POLS 150 Multiple choice study set: chapters 1, 6, 7 and 8 of Politics of Power
According to the text, all of the following have served to weaken presidential power in the past half-century except A. the decrease in the number of interest groups. B. President Johnson's lying about the progress of the Vietnam War. C. President Nixon's attempted cover-up of the Watergate burglary. D. the end of the golden age of capitalism. E. the increase in divided government.
A
According to the text, the Constitution sets up a governmental structure that A. makes it very difficult for government to bring about major changes in policy. B. has no effect one way or the other on how easy it is for government to make major policy changes. C. makes it very easy for government to bring about major changes in policy. D. makes it very easy for the government to respond to the slightest changes in public opinion. E. was the very opposite of what the Founders hoped it would be.
A
According to the text, the Reagan Revolution A. resulted in conservatives setting the main terms of the public debate. B. pushed conservative ideas further outside of the political mainstream than they had ever been. C. led the Democratic Party to champion the virtues of big government more strongly than ever. D. was a myth manufactured by political pundits. E. was successful at dismantling the welfare state
A
According to the text, the Titanic offers a powerful metaphor for U.S. society and politics for all of the following reasons except A. like the Titanic, the U.S. political system is doomed to fail B. U.S. businesses' concerns with profits resemble the similar concerns of the Titanic's owners. C. the Titanic was the world's most powerful ship, and the United States is the world's most powerful nation. D. there was great economic inequality among the Titanic's passengers, and there is great economic inequality in the United States. E. the Titanic's first class passengers were treated much better than those in steerage, and the U.S. rich have much more of the good things in life than poor people have.
A
According to the text, the United States's capitalist market system A. is inherently not democratic B. is inherently democratic C. may or may not be democratic depending on who is president. D. may or may not be democratic depending on which party controls Congress. E. may or may not be democratic depending on whether the government officials adhere to the Constitution's basic principles.
A
All House of Representatives members are A. chosen by direct election every two years. B. selected by state legislatures every two years. C. chosen by direct election every six years. D. selected by state legislatures every six years. E. chosen by direct election every four years.
A
Compared with other economically developed countries, the gap between rich and poor in the United States is A. greater. B. about the same. C. slightly less. D. much less. E. so difficult to measure that it's impossible to make such comparisons.
A
Employed in the U.S. Senate, a(n) (blank) is a technique to stop the progress of a piece of legislation by continuing debate and thus not permitting a vote. A. filibuster B. cloture C. discharge petition D. committee system E. reconciliation
A
Federalism is a political system in which A. national power is limited by the reservation of certain powers to the states. B. the Constitution guarantees citizens certain basic political liberties. C. there are checks and balances among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government D. state constitutions trump the national constitution if there is a conflict between the two. E. the Constitution outlines the powers of state and local governments.
A
In the realm of foreign policy, the Constitution sets up a structure of government in which A. the Congress and the president share power. B. the Congress, the president, and the United States twenty largest cities share power. C. only the Congress has power. D. only the president has power. E. only ambassadors and the military's top generals have power.
A
Substantive democracy refers to A. whether all citizens have equitable chances to influence and control the making of decisions that affect them. B. the existence of democratic procedures such as the right to vote. C. the existence of democratic institutions such as a legislative branch elected by the people. D. the existence of a Bill of Rights. E. the right to run for public office regardless of one's race, gender, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation.
A
The 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution A. dealt with the election of senators. B. dealt with the election of members of the House of Representatives. C. changed the constitutional authority of the Speaker of the House. D. legalized filibusters. E. made the Senate less malapportioned than the House.
A
The Articles of Confederation A. allowed each state to retain its sovereignty. B. were signed in 1787. C. provided for an extremely strong and powerful national government. D. gave the president much more power than it gave Congress. E. is just another name for what is usually called the Constitution.
A
The number of representatives from each state elected to the House of Representatives is based on A. the state's population. B. the geographic size of the state. C. the year the state is admitted to the union (older states have greater representation. D. the amount of federal tax revenue generated in that state. E. equal representation of each state.
A
The official who directs the day-to-day work of government is called A. the head of state. B. the head of government. C. a U.S. Senator. D. a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. E. Supreme Court Justice.
B
The set of key executive institutions that are close advisers to the president on major policy areas, including the budget, social and economic issues, intelligence and security is the (blank). A. Executive Office of the President B. Cabinet C. Independent Regulatory Commission D. military industrial complex E. Conference Committee
A
Unlike the situation in parliamentary regimes, the president is A. head of state and head of government. B. neither the head of state nor the head of government. C. the head of state but not the head of government. D. the head of government but the head of state. E. there is no difference between being the head of state and being the head of government in a parliamentary regime.
A
What constituency does a member of the House of Representatives represent? A. congressional district within a state B. county C. state D. city E. the United States as a whole
A
What percent of the U.S.'s total income is earned by the poorest 20% of U.S. households? A. approximately 3% B. approximately 9% C. approximately 15% D. approximately 20% E. approximately 50%
A
A federal system is one in which A. the states retain full sovereignty. B. authority is divided between national and state governments. C. the president is elected by an Electoral College. D. power is shared among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. E. all government officials are elected by the people.
B
According to the Constitution as it was originally ratified A. members of the House of Representatives would be elected by the people every six years B. senators would be chosen by the state legislatures. C. the president has the power to declare war D. Congress is prohibited from regulating interstate commerce. E. justices of the Supreme Court are elected by the House of Representatives and the Senate.
B
According to the text A. Senators are generally more centrist than House members because they are older. B. Senators are generally more centrist than House members because they represent broader constituencies. C. House members are more centrist because they stand for election more frequently. D. House members are more centrist because they have longer careers than senators. E. Senators are more extreme because they are older and in general have more money than House members.
B
According to the text A. voters in large states are more represented in the Senate than are voters in small states. B. voters in small states are more represented in the Senate than are voters in the large states. C. voters in small and large states are equally represented in the Senate. D. racial and ethnic minorities are the one who most benefit from whatever malapportionment exists in the Senate. E. voters in small and large states are equally represented in the House of Representatives.
B
The power of the president to reject a bill passed by Congress is called a(n) A. pardon. B. veto. C. presidential privilege. D. discretionary power. E. executive order.
B
According to the text, at the Constitutional Convention, the Founders rejected a suggestion that the president be directly elected by the people because A. most wanted the presidency to be weaker than it was under the Articles of Confederation. B. doing so would make the president responsive to the democratic spirit they wanted to tame. C. like James Wilson, most wanted the president to be chosen by Congress. D. like Alexander Hamilton, most wanted the president to serve a life term. E. most wanted the president to be chosen by the Supreme Court.
B
According to the text, earmarks are A. all money appropriated by Congress. B. the practice of inserting authorizations for a specific project into a bill. C. the practice of inserting signing statements into a bill. D. the practice of specifying that a bill won't be subject to a filibuster. E. the practice of letting lobbyists write provisions of important legislation.
B
According to the text, the executive branch of government consists of a series of concentric circles surrounding the president. The circle which is the closest to the president is A. the president's cabinet. B. the Executive Office of the President. C. the independent agencies. D. the Office of Presidential Appointees. E. the White House Office of Presidential Advisors.
B
According to the text, the lopsided distribution of income and wealth is or was a central concern of (blank) A. the Tea Party movement. B. the Occupy Wall Street movement. C. the Business Roundtable. D. the Federalists. E. the abolitionist movement.
B
According to the text, the most powerful vice president ever is/was A. Joseph Biden. B. Richard Cheney. C. Al Gore. D. Dan Quayle. E. George H.W. Bush.
B
According to the text, the recession and global economic crisis of 2008 A. reaffirmed the dangers of too much government regulation of the market. B. called into question the ideology and practice of less regulated capitalism. C. shows that the world is less interconnected than is generally believed. D. was predicted a decade earlier by Federal Reserve Chair Alan Greenspan. E. is conclusive proof of the validity of Ronald Reagan's ideas.
B
In discussing the sources of presidential power, the text says presidents can make skillful use of patronage. Of the following, which is the best example of patronage? A. modifying proposed legislation in ways that benefit particular members of Congress B. nominating federal judges C. delivering speeches in carefully selected locations D. refusing to meet with particular members of Congress E. raising money for particular candidates
B
In discussing what it terms "the Imperial Presidency" the text identifies all of the following as sources of presidential power except A. the president's unlimited access to the media. B. the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. C. the president's power to manage the federal bureaucracy. D. the president's ability to raise money and make appearances for other candidates for public office. E. Article II of the Constitution.
B
John Locke was A. a political philosopher who said the executive branch was the supreme power in any government. B. a political philosopher who said the legislature was the supreme power in any government. C. a political philosopher who said the judiciary was the supreme power in any government. D. the author of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. E. the first Speaker of the House of Representatives.
B
The (blank) is a group of key administrative officials appointed by the president to direct major departments of government. A. Executive Office of the President B. Cabinet C. Independent Regulatory Commission D. Conference Committee E. Chiefs of Staff
B
The Constitution dealt with slavery by A. making slaves citizens. B. counting five slaves as three persons for apportioning seats in the House of Representatives. C. prohibiting Congress from passing laws abolishing the importation of slaves. D. declaring that a slave would be free forever if she or he escaped to a state that prohibited slavery. E. outlawing slavery in the North but not in the South.
B
The Great Compromise refers to the Constitutional Convention debate concerning A. ratification of the Constitution. B. representation in Congress C. the division of power between the federal government and the states. D. the election of the president. E. the number of justices on the U.S. Supreme Court.
B
The U.S. Constitution grants the power to declare war to A. the people. B. Congress. C. the Secretary of Defense. D. the House of Representatives. E. the President.
B
The United States contains about (blank) percent of the world's population, but accounts for about (blank) percent of the world's gross domestic product (GDP). A. 5, 13 B. 5, 23 C. 5, 33 D. 15, 33 E. 15, 53
B
The approval of presidential appointments and foreign treaties requires A. approval and confirmation by the House of Representatives. B. approval and confirmation by the U.S. Senate. C. approval and confirmation by the states. D. approval and confirmation by the U.S. Supreme Court. E. no approval or confirmation is necessary by other branches of government.
B
Which institution of the federal government has the power to impeach a public official? A. U.S. Supreme Court B. House of Representatives C. U.S. Senate D. the President E. the Attorney General
B
Which presidential role is illustrated by the presidential authority to negotiate treaties, appoint ambassadors, and receive ambassadors from foreign countries? A. commander in chief B. chief diplomat C. manager of the bureaucracy D. head of government E. party leader
B
The close relationship between business and government is referred to as a A. market economy. B. constitutional democracy. C. system of checks and balances. D. corporate complex. E. superpower.
D
A country's combined military and economic strength that results in it having a dominant position in the world is called a (blank). A. democracy B. corporate complex C. superpower D. Titanic E. New World Order
C
According to the text A. the Electoral College tends to over-represent large states. B. the Electoral College tends to over-represent medium-size states. C. the Electoral College tends to over-represent small states. D. the size of the states that are better represented in the Electoral College depends on whether the president is a Republican or Democrat. E. the Electoral College represents all states equally.
C
According to the text A. the balance of power among the three branches of the national government has remained constant throughout U.S. history. B. the Congress, led by the Speaker of the House and Senate majority leader, is now the preeminent branch. C. the executive, directed by the president, is now the preeminent branch. D. the Supreme Court, directed by the chief justice, is now the preeminent branch. E. the federal bureaucracy is now the preeminent institution.
C
According to the text, large corporations have disproportionate political power mainly because A. almost all of their top executives are white men. B. the Constitution prohibits government from regulating business too heavily. C. the well-being of everyone as measured by jobs and income depends on the investment decisions and the profits of private firms. D. most politicians are susceptible to bribes. E. most government leaders were once CEOs of large corporations.
C
According to the text, the principle of majority rule A. is of no relevance in a representative democracy. B. is applied in the United States to virtually every important issue. C. is applied in the United States only to a confined range of issues. D. is the principle upon which the Declaration of Independence is based. E. is the principle upon which the Constitution is based.
C
According to the text, today considerable power has gravitated to the federal government, but for much of U.S. history, the bulk of government power A. was also exercised by the national government. B. was exercised by local governments such as those of cities and towns. C. was exercised by state governments. D. was exercised by the Supreme Court. E. was exercised by small businesses.
C
An economic system based on the private ownership of property in which profit is pursued through the investment of capital and the employment of labor is called (blank). A. the market B. the corporate complex C. capitalism D. republicanism E. democracy
C
Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution states that Congress shall have all of the following powers except the power to A. declare war. B. collect taxes. C. make treaties. D. borrow money. E. establish post offices.
C
Currently, the unit rule in presidential elections is used A. in all states because the Constitution requires that it be used. B. in all states even though the Constitution doesn't require that it be used. C. in the vast majority of states. D. in about half the states. E. in only a few states.
C
In 2011, the top 1% of income earners in the United States owned about (blank) of the nation's wealth. A. 5% B. 25% C. 40% D. 60% E. 80%
C
Members of the House of the Representatives serve (blank) -year terms, and the House currently has (blank) members. A. 2, 235 B. 2, 335 C. 2, 435 D. 4, 335 E. 4, 435
C
Of the following, which is an independent regulatory commission? A. the Office of Management and Budget B. the National Security Council C. the Federal Reserve Board D. the Department of State E. the Bureau of the Census
C
The Declaration of Independence A. was signed in 1787. B. was written to compensate for the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. C. states that all human beings have certain unalienable rights. D. is just another name for what is usually called the Constitution. E. affirmed Great Britain's right to rule the thirteen colonies.
C
The U.S. Constitution makes the (blank) commander in chief of the military. A. highest-ranking U.S. Army General B. Secretary of Defense C. President D. Joint Chiefs of Staff E. highest-ranking U.S. Navy Officer
C
The number of a state's electors in the Electoral College is determined by A. the state's population. B. the number of members the state elects to the House of Representatives. C. the sum of the state's members in the House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. D. the number of the state's U.S. Senators. E. electoral laws established by Congress.
C
The president's powers are enumerated in (blank) of the U.S. Constitution. A. the Bill of RIghts B. Article I C. Article II D. the Preamble E. the Amendments
C
What constituency does a Senator represent? A. congressional district within a state B. country C. state D. city E. the United States as a whole
C
The National Labor Relations Board, the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Reserve Board are all examples of A. the Cabinet. B. Congressional Committees. C. Special Presidential Committees. D. Independent Regulatory Commission. E. Executive Departments.
D
The House of Representatives is composed of (blank) members A. 50 B. 100 C. 270 D. 435 E. 535
D
(Blank) is the idea that the ultimate and supreme source of political authority lies not with rulers but with the people, the citizens of a republic. A. The market B. The Bill of Rights C. The separation of powers D. Popular sovereignty E. Federalism
D
According to the Constitution, the number of Electoral College votes assigned to each state is determined by A. the state's population. B. the number of members that state has in the House of Representatives. C. the number of counties in the state. D. by adding together the number of members the state has in the House of Representatives plus its two senators. E. the number of active political parties in the state.
D
According to the text, the Founders A. all secretly wanted the United States to be a monarchy. B. wanted to make it easy for government to respond to the wishes of the majority of citizens. C. were not concerned with protecting property rights. D. feared that democracy could endanger the rights of property owner. E. were following the examples of dozens of other countries in trying to establish government in which political authority would be in the hands of the people, not the king.
D
According to the text, the Founders A. were not worried about the excess of democracy. B. were worried about an excess of democracy but thought nothing could be done to prevent it. C. viewed the House as providing more protection against excess of democracy than would the House. D. viewed the Senate as providing more protection against excess of democracy than would the House.. E. viewed the House and the Senate as providing equal protection against excess of democracy.
D
According to the text, the U.S. Constitution divides political power A. vertically but not horizontally. B. horizontally but not vertically. C. neither horizontally nor vertically. D. both horizontally and vertically. E. horizontally, vertically, and circularly.
D
According to the text, the most open and accessible branch of government is the A. presidency. B. Supreme Court. C. Federal Reserve D. Congress. E. Federal Elections Commission.
D
All of the following statements about the Bill of Rights are true except A. it constitutes the first ten amendments of the Constitution. B. it prohibits Congress from designating any religion as an official one. C. it prohibits courts from requiring people to testify against themselves. D. it guarantees all adults over the age of twenty-one the right to vote. E. it reserves to the people or the states any powers not explicitly assigned to the federal government.
D
Compared to the gap between high and low incomes in the United States, the wealth gap is A. much smaller. B. slightly smaller. C. about the same. D. greater. E. so difficult to measure that it's impossible to make such comparisons.
D
In discussing criteria for assessing how well a representative democracy is working, the text says all of the following except A. it's important to consider whether representatives are aware of constituents' interests. B. it's important to consider whether representatives are responsive to constituents' interests. C. it's important to consider whether representatives are effective in acting on behalf of constituents. D. it's important to consider whether the representatives live in the same neighborhood as their constituents. E. it's important to consider how inequality of resources affects the operation of the representative democracy.
D
In discussing the consequences of the president being the commander in chief of the armed forces, the text says all of the following except A. the Constitution gives Congress, not the president, the power to declare war. B. the Founders intended the president's power as commander in chief to be confined to the limited occasions when hostilities begin. C. President Reagan ordered the invasion of Grenada without seeking Congressional authorization. D. President Lincoln was unique among U.S. presidents in that he never undertook military action without first obtaining Congressional approval. E. President Polk provoked war with Mexico in 1846 by sending U.S. troops into disputed land between Texas and Mexico.
D
Regarding military spending, the United States spends (blank). A. about the same as the second-biggest military spending nation, China B. slightly more than the second-biggest military spending nation, China C. about the same as the next five highest military spending nations combined D. more than the next fifteen highest military spending nations combined E. more than all other nations combined
D
Senators serve (blank) -year terms, and each state has (blank) senators. A. 2, 1 B. 4, 1 C. 4, 2 D. 6, 2 E. 8, 2
D
Since 1980, the gap between the rich and poor in the United States has A. decreased a lot. B. decreased a little. C. stayed about the same. D. increased. E. been so difficult to measure that there's no way of knowing whether the gap has decreased, increased, or remained the same.
D
The Constitution as initially ratified said that senators would be (blank), and member of the House of Representatives would be (blank). A. elected by the people, elected by the people B. elected by the people, appointed by state legislatures C. elected by the people, appointed by the president and the state legislatures working together D. appointed by the state legislatures, elected by the people E. appointed by the state legislatures, appointed by the state legislatures
D
The national government is characterized by a system of checks and balances that includes all of the following except A. the capacity to govern is shared by the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. B. the president can veto congressional legislation. C. the Senate must approve key presidential appointments. D. the president can remove Supreme Court justices whose decisions are unconstitutional. E. the Supreme Court can review laws passed by Congress and signed by the president
D
The text points out that for four years after the 9/11 attacks, seven out of ten U.S. citizens believed that Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein was linked to the attacks despite there being no credible evidence of this connection. The book makes this point primarily to support its claim that A. U.S. citizens know less about foreign affairs than do citizens in other countries. B. the media is filled with lies, half-truths and meaningless propaganda. C. the George W. Bush administration lied to the public more than any other administration. D. the president has an unparalleled advantage in defining political reality for most U.S. citizens. E. Hussein's U.S. supporters failed to make effective arguments on his behalf.
D
The text says the U.S. system of political power incorporates all of the following elements except A. a system of separation of powers. B. a system of shared powers. C. a system of checks and balances. D. a system where the executive and legislative branches are fused. E. a system of federalism.
D
The trial of impeachment takes place in (blank). A. U.S. Supreme Court B. Federal District Court C. the House of Representatives D. the U.S. Senate E. the Office of the Executive
D
What percent of the U.S.'s total income is earned by the richest 20% of the country's households? A. approximately 20% B. approximately 30% C. approximately 40% D. more than 50% E. more than 80%
D
According to the text A. contrary to popular belief, politics is less polarized now than it was fifty years ago. B. U.S. politics is more divided by income and social class than it is by race. C. throughout the twentieth century, the vast majority of southern whites voted Republican. D. in the past half-century, differences within the Democratic and Republican parties have gotten larger at the same time as differences between the two parties have gotten smaller. E. in the past half-century, differences within the the Democratic and Republican parties have gotten smaller at the same time as differences between the two parties have become larger.
E
A(n) (blank) is a binding directive issued by the president, within areas in which the president has constitutional authority, to members of the executive branch and private citizens or groups. A. veto B. makeup C. discharge petition D. pardon E. executive order
E
According to the Constitution, in order for a candidate to be elected president, the candidate A. must receive a majority of the popular vote. B. must receive a majority of the popular vote and a majority of votes in the Electoral College. C. must receive a majority for votes in the Electoral College and a majority of votes in the Senate. D. must receive two-thirds of the votes in the Electoral College. E. must receive a majority of votes in the Electoral College.
E
According to the Constitution, the president has all of the following powers except A. she or he is commander in chief of the armed forces. B. she or he can veto legislation. C. she or he can appoint government officials. D. she or he can make treaties. E. she or he can declare war.
E
According to the text A. the Founders expected members of Congress to represent a national constituency. B. the Founders had no expectations about what kind of constituency members of Congress would represent. C. all members of Congress represent a national constituency. D. no members of Congress represent a national constituency. E. the Founders expected members of Congress to represent a local constituency.
E
According to the text A. the world is no more interconnected now than it was a century ago. B. it is only in the twentieth century that U.S. politics have been shaped by war and trade. C. despite global interconnectedness, domestic and international affairs remain largely separate from one another. D. as a result of the attacks of 9/11, the United States is no longer the world's lone superpower. E. global interdependence increases U.S. power and vulnerability at one and the same time.
E
According to the text, all of the following are key presidential roles except A. conducting foreign policy. B. supervising the federal bureaucracy. C. directing the economy. D. managing the conflict. E. voting in the U.S. Congress.
E
According to the text, all of the following have contributed to the growth of presidential power in the twentieth century except that A. corporations outgrew the narrow boundaries of the states. B. the federal government became responsible for managing the economy. C. the federal government took on new social responsibilities. D. the United States became a global power. E. the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution was ratified.
E
According to the text, contemporary presidents exercise power for all of the following purposes except A. making capitalism work at home B. maintaining political stability. C. defending the United States at home. D. defending the United States abroad. E. promoting moral values.
E
According to the text, it is important to consider substantive as well as procedural democracy. If a political scientist were studying to the extent to which there is substantive democracy in a political system, she or he would most likely be concerned with A. what the Constitution said. B. whether the political system had a bill of rights. C. how much federalism existed. D. what the laws said about how members of the legislature are elected. E. how economic inequality affected the operation of the political system.
E
According to the text, the most powerful predictor of an individual's health and mortality is that individual's (blank) A. genetics. B. exposure to carcinogens. C. smoking. D. social class position. E. race.
E
According to the text, the public often lacks respect for Congress mainly because A. members of Congresss are seen as spending too much time arguing with one another. B. Congress is seen as focusing too much on foreign policy at the expense of domestic issues. C. Congress is seen as failing to follow the agenda set for it by the president. D. the House of Representatives is seen as having more influence than the Senate. E. special interests are seen as having more influence than the people.
E
According to the text, which president has claimed the right of the president to order- without judicial review-targeted killings not only of foreigners but of American citizens regarded as security threats? A. Ronald Reagan B. George H.W. Bush C. Bill Clinton D. George W. Bush E. Barack Obama
E
As a result of the election of Barack Obama, the country's first black president, people of color now A. earn as much as whites. B. live as long as whites. C. are less victimized by street crime than whites are D. are as well educated as whites are. E. experience similar conditions as before; the income and wealth of people of color has not significantly improved since the election of Barack Obama.
E
In presidential elections, the unit rule most commonly refers to the fact that A. the unit of government that choose the president is the Electoral College. B. each member of the Electoral College has only one vote. C. each member of the House of Representatives has only one vote. D. the House of Representatives is the unit of government that elects the president if no majority is reached in the Electoral College. E. the candidate who gets more popular votes in a state than any other candidate gets all of that state's Electoral College votes.
E
In the contemporary United States A. the vast majority of Evangelical Protestants vote Republican, as do the vast majority of Catholics and other Protestants. B. the vast majority of Protestants vote Democratic. C. the vast majority of Catholics vote Republican. D. the vast majority of Jews vote Republican. E. roughly half of Catholics vote Democratic and roughly half vote Republican.
E
Under the Articles of Confederation, the federal government had the exclusive power to A. coin money. B. levy taxes. C. raise a militia. D. make rules regarding international trade. E. negotiate treaties with other nations.
E
When political scientists talk about the "privileged position of business" they mainly mean that A. business executives are greedy. B. top corporate executives get away with more illegal activity than most other people. C. top corporate executives are admitted to elite private clubs that exclude blue-collar workers. D. top corporate executives get paid much more than factory workers. E. business leaders have an advantage in influencing public policy debates.
E
When political scientists use the term divided government, they are referring mainly to A. the inability of Republicans and Democrats to agree with one another. B. the fact that the president is not a member of Congress. C. situations in which the divisions within the parties are as large as the differences between them. D. situations in which one party controls the House and the other party controls the Senate. E. situations in which one party controls the presidency and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress
E
Which of the amendments to the Constitution indicates that powers not delegated to the national government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or the people? A. First B. Third C. Fifth D. Eighth E. Tenth
E
