Pop Health Exam 2
A nurse demonstrates cultural competence by using statements such as: "I know how you feel." "Tell me about your health care beliefs." "Let me show you the way you should do this." "You can do things in a more modern way now."
"Tell me about your health care beliefs."
Since 1998, nurse practitioners (NPs) and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are reimbursed by Medicare Part B at a rate that is what percent of physician rates for the same service? 50% 70% 85% 95%
85%
A community-based HIV/AIDS clinic would be concerned about which aspects of the Public Health Code of Ethics? Select all that apply. Autonomy of the professional Confidentiality when possible Funding Promoting advocacy for disenfranchised persons Respecting only community rights
Confidentiality when possible Promoting advocacy for disenfranchised persons
Which of the following factors have had an impact on the complex relationship among nursing practice, health policy, and politics? Select all that apply. Categorical funding Death penalty Head Start Health fairs Statutory authority for the profession
Categorical funding Head Start Statutory authority for the profession
Several community-oriented nurses want to explore the problem of obesity in school-age children and assess their community school district health status related to that problem. When gathering information at a national level, they would begin with the: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
When final health care-related regulations are published, they often lead to changes in practice. After a period of draft review, public comment/hearing, further study if necessary, and then final redrafting, the regulations at both federal and state levels carry the weight of law and are published in the: ANA Code of Conduct. Code of Regulations. Patient Safety Act of 1997. Interstate Nurse Licensure Compact.
Code of Regulations.Code of Regulations.
A nurse performing home hospice case management notes the increasing number of hospice clients that lack caregivers in the home environment. The nurse identifies the potential need for a hospice house facility to meet the needs of these clients. The case management process frequently reveals such larger picture issues as: (select all that apply) Community cost concerns Community conflict-resolution skills Community satisfaction Community weaknesses in quality of services Community weaknesses in quantity of services
Community weaknesses in quality of services Community weaknesses in quantity of services
What are some of the benefits of an electronic medical record in the public health setting? Timely billing and financial reimbursement for services provided Improved public reporting of medication errors Coordination of referrals and facilitation of chronic disease management Improvement of quality measurement and monitoring Incorporation of protocol reminders for prevention, screening, and management of chronic disease
Coordination of referrals and facilitation of chronic disease management Improvement of quality measurement and monitoring Incorporation of protocol reminders for prevention, screening, and management of chronic disease
Implementing a community-level program, such as walking for exercise, to assist citizens in improving health behaviors is an example of which level of prevention? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Disease promotion
Primary prevention
A nurse exclaims proudly to other nurses at the agency, "The care I provide is the same for everyone. I treat everyone the same." In fact, this nurse is demonstrating what inhibitor to developing cultural competence? Cultural blindness Cultural competence Cultural conflict Culture shock
Cultural blindness
A nurse in community health that administers a local WIC program for women, infants, and children is participating in a federal-state collaborative program that receives oversight from the: Department of Agriculture (DOA). Department of Defense (DOD). Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Department of Labor (DOL).
Department of Agriculture (DOA).
The historical figure whose work in providing care to poor people, primary prevention, and environmental health established that individual as nursing's first moral leader and community-oriented nurse was: Sister Mary Augustine. Florence Nightingale. William Rathbone. Lillian Wald.
Florence Nightingale.
What are some of the effects of technology in the area of home health care? High technology equipment increases expense. Technology decreases legal liability. Technology has the potential for increased privacy. Technology quickly becomes outdated when newer developments occur. There is inconsistent quality of resources available on the Internet.
High technology equipment increases expense. Technology quickly becomes outdated when newer developments occur. There is inconsistent quality of resources available on the Internet
What are some examples of programs which may be provided at the local health department level? Select all that apply. Immunization clinics Health education Family planning services Licensing of health care professionals Quality and safety data
Immunization clinics Health education Family planning services
The primary reasons for delay, difficulty, or failure to access care include which of the following factors? Select all that apply. The increase in safety net providers Inability to afford health care and a variety of insurance-related reasons Lack of transportation Refusal of services by providers Resolved nursing shortage
Inability to afford health care and a variety of insurance-related reasons Lack of transportation Refusal of services by providers
Public health programs are designed with the goal of improving a population's health status. Which of the following apply to public health? It is a branch of medicine. It is funded at a local level. It is health status monitored at the state level. It is implemented at the federal level. It is an organized community approach.
It is health status monitored at the state level. It is an organized community approach.
A public health nurse employed by the Department of Health is working on a team developing local health policy. The nurse recognizes which of the following about policy development? It is based on Socratic method. It is important that the policy has been approved by the American Nurses Association. It is primarily up to politicians to plan for health care. It is very similar to the nursing process.
It is very similar to the nursing process.
Primary care refers to personal health care for the most common needs of members of a community. Which of the following statements also differentiates primary care from primary health care? Primary care consists of a multidisciplinary team. Primary care is provided within the context of family and community. Primary care encourages self-care and self-management. Primary care provides first-contact, continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated care. Primary care provides preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services.
Primary care is provided within the context of family and community. Primary care provides first-contact, continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated care.
A nurse in community health is participating in a community service board strategic team that is currently assessing the community's strengths, the local public mental health system, the community's mental health status, and other variables. This best describes what strategic program planning model used today in the public health arena? Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH) Health Evaluation Data Information System (HEDIS) Mobilizing for Action Through Planning and Partnership (MAPP) Planning Approach to Community Health (PATCH)
Mobilizing for Action Through Planning and Partnership (MAPP)
A useful way to distinguish between Medicare Part A and Medicare Part B is to recognize that: (select all that apply) Part A covers outpatient hospital care. Part B covers limited skilled nursing care. Part A is hospital insurance. Part B is noninstitutional care insurance. Part B is a voluntary supplemental program.
Part A is hospital insurance. Part B is noninstitutional care insurance. Part B is a voluntary supplemental program.
A nurse works in a free clinic for uninsured low-wage employees in the community. The free clinic setting operates in a primary health care (PHC) strategy. The nurse would most likely focus on: Incidence of the disease. Physician orders for the individual. Pathophysiology of the disease. Self-care/management.
Self-care/management.
A nurse who questions whether a particular activity in her job description is within her scope of practice would look to which government jurisdiction or agency to seek the clarification? Federal system State system Department of Labor U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
State system
The federal agency most responsible for improving the health status of the American people is the: Office of Health Preparedness. Office of Global Affairs. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
A 3-year smoking cessation program for teens has just concluded. The type of evaluation the staff will conduct is: a formative evaluation. an informal evaluation. an ongoing evaluation. a summative evaluation.
a summative evaluation.
A nurse is caring for a client of another culture. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? a. Alter personal nonverbal behaviors to reflect the cultural norms of the client. b. Keep all behaviors culturally neutral to avoid misinterpretation. c. Rely on friendly gestures to communicate caring for the client. d. Avoid any pretense of prejudice by treating the client in the same way as any other client.
a. Alter personal nonverbal behaviors to reflect the cultural norms of the client.
A nurse is preparing an educational program on cultural perspectives in nursing. The nurse should include that which of the following are influenced by an individual's culture? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a. Nutritional practices b. Family structure c. Health care interactions d. Biological variations e. Views about illness
a. Nutritional practices b. Family structure c. Health care interactions e. Views about illness
Health care costs are influenced by factors related to demographic changes, new technology, resource intensity, and: a. chronic illness. b. market practices. c. nursing shortages. d. professional competition.
a. chronic illness.
As a result of recent social policy changes, public health agencies have shifted their emphasis from a focus on primary health care services to a focus on core public health activities because of new and re-emerging public health issues. A critical aspect of ensuring the public health system's ability to address these issues is: additional regulation. adequate funding. bioterrorism strategy. media coverage.
adequate funding.
A nurse coordinating care for undocumented minority workers with a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) conducts a presentation before the local community health board to focus attention on the magnitude of the problem and its potential impact on the local community. The presentation stimulates the community to explore innovative solutions to increase screening for and treatment of TB cases. This scenario is an example of the relationship between: advocacy and case management. advocacy and continuity of care. care management and case management. care management and continuity of care.
advocacy and case management.
A parent involved in conflict resolution with her teenager says, "I know that some of your friends stay out until midnight, but I think it is best if you are in at 10 o'clock." This statement, a behavior seen in conflict situations, is an example of: negotiation. cooperation. assertiveness. aggressiveness.
assertiveness.
The ethical question, "Are persons assigned to develop community knowledge adequately prepared to collect data on groups and populations?" is based on an ethical tenet that supports the community-oriented core function of: assessment. assurance. policy development. compliance.
assessment.
When acting as a mediator, the nurse advocate would: choose a new health plan for a client with limited funds. assist new parents in communicating with their health plan regarding well-baby coverage. provide health education to teens who need knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases. set up a doctor's appointment for an illiterate adult.
assist new parents in communicating with their health plan regarding well-baby coverage.
A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse? a. Increase the community's knowledge about hospice care b. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members c. Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site d. Ensure timely and effective medical intervention and treatment for family members
b. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members
A case manager submits documentation that a nursing visit was completed at a client's home, but it was never performed. According to the general areas of legal risk, how would this action best be categorized? a. liability for managing care b. fraud / abuse c. negligent referral d. confidentiality / security
b. fraud / abuse
A case manager is concerned that some of the clients at the neighborhood clinic are getting fewer services because of their financial situations. The case manager is confronting the ethical principle of: justice. veracity. deontology. beneficence.
beneficence.
A community-based hospice nurse has an Asian male client with terminal stage cancer. The client complains that he is in continuous pain and receives no relief from the codeine prescribed by his primary care practitioner (PCP). The nurse contacts the client's PCP to discuss replacing the prescription of codeine with another pain-reducing non-codeine-based drug. The nurse is demonstrating knowledge of the cultural organizing factor of: biological variance. communication. space. time perception.
biological variance.
A nurse in community health has determined that there is a need for a program for teenage fathers who want to learn about child care. The next step in the program management process would be to: a. Conduct a survey to determine how many children that fathers have b. Determine whether the fathers have benefitted from this type of program before c. Meet with the community members to form a planning body. d. Provide the fathers with community resources
c. Meet with the community members to form a planning body.
When health care providers in the community refuse to accept Medicare clients, this implies reduced access to care, potential decreases in acceptable quality of services offered, and a form of health care rationing. Health care rationing becomes a public health and nursing issue because: a. Medicare reimbursement needs to be higher. b. Proactive primary prevention orientation is cost effective. c. Public health systems and nurses must ensure that essential clinical services are available. d. Sufficient resources are available in the public health system to meet the unmet need.
c. Public health systems and nurses must ensure that essential clinical services are available.
A nurse demonstrates cultural desire to provide culturally competent care by: a. Relying on a textbook for information about an ethnic group b. Bringing a translator to the local community clinic c. Taking "Spanish for Healthcare" classes in the evening at a local college. d. Judging others using his or her own cultural values
c. Taking "Spanish for Healthcare" classes in the evening at a local college.
A community health nurse is working with an uninsured family with two children. The nurse assists the parents in applying for SCHIP benefits and securing an appointment for the children with a community pediatrician that participates in SCHIP. The intervention can best be described as: care management. case management. continuity of care. disease management.
case management.
Virtue ethics is distinctly different from moral justification via theories or principles because the emphasis of virtue ethics is practical reasoning applied to: character development. consequentialism. distributive justice. egalitarianism.
character development.
Identification of the discrepancies between the quality standards of the agency and the actual practice of the health care professionals is part of the interpretation component of quality assurance programs. Other factors addressed during this stage are: (select all that apply) choices of possible courses of action. follow-up evaluation. strengths and weaknesses. taking action.
choices of possible courses of action. strengths and weaknesses.
Health care costs are influenced by factors related to demographic changes, new technology, resource intensity, and: chronic illness. market practices. nursing shortages. professional competition.
chronic illness.
In case management, it is unlikely that any single professional has the expertise, knowledge, or skills required to achieve success. The synergy produced by all involved parties (client, providers, payers, family/significant others, and community organizations) can result in successful outcomes. This statement relates to the sequential process of: collaboration. communication. cooperation. negotiation.
collaboration.
A nurse in community health seeks a low-cost evaluation method to learn the perspectives of the largest number of persons regarding a proposed local safe haven program for unwanted infants. The best evaluation method to meet the criteria would be: community forums. focus groups. key informants. surveys.
community forums.
The major sources of information for program evaluation are: (select all that apply) community indicators. media reports. program clients. program providers. program records.
community indicators. program clients. program records.
A government agency is conducting an audit of all active clients in the local hospice program to ensure that hospice criteria for care are being applied appropriately. The type of tool being used in this specific approach to quality assurance is: concurrent audit. outcome audit. retrospective audit. peer review.
concurrent audit.
The nurse engaging in formative program evaluation would most likely: conduct medical record audits for quality assurance. make a home visit before a client is discharged from the program. participate in new client evaluation. write policy for risk management.
conduct medical record audits for quality assurance.
The concept of managed care is most often associated with processes such as utilization management, disease prevention, health promotion, wellness, and: ambulatory payment classes (APCs). consumer education. retrospective payment. third-party payer.
consumer education.
One specific approach to quality assurance is the use of Total Quality Management (TQM). A district public health department uses this approach and gives much attention to ensuring that studies are used to improve processes, remove management by objectives, and promote self-improvement. The major TQM guideline that would summarize these efforts would be: create, publish, and distribute aims and purposes. creating a strong customer-oriented philosophy that is process-driven. eliminate barriers to pride of work/performance. understand the purpose of inspection.
creating a strong customer-oriented philosophy that is process-driven.
A general approach to quality improvement where a qualified agent designates formal recognition to individuals or institutions that have met minimum standards of performance is best described as: accreditation. charter. credentialing. licensing.
credentialing.
Nurses in community health who understand the basis of their own behaviors and how those behaviors help or hinder the delivery of competent care to persons from cultures other than their own are demonstrating the cultural competence development process construct of: cultural awareness. cultural desire. cultural encounter. cultural skill.
cultural awareness.
A male nurse had a habit of sitting with the lower part of one leg resting over the knee of his opposite leg when collecting a client's history. He stopped doing this around Muslim clients after being told that Muslims were offended when he exposed the sole of his foot (shoe) to their face. Which of the following was exhibited by the nurse when he changed his behavior? a. Cultural accommodation b. Cultural imposition c. Cultural repatterning d. Cultural skill
d. Cultural skill
Caring and the ethic of care is a core value of nursing in community health. This ethical view was developed in the mid-1980s and early 1990s in response to the technical advances in health care science and the desire of nurses to: apply gender-related voices to moral judgment. apply principles of utilitarianism. differentiate distributive justice from beneficence. differentiate nursing practice from medical practice.
differentiate nursing practice from medical practice.
A nurse overhears the doctor saying, "Let's not give him codeine; he is Asian." The nurse reflects on the comment and determines that the: (select all that apply) doctor is culturally competent. doctor is prejudiced. doctor should have called an interpreter. doctor's ability to assess pain based on culture may be limited. doctor is planning care based on racial enzymatic differences.
doctor is culturally competent. doctor is planning care based on racial enzymatic differences.
Local officials have requested a program evaluation of a comprehensive teen sex education program offered in the local schools in preparation for potential budget discussions. A nurse in community health conducts a program evaluation and determines that the teen pregnancy rate has gradually declined over the years that the program has been in place. The community is measuring the program's: efficiency. progress. relevance. sustainability.
efficiency.
The role/activity of the nurse in community health that was most important during the disasters of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent anthrax bioterrorism attack involved: assessment. client-level teaching. enhanced surveillance activities. free and low-cost immunization.
enhanced surveillance activities.
The nurse in community health serves as a bridge between the at-risk populations and the community's health care resources. This role is based on the nurse's responsibility to: collect and analyze data on programs. ensure that all populations have access to affordable, quality health care. monitor and assess critical health status indicators. provide evidence-based use of resources.
ensure that all populations have access to affordable, quality health care.
A Public Health Service nurse working for the Indian Health Service is working with a client diagnosed with cancer. The client uses sweat lodges to "cure the disease." The nurse understands that within the culture, disease is often perceived as disharmony with other forces, and clients may look to hot or cold treatments to resolve or cure a cancerous condition. The nurse is integrating her knowledge of the cultural organizing factor of: biological variations. communication. environmental control. space.
environmental control.
A major evaluation source for a nurse to use to determine the effectiveness of a teen driver safety program is: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports. epidemiologic data. recent census data. voter registration records.
epidemiologic data.
A mother brings her child to the nurse's office a few days before the first day of class for the new school year. The mother wants the child to begin school but says, "I'm going to take care of the immunizations tomorrow." The most important action the nurse should take is to: conduct a physical exam to determine whether the child is healthy. explain to the parent that all required immunizations must be given before the child will be allowed to enter school. let the child begin school but ensure that the school keeps the child separated from the other children. make sure the child does have an appointment for tomorrow.
explain to the parent that all required immunizations must be given before the child will be allowed to enter school.
In caring for a young adult from West Africa, the community nurse is introduced to another individual who is referred to as "auntie." A culturally competent nurse who is aware of the basic organizing factor of culture related to social organization would: assess the competence of the "auntie" to care for the young adult. assume that the "auntie" is related to one of the young adult's parents. declare that the young adult is capable of making personal health decisions. find out who is considered to be a member of the family.
find out who is considered to be a member of the family.
A nurse who speaks only English has just gotten a new client for an intake interview. The client is a refugee who has very limited English proficiency (LEP). The nurse should: get an interpreter. see whether another nurse, more comfortable with refugees, will work with the client. see what helpful information is on the Internet. try to communicate with hand gestures.
get an interpreter.
The nurse in community health is meeting with staff to systematically plan for a new outreach program. Doing so helps them to: assess the needs of potential outreach clients. recognize the special needs of vulnerable people in the area. identify how the problems of similar programs will not be repeated. identify the resources and activities that will help them meet their program objectives.
identify the resources and activities that will help them meet their program objectives.
The aging population is expected to affect health services more than will any other demographic factor. Another demographic population factor that affects health care costs can be related to: consumer demand. illnesses such as AIDS. marketing practices for new drugs. technology advancement.
illnesses such as AIDS.
The Omaha System is a client classification system developed by the Visiting Nurses Association of Omaha, Nebraska, that has the potential to improve the delivery of care by: improving the description of care. minimizing the assessment required. predicting the outcome. decreasing the communication needs.
improving the description of care.
A new role for public health that is used in widespread public emergencies is: communicable disease control. first responder. incident commander. professional triage.
incident commander.
A community-oriented nurse is interested in studying the hospital discharge data for facilities that typically provide services to members of the community where the nurse practices. The nurse accesses the National Hospital Discharge Survey database of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to identify data at national, regional, and local levels for comparison purposes. The government health care function being used by the nurse is: direct services. financing. information. policy setting.
information.
In applying Ethical Principles for Effective Advocacy, the ethical principle that empowers the client (groups or communities) to make knowledgeable decisions is: act impartially and offer frank, independent advice. act in accordance with the client's wishes and instructions. act in the client's best interest. keep the client properly informed.
keep the client properly informed.
If a small business employer desires to control company benefit expenditures by turning health care decision-making control over to the employees, the insurance reform effort that best addresses the shifting of responsibility, knowledge, and decision-making involvement to the individual receiving the care would be: health spending accounts (HSA). managed care. medical savings account (MSA). prospective payment.
medical savings account (MSA).
A nurse in community health has determined that there is a need for a program for teenage fathers who want to learn about child care. The next step in the program management process would be to: conduct a survey to determine how many children the fathers have. determine whether the fathers have benefited from this type of program before. meet with community members to form a planning body. provide the fathers with community resources.
meet with community members to form a planning body.
A community health nurse involved in care management would most likely: develop, conduct, and evaluate health teaching programs in primary care. manage the staff at a free clinic. monitor the health status, resources, and outcomes for an aggregate. provide immunizations to migrant workers.
monitor the health status, resources, and outcomes for an aggregate.
Ethical decision making is conducted in a generic framework. One step of ethical decision making is to place an ethical issue or dilemma within a meaningful context. The rationale for this step is: multiple factors affect the formulation and justification of ethical issues and dilemmas. the nature of ethical issues and dilemmas determines the specific ethical approach used. people cannot make sound ethical decisions if they cannot identify ethical issues and dilemmas. professional persons cannot avoid choice and action in applied ethics.
multiple factors affect the formulation and justification of ethical issues and dilemmas.
A multidisciplinary quality assurance team has reviewed an organization's stated philosophy and objectives and developed a conceptual model for appraisal that integrates peer review and client satisfaction. The quality assurance program component that should be addressed next would be: action. process. structure. outcome.
outcome.
Provision 3 of the Code of Ethics for Nurses states, "The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient." In applying this provision to practice, the public health nurse understands that: patient means the recipient of nursing care. the profession's integrity is at stake. rights of the individual supersede. this applies only to nursing in community health.
patient means the recipient of nursing care.
The most significant commonalities between the ANA's Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice and the Public Health Code of Ethics assert that advocacy is conducted in the: assertiveness arena. education arena. litigation arena. policy arena.
policy arena.
The nurse in community health prepares a community assessment for the local planning commission and presents data that indicate an increase in violence among young children and teens within the community. The nurse projects the cost of care related to violence in ED visits, treatment of stabbing and gunshot wounds, and rehabilitation. The nurse also produces information on school absenteeism, graduation rates, and teenage rape and pregnancy. The planning commission creates a task force to explore the community outlets for child and teen recreation and the current community education programs available to families and students related to violence prevention, negotiation, and mediation. This can best be described as an example of: disparities in health care. outreach work. power of partnerships. social issues.
power of partnerships.
Of the four major factors that affect health care—personal behavior/lifestyle, environmental factors (physical, social, economic), human biology, and the health care system—medical services are said to have the least effect. Yet, the U.S. health care system remains reactionary with high-cost, high-technology, and disease-specific "sickness care." This statement supports the need for increased investment in: managed care. primary prevention. secondary prevention. tertiary prevention.
primary prevention.
The general approach to quality improvement known as licensure that grants control over who can enter into and who exists in a profession can best be described as a contract between the: consumers and the profession. legislature and the state board. profession and the state. public and the professional associations.
profession and the state.
A nurse working with a Hispanic client explains the referral options available for the client to receive a mammogram. One option is free and has limited Spanish language resources. The other option has a nominal fee and comprehensive Spanish language resources. The nurse supports the client's decision to choose the provider that the client feels would best meet her needs. This advocacy role is best described as: intercessor. mediator. obstructer. promoter.
promoter.
To achieve the major goals of Healthy People 2020, increasing quality and years of healthy life and eliminating health disparities, the partnership between federal, state, and local agencies is critical, and local community coalitions are encouraged because the: federal government is ultimately responsible for the health status of the nation. public demands that the government protect the people. public health departments do not have the resources to accomplish these goals independently. state health department would require a universal approach to achieving objectives.
public health departments do not have the resources to accomplish these goals independently.
When health care providers in the community refuse to accept Medicare clients, this implies reduced access to care, potential decreases in acceptable quality of services offered, and a form of health care rationing. Health care rationing becomes a public health and nursing issue because: Medicare reimbursement needs to be higher. proactive primary prevention orientation is cost effective. public health systems and nurses must ensure that essential clinical services are available. sufficient resources are available in the public health system to meet the unmet need.
public health systems and nurses must ensure that essential clinical services are available.
A state health department wants to ensure that the local health departments are delivering quality client care and can demonstrate the degree of excellence attained. The principle that is best defined by this statement is: continuous quality improvement (CQI). quality assurance (QA). risk management. total quality management (TQM).
quality assurance (QA).
The broad practice of public health requires a set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes in all disciplines. The baccalaureate level of entry for nursing is currently endorsed to achieve the core competencies of public health because of: core public health competencies typically being learned in the workplace. encouragement for nurses with an associate's degree to seek further degrees. financial planning and management skills learned at the master's level. rapid change and limited resources in public health.
rapid change and limited resources in public health.
A nurse in community health that speaks out in a public hearing in support of changes to existing requirements for reporting any long-term effects of structural or organizational changes within the community's health care organizations would be demonstrating: legislative action. health policy. regulatory action. regulatory monitoring.
regulatory action.
The 1989 changes to Medicaid required states to provide care for children younger than 6 years and to pregnant women under 133% of the poverty level. These changes also ensured adequate access to qualified providers by: adding coverage for the medically indigent. reimbursing early periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment (EPSDT) for those younger than 21 years. reimbursing pediatric and family nurse practitioners. reimbursing skilled and intermediate nursing home care.
reimbursing pediatric and family nurse practitioners.
The purpose of record keeping in public health agencies is to maintain complete information on clients served and the extent and quality of service provided to those clients. The records also provide information for education and research. Another important use of the records is to: determine raises for personnel. explain cost overruns. foster independence in clinical practice. resolve legal issues in malpractice suits.
resolve legal issues in malpractice suits.
It is important that nurses understand the nontraditional healing practices of their clients because: folk practices are usually ineffective. nurses can refer clients to the appropriate local folk healers. safe, effective nontraditional healing methods can be blended with Western medicine. the nurse must understand them to help the client give them up.
safe, effective nontraditional healing methods can be blended with Western medicine.
A nurse in community health may have state-granted personal immunity for particular practice areas such as giving immunizations. If the state legislature has granted personal immunity to nurses employed by public agencies to cover all aspects of their practice, the legal theory that applies is: case law. respondeat superior. sovereign immunity. worker's right to know.
sovereign immunity.
A nurse in community health becomes aware that a teen smoking cessation program offered at the health department is a demonstration project. In evaluating this program, the nurse would be concerned with the program's: efficiency. impact. relevance. sustainability.
sustainability.
A nurse in community health seeks to determine whether the visit with an older adult Asian woman is successful. The nurse has not encountered many clients from this culture. An effective way to judge whether a cultural encounter has been effective would include the nurse's sense that the visit was successful, the nurse and client experience little or no stress, and: the client says "thank you." the client nods frequently. the client's family does not complain. tasks are done efficiently.
tasks are done efficiently.
Politics is simply described as: the ability to fund a special project. the art of influencing others. business conducted in the senate. interaction between the policymakers and the public.
the art of influencing others.
A public health nurse has identified the need to make amendments in an existing law concerning the TB health assessment of individuals sentenced to serve jail terms on weekends only, based on the current criminal justice system practices and potential health risk to the free-living community. To raise this concern, the nurse has several paths to follow, but the amendment of any existing laws would ultimately be decided by: the executive branch of the government. the legislative branch of the government. local representatives. senate hearings.
the legislative branch of the government.
Parents can expect their children to be immunized for communicable diseases before entering kindergarten in the local school system because: primary care clinics focus on prevention. primary care clinics maintain adequate supplies of immunization. the public health system has mandates for immunization. the public health system provides good access to immunization clinics.
the public health system has mandates for immunization.
Given recent vaccine shortages for the flu, the local nurses in community health form a group to evaluate the process of scheduling and operating flu vaccination clinics in the community and review the community's complaints from the previous season. The activity best represents the principle of: total quality management (TQM) to achieve continuous quality improvement (CQI). quality assurance (QA) to achieve continuous quality improvement (CQI). risk management to achieve quality. continuous quality improvement (CQI) to achieve total quality management (TQM).
total quality management (TQM) to achieve continuous quality improvement (CQI).
A current dramatic trend in nursing in community health involves: clinical surveillance. shifts in research focus. special needs programs. vulnerable population shifts.
vulnerable population shifts.
A major emerging public health issue facing nursing in community health is: bioterrorism. health literacy. health ministries. welfare reform.
welfare reform.
The community-oriented nursing care function of policy development is supported by the ethical tenet of: competency. do no harm. what is ethical is also good policy. to each person a fair share.
what is ethical is also good policy.
