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Before it could take effect, the Constitution had to be ratified by __________ states

9

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?

John Locke

The _________ was a governing document that failed because it did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money, it did not include an independent leader to direct the government, and it did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.

Articles of Confederation

The _________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks

Fourteenth Amendment

The Federalist Papers were drafted by

Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

The Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict with the Constitution in

Marbury v. Madison.

In 1787, a Boston newspaper derisively referred to "Rogue Island" instead of Rhode island because

Rhode Island was the only state that did not send delegates to the meeting in Philadelphia.

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

The Great Compromise provided for

a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other.

The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states was

the omission of a bill of rights

Which model of government does the Constitution best fit?

the pluralist model

. The power of the president to veto laws is an example of

checks and balances

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks and balances.

The original draft of the Declaration of Independence

condemned the king's support of the slave trade

Under the Constitution, the slave trade

could be ended after twenty years.

Article I, Section 8 of the constitution articulates the principle of _________, granting Congress limited powers

enumerated powers

The constitutional amendment process requires

extraordinary majorities

Shays's Rebellion consisted of

farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for high taxes levied to finance the state's wartime debt.

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life

. The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?

implied

What Madison called factions, are today called

interest groups.

The American Revolution was a costly war that

lasted for 8 years and 5 months

One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans

left unspecified how many people might comprise the executive.

Article I of the Constitution refers to the

legislative branch.

Once ratified, the Constitution was quickly amended with the Bill of Rights to assuage concerns that this new government

might infringe on personal liberty

Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by a

national convention.

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause

necessary and proper

The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by

not mentioning it directly

An estimated _________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown

one in five

Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?

one person, one vote

Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution?

power to declare war

The chief goal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to

protect states' rights.

The three-fifths compromise resolved the issue of

representation of slaves

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress

There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.

A republic is a government

resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.

The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was to

restore peaceful relations between the colonies and Great Britain.

. Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as

separation of powers

The fifty-five signatories of the Declaration of Independence were courageous in their actions because

signing the Declaration was treason and punishable by hanging and drawing and quartering

The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from

social contract theory

After the Constitution was amended to permit the federal government to levy a progressive income tax, government could more effectively further the goal of

social equality

. The Daughters of Liberty opposed British rule by

spinning their own cloth rather than buying imported British products

Among the most undemocratic features of the U.S. Constitution is the

state equality rule

The Bill of Rights consists of the first __________ amendments to the Constitution.

ten

A major event that led to greater British taxation of American colonies was

the Seven Years' War

The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored by large states was

the Virginia Plan.

. One result of the Second Continental Congress was

the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was

the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.

Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for

the collective right of revolution and self-government.

The main positive result of the Annapolis Convention was

a call for a larger meeting of the states, with a broader mission.

A confederation can best be described as

a loose association of independent states

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong.

Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.

twenty-seven

Which amendments were the only ones to limit the activities of individuals?

twenty-seven

To date, all constitutional amendments have been proposed by

two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.

Alexander Hamilton is probably best known for

writing the Federalist Papers.

Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing

the supremacy clause and the no religious test clause

The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is

their insight into the defense of the Constitution.

Shays's Rebellion was ultimately defeated by

the Massachusetts militia.

The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was

. judicial review

Supporters of the Constitution named themselves

Federalists

The first fighting in the American Revolution happened in ________ in early 1775

Massachusetts

Which document proclaimed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights"?

The Declaration of Independence

When compared with the U.S. Constitution, most American state constitution

are longer and more detailed.

The last seventeen amendments to the Constitution fall into three main categories: they make public policy, they correct deficiencies in the government's structure or they

promote equality

The main argument against the need for a bill of rights was that

the Constitution established a government of limited powers; because it was not given the power to regulate individual liberties, no bill of rights was necessary

Which amendment was repealed by Congress, after the Prohibition that it enacted was an utter failure?

the Eighteenth Amendment

Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats

tyranny of the majority

To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)

unanimous vote of the Confederation Congress.