Practice test final exam [test 1-4] micro

Where are you most likely to find prokaryotes belonging to the domain Archaea? a). A human's large intestine b). A hot spring c). A pond d). A sewage treatment plant e). A beer production facility

A hot spring

The nurse in an emergency department is reviewing discharge instructions with a client. The client asks for clarification of a zoonosis, in regards to the type of illness. What is the best response by the nurse? a). A zoonosis refers to any viral disease b). A zoonosis is any disease which can be successfully treated with antibiotics c). A zoonosis is a disease typically found in animals, but which infects humans d). A zoonosis is a disease caused by a eukaryotic parasite

A zoonosis is a disease typically found in animals, but which infects humans

In which of the following conditions is/are microbial infection often implicated as a cause? a). Gastric ulcers b). Female infertility c). Coronary artery disease d). Cervical cancer e). All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

When used in a description of viruses, the term replication includes a). the production of multiple copies of a virus by a host cell. b). the copying of the viral DNA in a DNA virus. c). the copying of the genomic RNA in an RNA virus. d). All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Host cells of viruses include a). human and other animals. b). plants and fungi. c). bacteria. d). protozoa and algae. e). All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Uncoating of viral nucleic acid a). does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication. b). involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid. c). occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle. d). occurs before replication. e). All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Viral cultivation is used for a). diagnosis of viral infections. b). preparation of vaccines. c). producing adequate numbers of viruses for research purposes. d). studying the viral life cycle within host cells. e). observing the effects of viral infection on host cells. f). All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect? a). inclusions in the nucleus b). multinucleated giant cells c). inclusions in the cytoplasm d). rounding of cells e). All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Who was the Dutch merchant that made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms? a). Francesco Redi b). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek c). Louis Pasteur d). Joseph Lister e). Robert Koch

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following is a scientific name? a). Bacteria b). Protista c). Species d). Bacillus subtilis e). Bacilli

Bacillus subtilis

Which of the following are the main decomposers of the Earth? a). Bacteria and fungiCorrect b). Bacteria and viruses c). Algae and viruses d). Protists and fungi e). All organisms are decomposers.

Bacteria and fungi

Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method? a). Belief in a preconceived idea b). Formulation of a hypothesis c). Systematic observation d). Laboratory experimentation e). Development of a theory

Belief in a preconceived idea

Cyanide is a chemical used to dissolve gold and is harmful to the environment and organisms living there. A couple of biochemists came up with the idea of using the bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas to break down the cyanide used by a gold mining company. Which term refers to this use of bacteria? a). BioremediationCorrect b). Immunoextraction c). Decomposition d). Bioextraction e). Biosynthesis

Bioremediation

The scientist(s) that proposed assigning organisms to one of three domains is/are a). Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur b). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek c). Carl Woese and George Fox d). Robert Whittaker e). Francesco Redi

Carl Woese and George Fox

You identify a new species of microorganism in an undersea thermal vent. The microbe is a single cell organism that lacks a nucleus. Which Domain would you classify your new species as belonging to? a). Domain Archaea b). Domain Bacteria c). Domain Eukarya d). None of the answers are correct.

Domain Archaea

Which of the following lists the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right)? a). Family, Order, Class b). Family, Genus, SpeciesCorrect c). Genus, Species, Family d). Class, Phylum, Order e). Kingdom, Domain, Phylum

Family, Genus, Species

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant bacterial spores? a). Joseph Lister b). Ignaz Semmelweis c). Robert Koch d). Ferdinand Cohn e). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Ferdinand Cohn

The most common infectious cause of death worldwide is a). HIV/AIDS b). stroke c). heart disease d). cancer e). malaria

HIV/AIDS

Which of the following represents a virus family name? a). Herpes simplex virusIncorrect b). HerpesviridaeCorrect c). Picornavirus d). Enterovirus e). Hepatitis B virus

Herpesviridae

Which activity is an example of biotechnology? a). Bacteria in the soil secrete an antibiotic to kill competitors b). A microbiologist uses a microscope to study bacteria c) Humans use yeast to make beer and wine d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in the lungs e) Public health officials monitor diseases in a community

Humans use yeast to make beer and wine

Which of the following branches of Microbiology is utilized in diagnosing or treating someone who has broken out in hives and is experiencing respiratory distress due to an exposure to a microbial toxin? a). Agricultural Microbiology b). Epidemiology c). Biotechnology d). Immunology e). Industrial Microbiology

Immunology

Who was the surgeon that advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery? a). Joseph Lister b). Ignaz Semmelweis c). Robert Koch d). Louis Pasteur e). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Joseph Lister

Taxonomy does not involve a). nomenclature. b). classification. c). taxa d). identification e). Koch's postulates

Koch's postulates

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes? a). Diarrheal diseases b). Tuberculosis c).Malaria d). Septicemia e). Influenza

Malaria

Oncogenic viruses include all the following except a). Herpes zoster virus b). Measles virus c). Papillomavirus d). Herpes simplex virus e). Epstein-Barr virus

Measles virus

Which kingdom does not contain any eukaryotes? a). Monera b). Protista c).Mycetae d). Plantae e). Animalia

Monera

Which of the following are not considered microorganisms? a). Mosquitoes b). Protozoa c). Bacteria d). viruses e). Fungi

Mosquitoes

Which of the following is correct about viruses? a). Most viruses cannot be seen with a light microscope b). Viruses are prokaryotic c). Viruses contain 70S ribosomes d). Viruses undergo binary fission e). Viruses contain positive strand RNA

Most viruses cannot be seen with a light microscope

Viruses belong to which of the following Kingdoms? a). Protists b). Fungi c). Archaea d). Bacteria e). None of the choices are correct

None of the choices are correct

A scientist discovers a new microbial species. It is a single-celled eukaryote without cell walls. In which kingdom will it likely be classified? a). Monera b). Protiste c). Fungi d). Animalia e). Plantae

Protista

In Whittaker's system, the protozoa and algae are classified in the kingdom a). Monera b). Protista c). Mycetae d). Platae e). Animalia

Protista

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis? a). Joseph Lister b). Ignaz Semmelweis c). Robert KochCorrect d). Louis Pasteur e). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Robert Koch

A scientist makes a hypothesis that increased susceptibility to mosquito bites has a genetic basis. What is not an appropriate next step for her? a). She should present the data that promotes this hypothesis to get feedback from other scientists. b). She should repeat the experiments that led her to this hypothesis. c). She should propose a theory based on the results from her preliminary experiment. d). She should design a set of experiments that will test her hypothesis in a different way.

She should propose a theory based on the results from her preliminary experiment.

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of this bacterium? a). Staph Aureus b). Staphylococcus c)AureusIncorrect d). Staphylococcus aureus e). Staphylococcus Aureus f). S. Aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following is the least useful information to determine the evolutionary relatedness of two species? a). The environments they live in. b). Their DNA sequences. c). The morphological features that they have in common. d). All of the answers are important for determining evolutionary relatedness.

The environments they live in

Which of the following viruses did D. Ivanowski and M. Beijerinck work with? a). Rabies b). Smallpox c). Tobacco Mosaic Virus d). Herpes e). Epstein-Barr virus

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? a). Viruses cause human disease b). Viruses are composed of cells that lack nuclei c) Viruses cannot be seen without an electron microscope d) Viruses contain genetic material e). Viruses lack ribosomes

Viruses lack ribosomes

Select the FALSE statement about viruses. a). Cellular life-forms most likely preceded the origin of viruses since viruses need host cells in which to develop and reproduce. b). Viruses are the most numerous microbes on Earth. c). Viruses have impacted the evolution of all other cellular life-forms including bacteria, achaeans, and eukaryotes. d). When viruses are treated in a way that prevents them from entering host cells and reproducing, they are said to be dead.

When viruses are treated in a way that prevents them from entering host cells and reproducing, they are said to be dead

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that a). microbes are found on dust particles b). a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease c). life-forms can only arise from preexisting life-forms d). a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom e). microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a). caused by a chronic latent virus. b). initiated by an oncogenic virus. c). caused by a viroid. d). a spongiform encephalopathy of humans. e). also called "Mad Cow disease".

a spongiform encephalopathy of humans

The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is a). penetration, replication, maturation, adsorption, assembly, release. b). replication, penetration, maturation, assembly, absorption, release. c). adsorption, penetration, replication, assembly, maturation, release. d). assembly, maturation, replication, release, penetration, adsorption. e). adsorption, release, maturation, replication, assembly, penetration.

adsorption, penetration, replication, assembly, maturation, release

Organisms called parasites are a). always classified in the kingdom Monera b). always harmful to their host c). the decomposers in ecosystems d). always viruses e). free-living

always harmful to their host

Which is incorrect about prophages? a). present when the virus is in lysogeny b). formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome c). replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny d). always lyse the host cells e). occur when temperate phages enter host cells

always lyse the host cells

Recently Zika virus has been in the news, with many cases in Central and South America and increasing numbers of cases in the southern United States. Five years ago this virus was essentially unheard of in these areas. This is an example of a). an endemic virus. b). an emerging infectious disease. c). genetic recombination. d). a pandemic.

an emerging infectious disease

All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except they a). are formed by the virus utilizing parts of the host cell membrane. b). are found primarily on animal viruses. c). contain special virus proteins. d). help the virus particle attach to host cells. e). are located between the capsid and nucleic acid.

are located between the capsid and nucleic acid

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that a). cause human disease b). lack a cell nucleus c). are infectious particles d). are too small to be seen with the unaided eye e). can only be found growing in laboratories

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except a). type of nucleic acid. b). type of capsid. c). presence of an envelope. d). biochemical reactions. e). nucleic acid strand number.

biochemical reactions

When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called a). bioremediation. b). genetic engineering. c). epidemiology. d). immunology. e). taxonomy.

bioremediation

Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? a). live lab animals b). embryonated bird eggs c). primary cell cultures d). continuous cell cultures e). blood agar cultures

blood agar cultures

When assigning a scientific name to an organism, a). the species name is capitalized. b). the species name is placed first. c). the species name can be abbreviated. d). both genus and species names are capitalized. e). both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined

How do enveloped animal viruses exit their host? a). budding or exocytosis b). bursting the host cell c). rupturing the virus d). endocytosis

budding or exocytosis

Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus a). spike. b). capsomere. c). envelope. d). capsid. e). core.

capsid

Viral capsids are made from subunits called a). envelopes. b). spikes. c). capsomers. d). prophages. e). peplomers.

capsomers.

The virus-induced, specific damage to the host cell that can be seen in a light microscope is called a). lysogeny b). budding c). plaques d). cytopathic effect e). pocks

cytopathic effect

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called a). decomposers b). prokaryotes c). pathogens d). eukaryotes e). fermenters

decomposers

A scientist that constructs a hypothesis and then tests its validity by outlining predicted events of the hypothesis followed by experimenting to test for those events is using the __________ approach. a). inductive b). deductiveCorrect c). instructive d). trial-and-error

deductive

Satellite viruses are A. Also called viroids B. Dependent on other viruses for replication C. The cause of spongiform encephalopathies D. Significant pathogens of plants E. All of the choices are correct

dependent on other viruses for replication.

A scientist studying similarities in the sequence of nucleotides in rRNA of two bacterial species is working on a). determining evolutionary relatedness b). bioremediation c). recombinant DNA d). nomenclature e). determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

determining evolutionary relatedness

Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that a). air had "vital forces" capable of spontaneous generation b). microbial fermentation could be used to make wine c) dust in air was a source of living microorganisms d). microorganisms could cause disease e). microorganisms could be grown in laboratory infusions

dust in air was a source of living microorganisms

The genetic core of every virus particle always contains a). DNA b). capsomers c). enzymes d). DNA and RNA e). either DNA or RNA

either DNA or RNA

Which of the following is not associated with every virus? a). envelope b). capsomers c). capsid d). nucleic acid e). genomic information

envelope

Which of the following parts of a virus is/are not always present? a). envelope b). nucleic acid c). capsid d). capsomers e). None of these choices are correct

envelope

Which of the following viral types enter animal cells via fusion with the animal cell membrane? a). enveloped viruses b). nonenveloped viruses c). naked virusesIncorrect d). All of these choices are correct.

enveloped viruses

The three basic groups of viruses based on morphology include a). enveloped viruses, non enveloped viruses, and complex viruses. b). enveloped viruses, DNA viruses, and non enveloped viruses. c). helical viruses, round viruses, and enveloped viruses. d). non enveloped viruses, RNA viruses, and bacteriophages.

enveloped viruses, non enveloped viruses, and complex viruses.

A scientist collecting grass clippings to find the source of an outbreak of tularemia is an example of working in the field of a). food microbiology b). epidemiology c). agricultural microbiology d). genetoc engineering e). biotechnology

epidemiology

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called a). bioremediation b). genetic engineering c). epidemiology d). immunology e). taxonomy

genetic engineering

Numerous cases of microcephaly have been observed in the newborn babies of women who were infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. This led to the proposed hypothesis that Zika virus was causing the birth defects. This is an example of a). hypothesis testing. b). deductive reasoning. c). inductive reasoning. d). theory development.

inductive reasoning

T-even phages a). include the poxviruses. b). infect Escherichia coli cells. c). enter host cells by engulfment. d). have helical capsids. e). All of these choices are correct.

infect Escherichia coli cells

The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is a). adsorption to the host cells. b). injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell c). host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. d). assembly of nucleocapsids. e). replication of viral nucleic acid.

injection of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell

All of the following pertain to photosynthesis, except a). it occurs only in members of the kingdom Plantae b). carbon dioxide is converted to organic material c). it contributes to the oxygen content in the atmosphere d). it is fueled by light e). it is important to each ecosystem's flow of energy and food

it occurs only in members of the kingdom Plantae

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed? a). species b). phylum c). kingdom d). genus e). family

kingdom

Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called a). latent b). oncogenic c). prions d). viroids e). delta agents

latent

Spontaneous generation is the idea that a). germs cause infectious diseases b). microbes are diverse and ubiquitous c). microbes placed in an infusion can grow in it d). aseptic techniques reduce microbes in medical settings e). living things arise from nonliving matter

living things arise from nonliving matter

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is made virulent by incorporated prophage genes encoding the diphtheria toxin. What term describes this process? a). lytic phase b). budding c). adsorption d). lysogenic conversion e). latent phase

lysogenic conversion

All of the following are characteristics of viruses except a). unique shapes. b). metabolism. c). genes. d). ability to infect host cells. e). ultramicroscopic size.

metabolism

Viruses that consist of only a nucleocapsid are considered a). simple viruses. b). complex viruses. c). naked viruses. d). viroids. e). incomplete viruses.

naked viruses

Which body system is mainly affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? a). digestive system b). genitourinary system c). nervous system d). circulatory system e). respiratory system

nervous system

Which type of virus is most likely to cause cell lysis and rupturing of an infected animal cell when it is released? a). enveloped virus b). RNA virus c). nonenveloped virus d). DNA virus

nonenveloped virus

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____. a). nucleus; cytoplasm b). cytoplasm; cell membrane c). cell membrane; cytoplasm d). cytoplasm; nucleus e). nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus; cytoplasm

Helminths are: a). bacteria b). protozoa c). molds d). parasitic worms e). infectious particles

parasitic worms

Disease-causing microorganisms are called a). decomposers b). prokaryotes c). pathogens d). eukaryotes e). fermenters

pathogens

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called a). biotechnology b). genetics c). recombinant DNA d). phylogeny e). taxonomy

phylogeny

Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called a). lysogeny b). budding c). plaques d). pocks

plaques

Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called a). lysogeny b). budding c). plaques d). cytopathic effects e). pocks

pocks

What tool or technique used by Ivanowski and Beijerinck while studying diseased tobacco plants enabled them to determine that the disease was caused by an agent significantly smaller than bacteria? a). scanning electron microscopy that enabled them to view the virus the tobacco mosaic virus b). transmission electron microscopy that allowed them to view the tobacco mosaic virus c). porcelain filters that trapped bacteria but allowed passage of the virus d). cell culture that enabled cultivation of the virus

porcelain filters that trapped bacteria but allowed passage of the virus

Noncellular infectious protein particles are called a). viroids. b). phages. c). prions. d). oncogenic viruses. e). spikes.

prions

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called a). decomposers b). prokaryotes c). pathogens d). eukaryotes e). fermenters

prokaryotes

The capsomers are unit compositions of a). DNA. b). RNA. c). lipids. d). protein. e). carbohydrate.

protein

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during a). replication. b). assembly. c). adsorption. d). release. e). penetration

release

The smallest taxon is a). genus b). species c). kingdom d). family e). phylum

species

Which of these structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to the host cell wall? a). sheath b). tail fibers c). nucleic acid d). capsid head

tail fibers

All of the following contribute to the rise of emerging diseases, except a). the decrease in drug-resistant bacteria. b). human encroachment on wild habitats. c). changes in agricultural practices. d). human populations are more mobile.

the decrease in drug-resistant bacteria

The nucleocapsid is composed of a). the capsomers assembled into the capsid. b). the nucleic acid of the virus only. c), the nucleic acid along with the capsid. d). the envelope and capsid. e). the envelope, nucleic acid, and capsid

the nucleic acid along with the capsid

When a virus enters a lysogenic phase, it means a). the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent. b). the virus is bursting through the host cell membrane. c). the virus is starting biosynthesis of its nucleic acid. d). the virus will remain in circulation and not continue infecting its host. e). the number of viruses in the host is decreasing as the immune system becomes effective.

the virus is integrated into the DNA of the host cell and is latent.

All of the following are characteristics of viruses except a). they can be crystallized. b). they often have a geometric capsid. c). they have a viscous fluid inside their capsids. d). they can cause fatal diseases. e). they can cause mild diseases.

they have a viscous fluid inside their capsids.

All of the following are correct about prokaryotes, except a). they are smaller than eukaryotes. b). they lack a nucleus. c). they are less complex than eukaryotes. d). they have organelles. e). they are found nearly everywhere

they have organelles

Host range is limited by the a). type of nucleic acid in the virus. b). age of the host cell. c). type of host cell receptors on cell membrane. d). size of the host cell. e). All of these choices are correct.

type of host cell receptors on cell membrane.

While all of the following techniques or tools have provided information regarding the nature of viruses, which one had to be developed before the genetics, biochemistry, and life cycles of viruses could be thoroughly studied? a). scanning electron microscopy b). viral cultivation techniques c). transmission electron microscopy d). serological techniques

viral cultivation techniques

Infectious naked strands of RNA that parasitize plants are called a). viroids. b). phages. c). prions. d). oncogenic viruses. e). spikes.

viroids

All of the following are correct about treating viral diseases except a). viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria. b). many antiviral drugs block viral replication. c). many antiviral drugs cause severe side effects. d). interferons show potential for treating and preventing viral infections. e). All of these choices are correct.

viruses are killed by the same antibiotics that kill bacteria