PPR Test

Language of 5-8 year olds

children learn to express opinions and hold detailed conversations

Horizontal team

collaboration of teachers from different content areas at the same grade level

Vertical team

collaboration of teachers from different grade levels

Preschool emotional development milestones

show and verbalize basic emotions throw temper tantrums when frustrated (although these should be decreasing)

Which of the following types of play would a teacher most likely observe in a class of 18-24 month-olds?

solitary play Solitary play, in which children play alone and are not yet interested in playing with others, is the most common type of play observed at this age.

5 year old development (kinder)

By age five, a child is typically able to express feelings, follow three-step commands, and copy basic shapes.

Sensorimotor (0-2 years)

Comprehend the world through objects

Concrete operations (7-11 years old)

Logical thought: start to picture how things work and do not need to see it physically Inductive reasoning to draw conclusions based on observations Several new mental abilities including conversation

Formal operations (12+ years old)

Manipulate ideas without reliance on concrete manipulation Deductive reasoning to form hypotheses about the world

Formal operations classroom implications

Math calculations, creative thinking, abstract reasoning --> themes in a story etc

Rely on peers, less on family

Mid-adolescence

Fitting in with peers

Middle school age

Solitary play

18-24 month-olds

Example of invalid test

Mr. Sandberg's students are frustrated because they all performed well on the homework assignments, but the large majority of them failed the most recent exam. In reviewing the test questions, the students noticed they were much more complex than the homework questions

Parallel play

2-3 years old Kids play next to eachother but not with eachother

Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)

A component of an IEP it is developed for students with special behavior problems and identifies the strategies and steps school personnel will use with the student to address the behavior.

FERPA

A federal law that protects the confidentiality of students and their records. Safeguards student educational records kept by schools, including grades and attendance and discipline records. prevents schools from disclosing student records to the public while also requiring them to provide parents and guardians with access to their child's grades, disciplinary records, and attendance records.

Preoperational stage- egocentric thought

Egocentric thought describes the phenomenon of young children assuming that everyone experiences the world in the same way they do. The preoperational stage is defined by egocentric and symbolic thought.

Preoperational (2-7 years old)

Egocentric thought: Assume others see, hear, and feel like they do Symbolic thought: ability to make one thing stand for something else (language) Does not use logic to combine or separate ideas

Social development

Family & peers influence social development the most Youngins need time for recess and group work

A middle school teacher has noticed many students in her classroom have formed cliques and several students are being excluded from these social groups. The excluded students have demonstrated a decrease in their willingness to participate in classroom activities and group discussions. Which of the following strategies would be the best first step in rebuilding a positive learning environment for all of the students?

Lead a group discussion about cliques and how it feels to be included and excluded from activities. Allowing students to voice their support or opposition to cliques is the best strategy because it does not alienate the students and allows each student to voice a perspective on the situation.

Classroom behavior standards

Limit the number of standards to no more than five that focus on creating a positive classroom environment.

Preoperational classroom implications

Hands on activities Direct instruction should have experiments and activities to reinforce the concept

Milestone for secondary students

In late-middle and high school, students develop a sense of self

Deductive reasoning

Only in formal operational stage Involves forming hypotheses about the world and testing them

Conservation of mass

Pouring the same amount of water in a taller glass (usually understood @ age 7)

Egocentric thought is a characteristic of which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Preoperational: Egocentric thought describes the phenomenon of young children assuming that everyone experiences the world in the same way they do. The preoperational stage is defined by egocentric and symbolic thought.

Parts to whole

Preschool age, they think they have more when breaking something in half

Play for 3-4 year olds

Pretend play --> dress up,

RTL Process

RtI is a process to monitor students' academic and/or behavioral progress based on results-oriented data. RtI is a systematic process for students who are experiencing academic difficulties and who may not meet the grade level achievement standards

Piaget 4 stages of cognitive development

Sensorimotor (0-2 y/o) Preoperational (2-7 y/o) Concrete operations (7-11 y/o, 1st grade-adolescence) Formal operations: (12+ years)

Students in an eighth-grade math class represent a wide range of skill acquisition and cognitive development, from concrete operational to formal operational thought. What is the teacher's best strategy for planning instruction of a geometry unit for this degree of cognitive variation among students?

Take students on campus to identify concrete examples and construct models of various geometric shapes, in order to illustrate abstract content. This is the best option because it allows for application from concrete to abstract with their peers.

Reliable test

Test questions get the same results each time they are used. Questions are clear and unambiguous

Teachers & emotional development

To promote emotional development, teachers can model appropriate emotional responses to a variety of situations. Teachers can also help students identify and name emotions to increase their emotional intelligence. teachers can also facilitate role-play scenarios where students act out different situations and practice exhibiting relevant emotional responses.

Secondary emotional development concerns

Withdrawal or significant change in personality

Cooperative play (4-6 years old)

a more advanced type of interaction, children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme

504 plan

accommodation plan for students with disabilities who don't qualify for special needs services (extra time on a test)

Secondary social development milestones

reject other's opinions recognize bullying openly share emotions

Mrs. Lilly, a fifth-grade teacher, is explaining to her students how the moon influences ocean tides. She uses a visual aid of a ball and two buckets of water to highlight the differences and causes of a high and low tide. Mrs. Lilly uses the visual aid to enhance student learning because her students are probably at what stage of development in terms of Piaget's theory?

concrete operational Most fifth-grade students are at the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. Students at this cognitive development stage are capable of understanding abstract concepts, but they typically need a concrete example to help them master the subject.

Which of the following represents the stages of cognitive development you would expect for most high school students?

concrete operational and formal operational The concrete operational stage is generally in the age range from 7 to 11 years, but some high school students may still be in this stage. The formal operational stage is generally in the age range from 12 to adult.

A second grade teacher does a demonstration where she fills the same cup with water and then pours it into different-shaped containers. One container is tall and thin, while the other is short and wide. She asks students which container holds more water and some students answer correctly while others choose the taller, larger container. What concept is the teacher evaluating?

conservation of mass The mass of the water does not change even though the shape of the container does.

Secondary emotional development milestones

developing a sense of self show a wide range of emotions proud of successes

FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education)

ensures that students with disabilities receive necessary education and services without cost to the family

Preschool social development milestones

express emotion soothe themselves cooperate awareness of other's emotions maintain eye contact

Elementary emotional development concerns

inability to control self few to no friendships

Elementary social development concerns

inability to control self few to no friendships

According to Jean Piaget's periods of cognitive development, students in upper elementary begin to apply which of the following?

logical interpretations At this age, students do best with concrete examples, and they can arrive at logical conclusions from these examples.

A typical 5th-grade student should be capable of:

manipulating objects to test out ideas. A typical 5th-grade student is 10-11 years old and in the concrete operational stage of development. During this stage, a child can manipulate objects. C understanding varied perspectives. A typical 5th-grade student is 10-11 years old and in the concrete operational stage of development. During this stage, a child has less egocentrism and is better able to see things from other perspectives. D classifying and grouping objects. A typical 5th-grade student is 10-11 years old and in the concrete operational stage of development. During this stage, a child can classify and group objects.

Valid test

measures what it is supposed to measure

Preschool social development concerns

no interest in others avoidance of eye contact rocking or self-stimulating

Student inquiry

occurs when students form questions about academic concepts and are driven to find answers to their questions Inquiry-based learning is a learning process that engages students by making real-world connections through exploration and high-level questioning

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Preschool emotional development concerns

uncontrollable temper tantrums unable to identify happy and sad

Elementary emotional development milestones

understand embarrassment show empathy begin developing their own identity

Elementary social development milestones

wants to please others thrive on friendships recognize different types of relationships

Secondary social development concerns

withdrawal or significant change in personality