practice

Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj's having developed which of the following for door opening? Accommodation Object permanence A mental set Divergent thinking

A mental set - correct

Dr. Hermann wants to determine whether the use of distributed practice causes higher scores on a final exam. To determine whether a cause-effect relationship exists between two variables, a researcher must use which of the following?

An experimental approach

Based on the data, what is the most appropriate conclusion? Option ADistributed practice is more effective at enhancing longer-term retention of material relative to massed practice. Option B Distributed practice is more effective than massed practice for short-term memory. Option C Massed practice is more effective than distributed practice is for enhancing sensory memory. Option D Massed practice is more effective for longer-term retention than distributed practice is.

Distributed practice is more effective at enhancing longer-term retention of material relative to massed practice.

Dr. Adedeji is trying to measure the capacity of her students' short-term memories. She shows them a long series of numbers on a display for several seconds, and then has them write down as many numbers as they can remember in order. Dr. Adedeji has the students complete a survey in which she asks them "On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being highly effective, how well did you remember the numbers?" She concludes that her students have exceptionally good memories, as most of her students rated themselves as "highly effective." Which of the following best explains Dr. Adedeji's inaccurate conclusion? Dr. Adedeji is exhibiting confirmation bias. Dr. Adedeji designed her study with qualitative data. Dr. Adedeji designed her study with quantitative data. Dr. Adedeji's survey led to self-report bias.

Dr. Adedeji's survey led to self-report bias.

Which of the following is the best example of the cognitive process Jean Piaget called assimilation? When her father cuts her single slice of pizza into three pieces, Megan thinks she has more than her sister, who has a single slice. When her mother leaves the room, Lillian continues playing with toys without becoming anxious. Having learned that his family pet is a dog, William sees a neighbor's cat and says, "Dog!" David, who previously called all animals "doggies," sees a horse and says, "Horse!"

Having learned that his family pet is a dog, William sees a neighbor's cat and says, "Dog!"

Research participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group listens to a list of words, another group reads a list of words printed on paper, and the remaining group hears and reads the words. The researcher then tests the participants' memories to see how many words the members of each group can recall. The modality in which the words are presented (i.e., auditory, visual, or both) is which type of variable? Confounding Dependent Independent Control

Independent - correct

Although she has not sustained any injuries, Riley cannot remember anything before the age of three. She is most likely experiencing Option A,retrograde amnesiaa Option B,anterograde amnesia Option C,infantile amnesia Option D proactive interference

Infantile Amnesia

In this research, which of the following best characterizes the three weeks of lessons with the Model A skateboard?

Option C,An independent variable

Devi spent time developing a set of note cards for an upcoming test that used word associations based on what the words meant in relation to each other. Which of the following did Devi use with this study method? Option A,State-dependent memory Option B,Latent learning Option C,Effortful processing Option D Procedural memory

Option C,Effortful processing

Which of the following is a valid conclusion that the researchers could have drawn from the data? Option A,The measurement from the new test is likely to be better than the measurement from the original test. Option B,The new test provides information on intelligence that is highly comparable to that provided by the original test. Option C,The new test produces scores that are generally unrelated to those produced by the original test. Option D Intelligence is too abstract a concept to measure accurately.

Option C,The new test produces scores that are generally unrelated to those produced by the original test.

A researcher is studying the accuracy of people's memories when they use mnemonic devices. After studying the first 10 people, the data showed that memories using mnemonic devices were more accurate than the average's person's memories. Which of the following explains why the researcher should not draw any conclusions about the accuracy of memories using mnemonic devices yet? Option A,The data is positively skewed, which means the data was not collected correctly. Option B,The research method is an experiment, meaning she can draw cause-and-effect conclusions regardless of the sample size. Option C,The researcher should expect that the more data she collects, the more likely the results will regress to the mean. Option D The research method is a correlation, so she cannot infer causation from the results.

Option C,The researcher should expect that the more data she collects, the more likely the results will regress to the mean.

A researcher wants to determine which studying technique would be more effective: massed practice or distributed practice. The researcher randomly assigns 30 students to two groups and gives them a list of vocabulary words to remember. One of the groups uses a massed practice technique. The other uses a distributed practice technique. The researcher gives the students a quiz four days later to see how well they remembered their list of words. He compared the scores for both groups. What is the dependent variable in this study? Option A,The list of vocabulary words Option B,The assigned study technique Option C,The vocabulary quiz scores Option D The use of random assignment

Option C,The vocabulary quiz scores

What cognitive process helps explain the results found by the Cory's Skateboards team? Retroactive interference Proactive interference Encoding failure Forgetting curve

Proactive interference - correct

Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig's father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig's new way of thinking about nests is an example of insight - no response given accommodation - correct an algorithm - no response given a heuristic

accommodation

When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called

algorithm

The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and his or her

chronological age

Dr. Fredericks is interested in studying how quickly people forget what they learn in class. He teaches a class on biological psychology on a Monday. On Tuesday, he gives the class a quiz asking the students about details from the previous class. Which of the following procedures should Dr. Fredericks have followed to avoid the confounding variable of experimenter bias? Option A,Informed consent Option B,Double-blind Option C,Meta-analysis Option D Random assignment

double blind

Check picture What type of research methodology is the Cory's Skateboards research team using?

experimental

Memories of well-learned skills, such as riding a bicycle, are classified as iconic semantic echoic procedural

procedural

A teacher has to learn 170 new student names every year and finds it difficult to remember the names of former students. The teacher's memory problem most likely results from proactive interference retroactive interference retroactive amnesia anterograde amnesia

retroactive interference

Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion for evaluating the predictive validity of an intelligence test? Intelligence quotient Mental age Scholastic aptitude School grades

school grades

Joe's best friend Liz says, "I heard the best joke from my sister" and then proceeds to tell Joe the joke that he had told her last week. Liz is most likely experiencing retrieval failure - no response given retrograde amnesia encoding failure source amnesia

source amnesia

Dr. Trenton conducted a study to determine whether massed practice or distributed practice produced better academic outcomes. He recruited volunteers from a high school Spanish class and randomly assigned students to learn a list of 100 new vocabulary words for which they were later given a word recall test. Students prepared for the word recall test using either distributed practice by studying for 30 minutes a day the week before the test, or massed practice by intensively studying the night before the test. dependent variable?

word recall

John suffered a head injury in an accident five years ago. He now has clear memories of events that occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the experiences he has had since the accident. John's symptoms describe which of the following? Anterograde amnesia Broca's aphasia Proactive interference Retroactive interference

Anterograde amnesia - correct

Participants were asked to rate the importance of achieving honor-roll status. Researchers found that students from smaller families rated the importance more highly than students from larger families. The research team concluded that a student's attitude toward school achievement is the result of family size. Which of the following is the most important error made by the research team? Generalizing from extreme examples Using self-report data Failing to randomly assign participants to conditions Assuming that correlation proves causation

Assuming that correlation proves causation

Clive Wearing is an individual involved in a well-known case study examining anterograde amnesia. Clive experienced a high fever which led to damage to the hippocampus nearly 40 years ago. Since that time, Clive has not been able to encode new memories and, by some estimations, can only hold a thought for 7 to 9 seconds. Which of the following is an ethical consideration regarding the case of Clive Wearing? Option A,Neither Clive nor his wife can provide their informed consent to be studied because of his condition Option B,The level of risk in studying Clive's condition is too great. Option C,We should not know Clive's identity, especially while he is still living. Option D This information should only be published or publicly discussed after Clive's death.

Option C,We should not know Clive's identity, especially while he is still living.

Which of the following scenarios is best explained by long-term potentiation? Option A,Erik and Harry don't like each other when they are first assigned to the same a room during a class trip, but after spending a great deal of time together, they begin to like each other more. Option B,When Sruthi first enters a dark room after coming in from outside, she can't see anything, but her eyes adjust after a few minutes. Option C,At first, Benjamin needs to drink only a small amount of a caffeinated beverage to feel its effects, but after drinking it regularly for a while, he needs more to feel the same effects. Option D The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo's name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it more quickly.

Option D The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo's name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it more quickly.

Cassidy can only remember the titles of the first few books her teacher told her to get from the library. Which of the following concepts would best explain Cassidy's experience? Option A,Zone of proximal development Option B,Insight learning Option C,The misinformation effect Option DThe primacy effect

Option D The primacy effect

In an experiment evaluating encoding strategies, a researcher taught participants 15 new psychological concepts. One group took notes to help learn the concepts while the other group was asked to create a mnemonic device for each concept. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

The method used to learn the concepts. - correct

Amehd, a fifth grader, is passing a note to his friend in class while his teacher is teaching a new type of math problem. When he is later tested on the material, he is unable to recall how to solve a similar problem. Which of the following theories best explains Amehd's difficulty in recalling how to do this type of problem? Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, because it focuses on how children think about the world The multi-store model, because it focuses on pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that produces a reflexive response so that the neutral stimulus triggers the reflexive response The multi-store model, because it focuses on encoding and retrieving information The classical conditioning approach, because it focuses on pairing a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that produces a reflexive response so that the neutral stimulus triggers the reflexive response

The multi-store model, because it focuses on encoding and retrieving information - correct

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following statements is true? More than half of the artists do their most well-known work before age 30. There is a positive correlation between artists' ages and the production of their most well-known work. The number of top artists producing their most well-known work peaks at an age in the late thirties and then gradually declines. Artists are more likely to generate their most well-known work after the age of 65.

The number of top artists producing their most well-known work peaks at an age in the late thirties and then gradually declines. - correct

If mice lack an enzyme essential to the process of long-term potentiation, which of the following will be the most likely consequence?

They will be unable to learn a maze. - correct