POS1041 Module 14

Formidable publishing barons such as Hearst and Pulitzer disappeared after which of the following occurrences? Congress passed antitrust laws that broke up the publishing chains. Commercial radio took away their monopoly on the news. They merged and then were regulated by Congress. The Supreme Court ruled that they were liable for anything published that proved to be untruthful.

Commercial radio took away their monopoly on the news.

What does the example of the Pentagon Papers illustrates about the doctrine of prior restraint? The government can easily make a case that the press should not be allowed to publish national security documents while the nation is at war. The courts have been skeptical of the claims of the press, and the government can operate under a presumption of secrecy. Exercising prior restraint requires the government to demonstrate that the publication of documents would damage national security. The Supreme Court prefers to avoid these issues so the legislative and executive branches can resolve the problems.

Exercising prior restraint requires the government to demonstrate that the publication of documents would damage national security.

Fox News is the only news outlet that has demonstrated "bias" True False

False

Innovation in mass communication has resulted in the resurgence of the daily newspaper as the only credible source for news. a dramatic expansion of news as a consumer product. a dramatic compression of freedom of speech. less substance in news reports.

a dramatic expansion of news as a consumer product.

When a source strategically gives important information to the news media on the condition that he or she not be identified by name, this is referred to as a trial balloon a gatekeeper a leak a stopper

a leak

During the early days of the republic, newspapers were primarily full of objective news reporting. advocated party platforms, promoted candidates, and attacked the political opposition. rarely reported on politics or government at all. were all owned by one conglomerate.

advocated party platforms, promoted candidates, and attacked the political opposition.

How have the courts played a vital role in protecting the media under the First Amendment? by limiting government efforts to exercise prior restraint and limiting the press's exposure to libel and slander laws by ruling that the press is a constitutionally protected fourth branch of the government that may write anything it wishes by limiting the subsidies provided to news organizations to ensure their independence by requiring politicians to answer questions from the press

by limiting government efforts to exercise prior restraint and limiting the press's exposure to libel and slander laws

Which of the following can prove highly informative for people who are not that interested in public affairs or current events? infotainment gamification personality quizzes sensationalization

infotainment

The rivalry between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst led to the establishment of the annual competition for the America's Cup. innovations in publishing that created the modern mass circulation newspaper. parties co-opting newspaper publishers all across the country. the first movie studio and theater chain owned by a newspaper chai

innovations in publishing that created the modern mass circulation newspaper.

In March 2011, Senator Rand Paul responded to President Barack Obama's nationally televised address on military action in Libya by a televised rebuttal. posting his own video on YouTube. writing an op-ed for the New York Times. staging a fillibuster to draw viewers away.

posting his own video on YouTube.

What is the term for when the news media affects the criteria with which we evaluate candidates or elected leaders? agenda setting coordination collective action priming

priming

The lessons of the Sago mine disaster for the mass media are that reporters may be tempted to rely on one another's judgments about what is happening as informational shortcuts. reporters can no longer trust political actors to deliver accurate information. with modern technology, the news media can confirm stories more quickly and offer them to the public. reporters see what they want to see regardless of the facts.

reporters may be tempted to rely on one another's judgments about what is happening as informational shortcuts.

What was the main source of high unit costs for delivering the news in colonial times? transportation across large geographic areas slow, labor-intensive printing process finding staff and writers censorship

slow, labor-intensive printing process

The two technological innovations of the adaptation of steam power to printing and the development of faster and more reliable cylinder presses meant that publishers could sell their papers more cheaply so publishers could increase their reading audience, and thus break away from party sponsorship. and publishers could become more closely aligned with the political parties. and publishers could aggressively pursue overseas markets, especially in Europe and South America. and with fewer advertisements.

so publishers could increase their reading audience, and thus break away from party sponsorship.

By the 1960s, what was the chief source of news for many Americans? newspapers radio magazines television

television

In the mid-1770s, the era's most significant medium of political communication was daily newspaper weekly newspaper the pamphlet the town crier

the pamphlet

"Yellow journalism" was a term first used at the end of the 19th century that referred to reliance by journalists on services to provide most of their stories, so-called because the journalists were afraid to personally go to the location in which the story was developing. all of the penny press papers, so-called because the paper was so cheap it yellowed within a matter of days. the use of outrageous and inflammatory headlines as well as sensational stories to attract readers to newspapers, so-called because of the color of ink used in the New York World's comic strips. those papers published south of the Mason-Dixon line, so-called because the editors had surrendered to General Grant at the first sight of Union troops.

the use of outrageous and inflammatory headlines as well as sensational stories to attract readers to newspapers, so-called because of the color of ink used in the New York World's comic strips.

The period between 1883 and 1925 was in many ways the golden age of newspapers, in part because they essentially held a monopoly over mass communication and were the only outlet for national political news. they covered the newly emerging movie industry to the exclusion of national political news. it was the only time in history during which there was only one publisher. they could virtually choose the President based on the sway of their op-ed pieces.

they essentially held a monopoly over mass communication and were the only outlet for national political news.

During the 1920s, when hundreds of radio stations overcrowded desirable spots on the radio dial, the FCC was created in part to solve this classic monopoly tragedy of the commons yellow journalism bandwidth decay

tragedy of the commons

The cost of transmitting a news product to each consumer is known as shot cost head cost delivery cost unit cost

unit cost