positive psych final

T/F: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) attempts to reduce the negative symptoms of the person in therapy.

False

T/F: The causal relationship between social relationships and happiness is unidirectional.

False

T/F: Working toward extrinsically motivated goals brings more satisfaction and pleasure than intrinsically motivated goals because we have external rewards for our efforts.

False

What is the core ingredient that is common to all meditation?

Focused attention

Main ideas from forgiveness section of the How of Happiness

Forgiveness is: your desire to harm that person has decreased and your desire to do him good has increased. // It is NOT: reconciliation, condoning, excusing, forgetting.

PERMA model of flourishing

(By martin seligman): Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment (aka contributing to greater good)

According to John Gottman, the magic ratio of positive to negative interactions in a relationship is?

5:1

Happy relationships are characterized by a ratio of positive to negative affect of

5:1

Main ideas from How of Happiness Ch. 5 on social connections

??? read chapter

Mindfulness

Awareness with acceptance, mindlessness is the subtle enemy (going on autopilot), combined with agency it is the space between stimulus and response, can be cultivated with practice

Altriusm

Behavior aimed at benefiting another person, can be motivated by personal egotism or prompted by pure empathic desire to benefit others

Which of the following is a similarity/relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion?

Both are derived from Buddhist psychology

Which is better, emotion-focused or problem-focused coping?

Both are important, and using them depends on the situation and the person

Self-compassion

Core components: self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness // Other details: loving kindness, the desire to ease dukkha, not fearing or resisting or keeping distance from it, to respond to our pain with kindness

Which of the following is true regarding the research definition of forgiveness?

Includes a decrease in desire for revenge

Which of the following is NOT a strategy that Lyubomirsky discusses to practice nurturing social relationships?

Learn each other's love language

What is Sonja Lyubomirsky's position on hardship/trauma and its effect on your happiness?

Many of the strategies in her book are strategies that can also help with managing hardship and trauma

Which of the following statements is true about meditation?

Many years of high-quality research show that meditation can produce real changes in people's brains.

Theorist and details associated with infant attachment theory

Mary Ainsworth, infant/caregiver relationship as a working model of subsequent relationships

Who is the researcher who coined the term "flow"

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Flow

Mihalyi Czikszentmihalyi, absorption / focused attention / merging of action and awareness / loss of reflective self-consciousness / sense of control / distortion of temporal experience / activity is intrinsically rewarding

According to the Scientific American article, which type of meditation requires you to take note of all external and internal stimuli while remaining detached and not getting preoccupied with any one stimulus?

Mindfulness (open-monitoring) meditation

Which of the following is NOT recommended by Lyubomirsky as a way to practice savoring?

On occasion, purchase something new for yourself

What were the findings that resulted from Lyubomirsky's study on acts of kindness?

Only those who committed all their acts of kindness on one day experienced a significant boost in their happiness

Self-efficacy and how to enhance it

People's beliefs in their capabilities to produce desired effects by their own actions - a multidimensional construct related to a host of outcomes. // Enhance it by drawing from previous successes, constructive visualization, verbal persuasion/motivation by others, increasing positive emotion

Emotional intellignce

Perceiving emotions, Using emotions to facilitate cognitive activities, Managing emotions in oneself and other people, Understanding emotions (PUMU). basically your ability to understand other people, what motivates them, how to work cooperatively with them

Dr Warren's "Foundations of Human Flourishing"

Perspective, People, Power

According to The How of Happiness, which of the following is NOT a possible reason why exercising makes people happier?

Releases endorphins, producing a kind of natural high

Which of the following is not a strategy for coping as discussed by Lyubomirsky?

Seeing your traumatizer as human

Which of the following is NOT true according to the Neff article?

Self-esteem has been shown to be a better predictor of healthy functioning than self-compassion

Which of the following is NOT a component of self-compassion as operationalized by Neff?

Self-validation

Spirituality/religiosity

Spirituality: personal, subjective and not necessarily bound by structure, the key and unique function of religion. // Religiosity: institutional and structured, religion itself is broad, individual and institutional that serves many purposes, secular and sacred

Which of the following is the best definition of common humanity?

Struggling, failing, and suffering are part of the human experience - they happen to everyone

Which of the following is required for compassion?

Suffering

Which of the following was an optimism strategy Lyubomirsky detailed in the chapter you read?

The Best Possible Self

According to ACT, what is the root of psychological suffering?

The nature of human language

Which of the following is NOT true of many of the happiness enhancing strategies?

They involve altering our circumstances for our benefit

Which of the following were shown to be critical for the acts of kindness strategy to be effective?

Timing and variety

T/F: People who are inclined to savor are generally more self-confident and gratified and less hopeless and neurotic

True

T/F: There is lots of research support for the facial feedback hypothesis, namely that if you show the physical manifestations of an emotion, you will come to feel it.

True

True or false: Learning to be happier is similar to learning a new language or skill - meaning that it takes hard work and persistence, but is possible for nearly everyone.

True

Which of the following is NOT an empirically-verified happiness enhancing strategy that relates to how we think about our lives?

Unconditional positive regard

According to the reading (and class discussion), what is the basic premise of positive psychology and why it was founded?

What is good about life and people deserves to be and needs to be studied just as much as what is bad about life

WOOP method

Wish (write down goal), Outcome (what is best outcome of accomplishing goal), Obstacles (imagine most likely obstacles), Plan (what can you do to overcome obstacles)

Which of the following are not a part of hope theory?

all of the above are a part

Positive Psychology

coined by Maslow, the scientific study of what goes right in life, Seligman and others care about what is good in life as much as they do about what is bad

Determiners of well-being

genetic set point = 50%, outside circumstances = 10%, intentional activity = 40%.

Longitudinal study, what is the key to happiness and health long-term?

good relationships

John Gottman

he studies relationships, marriage stability. Love maps are deep understanding of your loved one. They allow an awareness of what is important to a person as well as shared history

Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of committed goal pursuit that Lyubomirsky discusses?

helps us achieve more throughout our lifetime

Hope

hope is directed to a future good which is hard but not impossible to obtain, perceived capacity to derive pathways to achieve desired goals and utilize those pathways to achieve those goals.

What research is the psychologist Mary Ainsworth known for?

infant attachment

Which of the following is the best definition of "common humanity"?

our suffering connects us to humanity and is part of our human experience

Compassion

pity keeps its distance, compassion doesn't, it suffers alongside. try to imagine someone else's situations

What does Lyubomirsky claim is the hallmark of human happiness?

positive emotion

Main findings from Harvard longitudinal study

relationships are essential to happiness

Main ideas from kristin neff ted talk

self compassion

The term "dukkha" most close resembles which of the following words?

suffering

Resilience

the ability to bounce back or recover from difficult situations quickly

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of good goals, as Lyubomirsky discusses?

they are difficult but doable

Why is varying our happiness strategies so important?

to avoid hedonic adaptation

Hedonic adaptation

we adjust to the new set of circumstances, constantly chasing after next thing, overpredict how happy things will make us and how long