Practice Questions

True or False: The tendency to view leadership using masculine attributes has greatly diminished over the last decade.

False

Which was NOT a basic issue that emerged among the survivors of the 1972 plane crash in the Andes Mountains? A. Dealing with the different needs and personalities of group members B. Keeping hope alive in the face of adversity C. Dealing with tensions between individual and group goals D. Identifying a worthy leader

Identifying a worthy leader

True or False: Being an expert on leadership research is both necessary and sufficient to being a good leader.

False

True or False: Holding a specific position in an organization makes an individual a leader.

False

True or false: Formal study and learning from experience are mutually exclusive and antagonistic.

False

The first researcher to formally recognize the importance of the leader, follower, and situation in the leadership process was

Fred Fiedler

The interactional framework takes Hollander's transactional approach to leadership one step further by additionally exploring Multiple choice question. situations leaders interactions followers

Interactions

Fred Fiedler's contingency model of the leadership process included all of the following except Multiple choice question. leader situation follower strategy

Strategy

The glass _____ refers to the intriguing finding that female candidates for an executive position are more likely to be hired than equally qualified male candidates when an organization's performance is declining.

cliff

.......... ............. represents an organization's purpose, guiding principles, basic identity, and most important values.

core ideology

............. ................. represents an organization's purpose, guiding principles, basic identity, and most important values.

core ideology

Moral .............. refers to an individual's belief in his capacity to mobilize various personal, interpersonal, and other external resources to persist despite moral adversity.

efficacy

Hume and Smith argued that ............ are central to moral judgement

emotions

According to the text, which is true of leadership? A. it is a result of the interaction between a leader and followers B. it occurs in a specific situation C. it occurs as a result of holding a specific position within an organization D. it occurs when an individual displays a specific behavior

A

Which type of follower is likely to be a mediocre performer who is rarely committed to the group's work goals? A. pragmatist B. conformist C. alienated D. exemplary

A

According to Robert Kelley, what are the basic styles of followership? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Alienated Aggressive Exemplary Pessimistic Passive

Alienated, Exemplary, Passive

Which of the following best describes a leader? A. Controller B. Inspirational C. Administrator D. Imitator

B

True of False: Research on leadership following the troubadour tradition is often opinion-based reflections of former leaders.

True

True or False: A worker who is committed to a leader's goals and values and feels rewarded for a job well-done is more likely to work additional hours on a time-critical project than an individual who motivation is solely monetary.

True

True or False: Research on how men and women describe their leadership experiences shows than men use transactional terms while women choose transformational terms.

True

True or False: Research on leadership following the troubadour tradition is often opinion-based reflections of former leaders.

True

True or False: Research shows that while women receive more on-the-job mentoring than men, womens' mentors tend to have less clout than mens' mentors.

True

True or False: leaders who punish members of the in-group risk losing the high levels of loyalty ad commitment of their followers.

True

True or false: Leadership includes something happening as an outcome of the interaction between a leader and followers.

True

Which of the following does not help explain the shift towards more women leaders? A. Geography has changed B. ORganizational practices have changed C. Leadership roles have changed D. Women have changed

A

Which of the following individuals could best be described as one who aroused destructive feelings in followers? A. Nelson Mandela B. Martin Luther King Jr. C. Bill Clinton D. Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler

All of the following terms are often associated with leadership EXCEPT A. creativity B. risk-taking C. control D. dynamic

Control

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of having a strong ethical climate? A. greater trust and improved collaboration B. improved social standing C. greater market share D. increased organizational costs and complexity

D

True or False: Individuals with common sense will be effective leaders.

False

Which of the following skills was most important to the emergence of leadership among the survivors of the 1972 plane crash in the Andes. Past history of being a leader. Persuasiveness in decision making. Aviation knowledge. Knowledge of the local language and customs.

Persuasiveness in decision making

Over ............... is currently invested in mutual funds that focus on companies that demonstrate commitment to the environment, ethics, and social responsibility.

$2 trillion

Leaders who show they understand the world as we see and experience it show .............

empathy

Thinking that is characterized as 'do what's best for the greatest number of people' is referred to as ................ thinking.

ends-based

Principles of right conduct or a system of moral values are referred to as...........

ethics

The .................. theory represented the dominant way of conceptualizing leadership for a long time, but has now been largely discredited

heroic

Prejudice that occurs without the individual's awareness refers to ........... prejudice.

implicit

The question of whether you sould tell authorities that your spouse has a highly contagious and dangerous disease or protect her privacy is an example of which ethical dilemma?

individual versus community

How Parrado managed to convince the survivors of the 1972 Andes plane crash to stage and support the final expedition would be most likely examined by researchers who define leadership as _____.

influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals

Values that refer to modes of behavior are called ......... values.

instrumental

The less one looks like, acts like, dresses like, and talks like other leaders in the organization, the _____.

narrower the band of acceptable behavior

An individual who tells his superiors that he is responsible for completing 90% of the work done by his group is probably guilty of which type of bias?

overclaiming credit

Being a trustworthy person belongs to the ................ level of Covey's principle centered leadership model?

personal

Plato and Kant believed mature moral judgment was a ............ process.

rational

Which type of thinking can be characterized as 'following the highest principle or duty'?

rule-based

A leaders who's primary motivation is to help other can best be described as ................. leaders.

servant

A leaders who's primary motivation is to help others can best be described as ...................... leaders.

servant

All of the following are areas of study by leadership researchers except: A. the personality of followers B. the personality, physical traits, or behaviors of the leader C. the relationships between leaders and followers D. how aspects of the situation affect how leaders act

the personality of followers

A leadership approach often used by women that emphasizes enhancing others' self-worth, and believing that the best performance occurs when people are excited about their work and feel good about themselves is called ______ leadership.

Interactive

According to the text, which is true of leadership? A. It occurs as a result of holding a specific position within an organization B. It occurs when an individual displays a specific behavior C. It is a result of the interaction between a leader and followers D. It occurs in a specific situation

It is a result of the interaction between a leader and followers

Which of the following is true of the decision-making process in complex situations?

It should change to probe, sense, and respond.

When someone tries to justify their behavior by claiming it was caused by someone's else's action, the individual is using....

attribution of blame

LEaders who try not so much to avoid doing 'wrong things' but always do 'right things' are known as...............

authentic

When organizational leaders fail to embrace and enforce ethical standards and norms and even condone misbehavior, the organization has which type of climate?

unethical climate

Constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important are known as ........

values

Which does not describe a simple situation? A. orderly B. ambiguity C. predicable D. right answers exist

B

All of the following except (........................) are part of the followers component of the interactional framework. A. cohesiveness B. values C. norms D. expertise

D

The decision by the San Francisco postmaster following the 1906 earthquake and fire to allow people to send letters regardless of whether they had stamps or not is an example of which type of response to a natural disaster? A. poor planning B. excellence in management C. management administration D. leadership initiative

D

The four generations of values identified by Zemke include each of the following except ......... A. Veterans B. Millennials C. Gen Xers D. Techies

D

True or False: Authentic leaders are born not made.

False

The direction of communication at Enron can best be described as.........

top-down

True or False: According to Avilio, as long as leaders are ethical, their management methods should not be questioned.

False

Which of the following is true of college professors who are considered leaders? Multiple choice question. They do not require any training for leadership skills. They do not make good leaders. They are both born and made. They find it difficult to learn from their mistakes.

They are both born and made.

True or False: It is essential to consider both context and followers when determining leadership effectiveness.

True

Which of the following is a definition of leadership that appears to exclude any kind of coercion as a leadership tool? Multiple choice question. A complex form of social problem solving An interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to, not because they have to The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner Creating conditions for a team to be effective

An interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to, not because they have to

An individual relying on which of the following research traditions would find it difficult to separate research findings from opinion? A. Primary approach B. Troubadour tradition C. Academic Tradition D. Scientific Tradition

B

Fred Fielder's contingency model of the leadership process included all of the following EXCEPT A. situation B. strategy C. follower D. leader

B

Much of Martin Luther King's success as a leader can be attributed to his ability to A. rely on rational leadership qualities B. Arouse emotions in his followers C. Use logical thinking to inspire others D. Use a checklist approach to leadership

B

Researchers involved in the 'Breaking the Glass Ceiling' study found A. as compared to men, women were more analytical, people oriented, goal oriented, empathetic, and skilled at listening B. women has significantly lower well-being scores C. as compared to women, men were more analytical, people oriented, goal oriented, empathetic, and skilled at listening D. men has significantly lower well-being scores

B

Studies show that women make up about .............. % of the senior executive positions in the United States? A. 8.3 B. 13.5 C. 33.8 D. 22.5

B

All of the following are true of Theory Y except: A. there is a sense of respect for a job well done B. people are motivated to work for the personal growth it provides C. people are not naturally industrious D. people take pride in their organization

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the four general categories of attitudes and behaviors associated with ethical leadership ad ethical role models? A. basic fairness B. ethical actions and self-expectations C. personal behaviors D. articulating ethical standards

C

Which of the following is appropriate for decision-making in complex situations? A. sense, probe, and categorize B. categorize, probe, and respond C. probe, sense, and respond D. sense, categorize, and respond

C

Which of the following is not true regarding personal values and organizational values? A. leaders may fail because of a misalignment between their personal values and those of the organization B. The values of top leaders can often be a better source of a information about how an organization operates than its stated values C. an individual leader's personal values are unlikely to play a significant role in an determining team values D. employees with values similar to the organization are generally more satisfied with their jobs

C

Which of the following is not a myth? A. Leaders develop, whereas managers maintain B. Leaders are born, not made C. Good leadership is all common sense D. The only school you learn leadership from is the school of hard knocks

A

Which employee is least likely to address perceived ethical problems? A. an employee who believes there attractive alternative employment prospects B. an employee who lacks options in the market place C. an employee who is respected and thought to be credible D. an employee on whom others are dependent

B

Which leaders is MOST likely to gain the respect of followers? A. a leader with little influence with higher-ups B. an individual whose followers have participated in the selection of the leader C. A leader who makes dramatic changes very soon after taking her position D. a leader who disagrees with his boss

B

Which of the following does NOT describe a servant leader? A. the leader is able to understand other' feelings and perspectives B. the leader's primary role is to communicate to others C. the leader helps to foster each person's emotional and spiritual health and wellness D. the leader acts as a steward, holding the organization's resources in trust for the greater good

B

Which of the following is NOT one of the four qualities of leadership identified by Bennis and Goldman? A. consistency B. values C. integrity D. empathy

B

Which of the following statements is true? A. The world is composed two mutually exclusive types of people, leaders and non-leaders B. Natural talents or characteristics offer only advantages to leaders C. Leaders are both born and made D. Leadership is either innate or acquired

C

True or False: Most researchers in the field of leadership are in agreement on the basic definition of leadership.

False

True or False: People who consciously believe that they have no negative feeling about a particular group of people, but are systematically biased towards the group, show in-group favoritism.

False

True or False: Studies show that predictions of ethical behavior are generally consistent with actual behavior.

False

True or False: an individual who chooses a team member because he is more like her than the other applicant is showing a conflict of interest bias

False

True or false: A difference between a leader and a manager is that a leader administers while a manager innovates.

False

Management is often associated with which of the following terms? Multiple choice question. Risk-taking Change Planning Dynamic

Planning

Task, stress, and the environment are all part of which component of the interactional framework? Multiple choice question. Leader Situation Follower Strategy

Situation

The fortitude to face risk and overcome fears associated with taking ethical action refers to moral ........

courage

Which of the following is a criticism of servant leadership? A. servant leadership suggests that serving others is an end to itself rather than a means to other organizational goals B. servant leadership's implicit hard core methods make it unpractical in most organizational cultures C. servant leadership typically works to erode the sense of community within an organization D. the lack of commitment to others' growth associated with servant leadership is add odds with career development goals

A

A leader's job in a complex situation is to A. ensure that proper processes are in place B. communicate in clear and direct ways C. follow best practices D. generate new ideas and ways of thinking among everyone

D

The success of Microsoft's founder can be attributed to his intelligence, his vision, and ........... among other things. A. gates' participation in various sports teams that gave him leadership ability B. gates' dorm room computer building success C. gates' opportunity to practice computer programming while still in high school D. the competition his college offered for the best computer design

Gates' opportunity to practice computer programming while still in high school

In contrast to previous generations, which group believes that leaders have to earn their positions, not be given them based on seniority?

Gen Xers

Identify a true statement about the rational and emotional aspects of leadership. Multiple choice question. -Good leadership involves touching others' feelings rather than rational analysis. -Leadership involves both the rational and emotional sides of human experience. -Leadership includes actions and influences based on reason and logic rather than emotions. -Leadership is not about the rational or emotional sides of human experience

Leadership involves both the rational and emotional sides of human experience.

Which definition of leadership appears to exclude informal leadership? A. A complex form of social problem solving B. The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner C. Creating conditions for teams to be effective D. Actions that focus resources to create desirable opportunities

The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner

Which of the following is NOT an example of how researchers have defined leadership? A. Directing and coordinating the work of group members B. Creating conditions for a team to be effective C. The success and failure of an organization A complex form of social problem solving

The success and failure of an organization

Which type of approach should subordinates use when assessing managerial integrity?

dubious reputation

Which of the following are true about ideal leaders? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. They must weigh the rational and emotional consequences of their actions. They must simply base their actions on calculation and planning or following a checklist. They should be someone who responds with only logical predictability. They should use rational techniques and emotional appeals to influence followers.

They must weigh the rational and emotional consequences of their actions. They should use rational techniques and emotional appeals to influence followers.

Companies from around the world lose about ......... each year as a result of fraudulent activity.

2.9 billion

According to Curphy and Hogan, research that consists of articles using data and statistical techniques to make inferences about effective leadership is the A. troubadour tradition B. primary approach C. scientific approach D. academic tradition

D

The less one looks like, acts like, dresses like, and talks like other leaders in the organization, the... A. wider the band of acceptable behavior B. greater the power and authority one has C. lesser the power and authority one has D. narrower band of acceptable behavior

D

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'fronts' of leadership action important to establishing an ethical organizational climate? A. integrity B. core ideology C. process focus D. structual realignment

D