POLS1 Week 8

The Bill of Rights was adopted because the

Antifederalists demanded it as the price of ratification of the Constitution.

________ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering.

Civil liberties

The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense in

District of Columbia v. Heller.

________ prevent(s) people from being tried twice for the same crime.

Double jeopardy

What was the main reason why Alexander Hamilton opposed a bill of rights?

He believed it was unnecessary for a national government to possess only explicitly delegated powers.

How does America differ from other Western nations on the death penalty?

It is the only Western nation that still executes criminals.

How did the Supreme Court extend freedom of speech to protect against acts of state governments in 1925?

It ruled that freedom of speech was a fundamental right and liberty and according to the Fourteenth Amendment states cannot deny any person of life, liberty, or property.

The requirement that a person under arrest be informed of his or her right to remain silent is known as the ________ rule.

Miranda

Which Supreme Court case was related to the publication of the so-called Pentagon Papers?

New York Times v. United States

________ argued that there was a "wall of separation" between church and state.

Thomas Jefferson

It was in 2020 that the US Supreme Court ruled that convictions in all criminal trials require a unanimous jury verdict.

True

Can federal courts force journalists to reveal their sources of information, and why?

Yes; there is no federal shield law that protects journalists and their sources.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have been extremely important in the development of

a constitutional right to privacy

What was the goal of the crowd that forced its way into the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 to change the results of the November 3, 2021 presidential election to keep Donald Trump the president of the United States all of these answers are correct to prevent certification of the Electoral College votes

all of these answers are correct

McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was significant because it

applied the Second Amendment to state governments.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) was important because it produced rules that must be used

by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect.

The first test for determining when the government may intervene to suppress political speech was called the ________ test.

clear and present danger

Which of the following is the best example of the concept "speech plus"?

distributing leaflets while chanting slogans at a protest demonstration

The ________ rule forbids the introduction in trial of any piece of evidence that has been obtained illegally.

exclusionary

The ________ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses.

free exercise

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

laws passed in the 1790s that made it a crime to say or publish anything that would defame the government of the United States

Conflicts over whether public schools should be allowed to assign readings from the Bible and lead nondenominational prayers are examples of disagreements over the

meaning of the establishment clause.

Near v. Minnesota (1931) established the principle that

only under the most extraordinary circumstances could the government prevent the publication of newspapers and magazines.

Which of the following forms of speech receives the greatest level of First Amendment protection?

political speech that does not incite violence

In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court

prohibited states from making abortion a criminal act prior to the point at which the fetus becomes viable.

The 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act

required the government to prove a "compelling interest" before forcing individuals to obey a law that violates their religious beliefs.

A woman is trying to buy birth control at a pharmacy, but the pharmacist refuses to sell her birth control on religious grounds. Which right is the pharmacist infringing upon?

right to privacy

The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate speech is called

strict scrutiny.

Which government agency is placed in charge of prohibiting false and misleading advertising?

the Federal Trade Commission

Which of the following is the best definition of due process of law?

the right of every individual against arbitrary action by national or state governments

The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution deals with

the right to bear arms.

When The Slants wanted to trademark their group's name:

they thought they could reduce the harmfulness of the term by adopting it as their name

In Maryland v. King (2012), the Supreme Court

upheld a policy of DNA testing of arrestees without providing evidence of individualized suspicion.

Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's first ruling on the nationalization of the Bill of Rights in the 1833?

The Bill of Rights limits the national government but not state governments.

Which of the following statements about grand juries is most accurate?

The Fifth Amendment provision for a grand jury has never been incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state criminal prosecutions.

The text of the Fourteenth Amendment states

"nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."