POLS 202 Ch 7, 12

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The phrase stare decisis means

"let the decision stand"

About ________ percent of all cases in the United States are heard in federal courts.

1%

There are ____ circuits in the United States court of appeals

13

There are ________ circuits in the United States Court of Appeals.

13

Marbury v. Madison was decided in ________.

1803

In which of the following was there NOT an electoral realignment?

1994

Under normal rules of oral argument, each lawyer has ________ to present his or her case before the Supreme Court.

30 minutes

About ________ percent of eligible voters turn out for midterm congressional elections.

33%

Each Supreme Court justice is assigned ________ law clerks.

4

_____ are nonprofit independent groups that receive and distribute funds to influence the nomination, election, and defeat of a candidate

527 committees

The United States has had ________ party systems since 1790.

6

There are approximately ________ federal district court judges in the United States.

679

In 2012, about ________ percent of Latino Americans voted for Barack Obama.

70%

How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?

9

There are ________ U.S. district courts.

94

About ______ percent of African-Americans voted for Barack Obama in 2012

95

Most cases reach the Supreme Court through ____

A writ of certiorari

When a justice disagrees with the ruling of the course majority but not all of its reasoning he or she may be often write

A writ of certiorari

Which of the following statements is true about political participation?

African Americans and Latinos are less likely to participate in politics than whites

Which of the following statements about federal courts is most accurate?

Although the federal courts hear only a small fraction of all of the civil and criminal cases decided each year in the United States, their decisions are extremely important because they interpret the Constitution and the federal laws that govern all Americans

In most circumstances a Supreme Court is best described as a in most circumstances a Supreme Court is best described as a _____ court

Appellate

Which of the following is part of the Miranda rule?

Arrested people have the right to remain silent

In recent years federal court appointments have

Been characterized by intense partisan and ideological efforts to support defeat the candidate

Written document in which attorneys explain why the court should rule in favor of their clients is called a _____

Brief

Went interest groups involved in a litigation pursue a pattern of cases strategy they are

Bringing the same type of suit into multiple circuits hoping that a contradiction in rulings will bring about a Supreme Court review

During the late 1840s and early 1850s both the Democratic and Whig parties were divided by

Conflict over slavery

The size of the U.S. Supreme Court is set by ________.

Congress

The two major parties in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s were the ________ and the ________.

Democrats; Whigs

What is the significance of dissenting opinions?

Dissents are signs that the court is in disagreement on an issue and could change it's ruling

________ occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress.

Divided party government

The first party system was characterized by conflict between the ________ and the ________.

Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans

________ warned Americans against the dangers of political parties in his farewell address.

George Washington

Prisoners who are challenging their convictions are most likely to seek a writ of

Habeas corpus

What did the justices rule in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004)?

Hamdi was entitled to a lawyer and an opportunity to rebut the governments charges against him

The number of cases filed in the Supreme Court

Has increased dramatically since 1940

And individuals psychological attachment to one party or another is called a party ____

Identification

Which of the following statements about the Supreme Court is true?

In 2014, five of the nine justices were appointed by Republican presidents

Which of the following statements about voting rights is correct?

Many states have laws restricting the voting rights of persons convicted of felonies

Which of the following statements about Organizing for America (OFA) is FALSE?

OFA has established offices in only three states: California, New York, and Massachussetts

the certiorari pool describes the

Practiced by which Supreme Court law clerks work together to evaluate each petition

Prior cases whose principles are used by judges to decide current cases are called _____

Precedents

Third-party candidates are better off under ______

Proportional representation

State ballot access laws, such as registration fees and petition requirements, have the effect of

Reducing the number of third-party an independent candidates who can run office

Reconstruction after the Civil War was led by the ________ Party.

Republican

Which of the following statements about party building is true?

Republicans have paid much more attention to party building than the Democrats since the Eisenhower presidency

Which of the following best indicated the downfall of the New Deal coalition?

Richard Nixon's election in 1968

Why did many Republicans oppose President Obamas nomination of Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court ?

She supported affirmative action

Which of the following statements best describes the Supreme Court?

The justices have broad latitude to decide which cases they will hear and generally here only those cases they deem to raise the most important issues

"Me too" Republicanism refers to

The tendency of republican politicians during the New Deal to support popular programs such as Social Security rather than advance alternative policies.

Solicitor General is the

Top ranking official in the department of justice

The New Deal coalition was severely strained and ultimately broken apart by the ________

Vietnam War and the issue of civil rights

Which of the following statements about voter identification laws is most accurate?

Voter identification laws in the states disproportionately affect minority citizens and the less affluent

________ is the single most important political act for most Americans.

Voting

______ occurs when a criminal case is resolved through a negotiated agreement before a full trial is completed.

a plea bargain

A person, agency, or interest group not directly a party to a case but with an interest in its outcome may file a(n) ________ brief.

amicus curiae

Which of the following occurs when one party becomes dominant after replacing another party that has dominated national politics for a lengthy period of time?

an electoral realignment

The Tea Party movement is

an organized challenge to incumbents in the Republican party by the most conservative wings of the Republican party

When Richard Nixon employed his "southern strategy," he

appealed to disaffected white voters in the South

In most circumstances, a supreme court is best described as a(n) ________ court.

appellate

In recent years, federal court appointments have

been characterized by extreme partisan and ideological efforts to support or defeat the candidate

When interest groups involved in litigation pursue a "pattern of cases" strategy, they are

bringing the same type of suits into multiple circuits, hoping that a contradiction in rulings will bring about a Supreme Court review

Which group was NOT a part of the New Deal coalition?

business leaders

All of the following are part of the official jurisdiction of the federal courts EXCEPT

cases involving citizens of more than one state where less than $75,000 is at stake

When a private individual brings a suit against a company for breaking a contract, this is an example of ________ law.

civil

During the late 1840s and early 1850s, both the Democratic and Whig parties were divided by

conflicts over slavery

_______ is the single most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes.

education level

________ is the single most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes.

education level

The right of due process is best described as the right of

every person not to be treated arbitrarily by a government or official

Which of the following is NOT a key factor affecting one's level of participation?

geographic region

Prisoners who are challenging their convictions are most likely to seek a writ of ________.

habeas corpus

An individual's psychological attachment to one party or another is called a party ________.

identification

The assignment of the opinion in a Supreme Court case is

important because differences in wording and emphasis can have important implications for how the decision is interpreted for future litigation

It is likely that eliminating state-level voter registration laws would

increase voter turnout among younger people

Through the exercise of ________, the Supreme Court has held actions or laws of the executive and legislative branches unconstitutional.

judicial review

Which of the following characteristics constitutes one's socioeconomic status?

level of income, level of political participation, and prestige of occupation

Which of the following statements about parties in Congress is FALSE?

only members of the majority party are allowed to take a part in the election of the Speaker of the House

The party that brings a complaint in court is called the ________, and the one against whom the complaint is brought is called the ________.

plaintiff; defendant

Third-party candidates are better off under ________.

proportional representation

State ballot access laws, such as registration fees and petition requirements, have the effect of

reducing the number of third party and independent candidates who can run for office

During the 1980s, the Republicans added ________to their coalition

religious conservatives and working-class whites

Senatorial courtesy describes the practice of

senators from a president's party approving of a judicial nominee from their home state

Third parties in the United States typically represent

social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons

Women in the United States are ________ the ________ Party.

somewhat more likely to support; Democratic

Men in the United States are ________ the ________ Party.

somewhat more likely to support; Republican

The jurisdiction of each federal court is derived from ________.

the Constitution and federal law

The Federalist Party disappeared forever as a result of ________

the War of 1812

What was known as the "court packing" plan?

the attempt by President Fredrick Roosevelt to add sympathetic justices to the Supreme Court in order to get New Deal laws upheld as Constitutional

Dealignment refers to

the decline of partisan attachment within the electorate, the growth in the number of voters identifying themselves as independents, and the rise of split ticket voting

If a man is arrested because his home was searched by police without a legal warrant, he could argue in court that he had been denied ________.

the due process of law

Why has partisan conflict surrounded federal judicial appointments in recent years?

the federal courts play an important role in shaping American law and politics

Which of the following is NOT part of a country's party system?

the laws that govern how much money parties can raise and spend in election campaigns

Aside from the justices themselves, who or what has the greatest power in shaping the flow of cases to the Supreme Court?

the solicitor general

Under the Constitution, ________ has/have the power to regulate elections.

the state legislatures

The United States began its tradition of ________ during the early nineteenth century.

the two-party system

Incumbents in Congress

typically raise three times the money for theirpolitical campaigns than challengers

The Populist Party appealed to which of the following groups?

western mining interests, small farmers and urban workers

Historically, realignments occur

when new issues combine with economic or political crises to mobilize new voters and persuade large numbers of voters to reexamine their traditional partisan loyalties

Which of the following statements is true about political participation?

young people are far less likely to participate in politics than older people


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