desegregation efforts

What remedy to school inequality proved successful in the past? establishing charter schools increased school funding busing students across school zones instituting a school voucher system

busing students across school zones

For which of the following do civil rights require equal protection? gender language spoken employment number of children

gender

The NAACP primarily targeted inequities in which educational institutions? undergraduate colleges high schools graduate and professional programs elementary schools

graduate and professional programs

In what year was the Equal Rights Amendment added to the Constitution? 1966 1994 none of these options 1972

none of these options

The American Indian Movement is noted for its use of which of the following types of tactics? rallies peaceful demonstrations occupation of symbolic property media relations

occupation of symbolic property

Affirmative action represents an example of which of the following? wealth redistribution policies based on equality of opportunity policies based on equality of outcome governmental discrimination

policies based on equality of outcome

Protective legislation promotes which of the following? court cases that treat men and women equally under the law eradicating discrimination against African Americans policies that addressed women's biological differences from men supporting companies that treat men and women equally in the workplace

policies that addressed women's biological differences from men

The Brown v. Board case focused on racial segregation practiced against African Americans in which of the following places? government offices restaurants interstate transportation public schools

public schools

According to the text, which of the following tactics has frequently been employed by Latino civil rights groups? rallies sit-ins occupations boycotts

rallies

According to the text, which states did the federal government threaten to withhold money from? states that opposed the Fair Housing Act of 1968 states that refused to comply with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that supported the opposition party to the president states with a history of racial segregation

states that refused to comply with the Civil Rights Act of 1964

In which of the following standards of review are the interests of the individual given the most weight? intermediate scrutiny "compelling state interest test" rational basis test strict scrutiny

strict scrutiny

Which of the following standards of review are used to evaluate government action in relation to the Equal Protection Clause? strict scrutiny the "separate but equal" doctrine the scales of justice the detainment of individuals with foreign enemy ancestry

strict scrutiny

According to the text, which of the following drew national attention to the issue of racial inequality? the founding of SNCC and CORE NWP protests outside the White House segregated seating on Montgomery city buses television coverage of police brutality

television coverage of police brutality

What did the 2016 study mentioned in the article reveal about student success? that per-pupil spending is correlated with increased retention rates and lifetime earning potential that there was no significant correlation between per-pupil spending, retention rates, and lifetime earning potential that an across-the-board increase in spending is correlated with teacher performance and better test scores that there was a negative correlation between integrated school zones and higher test scores

that per-pupil spending is correlated with increased retention rates and lifetime earning potential

Which amendment banned all forms of "slavery" and "involuntary servitude"? the 14th Amendment the 15th Amendment the 13th Amendment the 19th Amendment

the 13th Amendment

In his majority opinion for the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, which constitutional amendment did Justice Kennedy rely on to justify the Supreme Court's decision legalizing same-sex marriage? the 14th Amendment the First Amendment the Ninth Amendment the 19th Amendment

the 14th Amendment

Which amendment guaranteed African Americans the right to vote? the 14th Amendment the 19th Amendment the 13th Amendment the 15th Amendment

the 15th Amendment

Which clause of the Constitution ultimately rendered the "separate but equal" doctrine unconstitutional? the Supremacy Clause the Full Faith and Credit Clause the Due Process Clause the Equal Protection Clause

the Equal Protection Clause

Which group did President Kennedy task with the investigation of the treatment of women in American society? the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women the National Organization for Women the League of Women Voters Congress

the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women

Which of the following used radical protest tactics such as sit-ins and Freedom Rides? the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) the Committee for Racial Harmony and Cooperation (CRHC) the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

What enabled the Court to finally reach consensus on the issue of segregation and the case of Brown v. Board? the appointment of Earl Warren as chief justice the massive protests against segregation the reelection of Dwight D. Eisenhower as president the speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr.

the appointment of Earl Warren as chief justice

Who were "The Little Rock Nine"? the members of a white lynch mob convicted of killing Black students in Arkansas the Arkansas Court of Appeals judges who ruled on school desegregation the nine justices serving on the Supreme Court in the 1950s the group of African American students attempting to attend Central High School

the group of African American students attempting to attend Central High School

Which of the following was a major achievement of the disability rights movement? the closure of state-run psychiatric hospitals in the 1980s the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990 the popularization of the term "people with disabilities" in the 1970s the passage of the Wheelchair Accessibility Resolution in 1960

the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990

Which of the following became referred to as "Bloody Sunday"? the bombing of a Black church in Birmingham the assassination of President Kennedy the police attack on civil rights protesters in Birmingham the police attack on participants in a march from Selma to Montgomery

the police attack on participants in a march from Selma to Montgomery

What was the purpose of Title IX? to ensure equal pay for men and women doing the same job to ensure equality of funding between women's and men's educational programs to grant additional rights and benefits to women in traditionally male-dominated jobs to grant tax credits to single mothers and widows

to ensure equality of funding between women's and men's educational programs

Why was it vital for the Court to issue a unanimous decision regarding desegregation in the case of Brown v. Board? to avoid any legal loopholes pertaining to the desegregation of public schools to facilitate implementation of the ruling by sending a strong message of complete agreement to spur Congress into modifying the language of the 14th Amendment to force Kansas into rapid desegregation measures

to facilitate implementation of the ruling by sending a strong message of complete agreement

What was the aim of Radical Republicans during Reconstruction? to form a coalition with white Democrats in Congress to stop the Northern occupation of Southern states to seek legislation that improved voting rights for freedmen to oppose the efforts of former slaves to run for office

to seek legislation that improved voting rights for freedmen

What was the purpose of Jim Crow laws? to enfranchise African Americans in the South to establish term limits for governors and state legislators to segregate society by race to empower Radical Republicans

to segregate society by race

The Equal Protection Clause prohibits which type of discrimination? unreasonable qualified unfair excessive

unreasonable

At what point was the concept of equality enshrined in the U.S. Constitution? when the 14th Amendment was ratified when the 19th Amendment was ratified when the Constitution was ratified when the Bill of Rights was ratified

when the 14th Amendment was ratified

What is the main question courts have been considering in the cases mentioned in the article? Choose the BEST answer. whether unequal funding is leading to inadequate education for low-income students whether state standardized tests are in violation of literacy standards set in the Every Student Succeeds Act whether continued segregation in school zones is a violation of state constitutions whether states are complying with federal court decisions on school zones

whether unequal funding is leading to inadequate education for low-income students

To whom did Martin Luther King, Jr. direct his "Letter from Birmingham Jail"? civil rights protesters members of SNCC Rosa Parks white clergymen

white clergymen