POPULATION PYRAMIDS
*JC Question (2010)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS Examine the population pyramid for Ireland in 2050. (i) What percentage of the population will be in the 80 + age group in 2050? (ii) Explain why life expectancy will be longer in 2050. (iii) Name two ways in which governments use population pyramids.
(i) 7.8% of the population will be in the 80+ age group in 2050. (ii) Life expectancy will be longer in 2050 because of further *improvements in medical technology.* New medical treatments are being developed, which will mean that people will live longer. (iii) See Q on what Governments USE PP FOR
*JC Question (2005)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS Examine the population pyramids labeled Country A & B. One pyramid shows the population structure of a developing country and the other shows the population structure of a developed country. Answer the questions that follow. (i) Which country, A or B, is a developed country? (ii) Explain why the population structures of developing countries and developed countries are so different under the following headings: - Birth rates - Death rates - Life expectancy
(i) Country B is developed (ii) *Birth Rates:* Developing country = high birth rate & rapidly growing population. In contrast the Developed country has a low/declining birth rate, due to family planning, role of women and children in society. *Death Rates:* Developing country = high death rates, due to poor medical services and no vaccinations. Death rates are lower in developed country as more people survive to old age and so the pyramid has a wide peak. This is due to better medical care. *Life Expectancy:* People in developed countries enjoy a longer life expectancy than people in developing countries. The difference is due to ● Availability of Food ● Balanced Diet ● Clean Water ● Sanitation ● Standards of Medical Care ● Child Mortality Rates ● World Injustice.
*JC Question (2012)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS (i) Name one country with a population structure similar to Pyramid A. (ii) Name one country with a population structure similar to Pyramid B. (iii) Explain one reason why Pyramid B has a wider base than Pyramid A. (iv) Name two uses of population pyramids.
(i) Ireland (ii) Brazil (iii) Pyramid B (Brazil) has a wider base than pyramid A (Ireland) because: Birth rates are high, compared to low birth rates of pyramid A. Birth rates may be high due to: ● *Lack of family planning* ● *Traditional role of women in society* ● *Children are needed to look after their parents in old age* ● *Children work from an early age to help the family* (iv) SEE Q1 on what Governments USE Population Pyramids FOR.
*JC Question (2007)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS Examine the diagrams which show the population structures of Germany and Ethiopia. (i) What are these diagrams called? (ii) Describe how the diagrams show the differences in birth rates, death rates and life expectancy between the two countries.
(i) Population Pyramids (ii) ● More Males born in Ethiopia (9.5%) In Germany only 2.5% ● Women live longer in Germany. ● More people die before 60 in Ethiopia than in Germany Write general things about wide base = high death rate, narrow top = high death rate = Developing country so, ● High infant mortality ● Lack of family planning ● Traditional role of women in society ● Children needed to look after parents in old age ● Children work from an early age to help family
*JC Question (2003)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS; Population Pyramids of Ireland 2000, Mali 2000 & Population estimate of Ireland 2050. (i) Examine Population Pyramids of Ireland 2000 & Mali 2000. Identify the differences in the structures of these two populations. In your answer refer to: Birth Rates, Death Rates, Life Expectancy
(i) ● Birth rates in Mali are higher than Ireland The base is wider in Mali. ● Death Rate are higher in Mali - the pyramid narrows more quickly. ● Life expectancy is greater in Ireland - 85 + in Ireland.
*JC Question (2003)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS (ii) Examine the Population Pyramids for Ireland 2000 and Ireland 2050. Describe two contrasts between the actual population figures for Ireland in 2000 and the estimated figures for 2050.
(ii) ● Birth rate is lower in 2050 {280,000 in 2000, 220,000 in 2050} ● Much greater elderly population in 2050 {e.g. 180,000 in 2050, 50,000 in 2000}
*JC Question (2003)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS (iii) Estimated population projections for the future. How do estimated figures such as the ones shown for Ireland in 2050 help in planning for: Health Services, Education services.
(iii) ● Many older people therefore more Hospital services needed. ● Number of young lower so less demand for school buildings & extra teachers.
*JC Question (2009)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS Examine the population pyramids above. A. One of the pyramids represents a developing country and the other represents a developed country. (i) State which pyramid shows the population structure of a developing country. (ii) Describe two major contrasts (differences) between the population structures of these two countries. Refer to both population pyramids for each contrast that you describe. B. High population densities have contributed to serious problems in many cities in the Developing World. (i) Name one city in the Developing World that you have studied. (ii) Describe two major problems in the named city.
A. (i) Pyramid B (ii) Refer to both population pyramids for each contrast that you describe. Two descriptions @ 4 marks (AS BEFORE) B. (i) Kolkata (Calcutta) (ii) Two descriptions @ 4 marks (AS BEFORE)
What are Population Pyramids used for?
Governments USE PP TO: 1) PLAN *country's needed FACILITIES* e.g. schools, hospitals. ● Plan for *education* (shows number of children in country so know how many schools & teachers required.) ● Plan for care of *elderly*. e.g. nursing homes & pension provision. 2) FORECAST a country's *income* e.g. tax 3) FORECAST a country's *expenditure* e.g. pensions 4) Percentage of Females & Males of total population 5) Number of people in different age groups
*JC Question (2014)* POPULATION PYRAMIDS Examine the population pyramids above. Describe the impact of birth rates and death rates on the structure of each of the Pyramids A and B.
Pyramid A: represents a *developING country.* In a DC the *BIRTH RATE* is *HIGH* which means Pyramid A will have a *wide base* [with 16% of the population in the 0-4 age group.] In a DC *poor healthcare* means that the *DEATH RATE is ALSO HIGH* which means Pyramid A has a narrow top as very few people survive to old age. In contrast Pyramid B represents a *developed country*. In a DC the *status of women is usually higher* & people choose to have *fewer children.* As a result Pyramid B has a *narrow base* [with less than 8% of the population in the 0-4 age group.] In a DC a good healthcare system means that the *DEATH RATE* is *LOW* which means that many people survive to old age and Pyramid B will have a wider top [with approximately 3% of the population surviving to 80 years or older.]
SHAPE OF PYRAMIDS
● If the base is wide, there is a high birth rate ● If the base is narrow, there is a low birth rate ● If the peak is narrow, there is a high death rate ● If the peak is wide, there is a low death rate and long life expectancy ● If the bulge is low on the pyramid, there is an increase in population ● If the bulge is high on the pyramid, there is a decrease in population ● If the youngest age category is much wider than the second youngest, it could indicate a high rate of child mortality
SUMMARY
● Pyramid A represents a Developing Country. ● Developing C = high birth rate & high death rate . ● High birth rate means Pyramid A has a wide base (16% of the population in the 0-4 age group). ● High death rate means Pyramid A has a narrow top (very few people survive to old age) due to a poor healthcare system. ● In contrast Pyramid B represents a Developed Country. ● Developed C = LOW birth rate & death rate. ● Low birth rate means Pyramid B has narrow base (less than 8% of the population in 0-4 age group). ● *Status of women* is usually higher & people choose to have fewer children. ● *Good healthcare system* means that the death rate is low ● People survive to old age & Pyramid B has a wider top with approximately 3% of the population surviving to 80 years or older. (ii) Life expectancy is higher in developed countries (Ireland) than it is in developing countries (Mali). Developed countries (Ireland): ● Excellent medical facilities mean that people live longer. ● Infant mortality is low as children are vaccinated against diseases. ● Plentiful food supply. People eat a balanced diet, to keep healthy. Developing countries (Mali): ● Medical facilities are poor. ● Infant mortality high; Children are not vaccinated. ● Children die from curable diseases. ● Food is scarce. People are malnourished = their immune systems are low so more likely to die from diseases such as TB & malaria.
