Praxis 2 high school social studies 0081

"I object in the strongest possible way to having the u.s agree, directl, or indirectly, to be controlled by a league of nations which may at any time..., be drawn with internal conflicts in other countries...we should never allow the u.s to be involved in any internal conflict in another country."-senator henry cabot lodge senator lodge was raising objections 1. ratification of the treaty of versailees, which ended WWI 2. decision to provide economic aid to western europe after WWII 3. participation of the U.S in th ekorean war 4. approval of the nuclear test-ban treaty with the soviet union

1. ratification of the treaty of versailles, which ended WWI

what is an example of the unwritten Constitution the US? 1. system of political parties 2. operation of checks and balances 3. guarantee of freedom of religion 4. sharing of power between state and national governments

1. system of political parties

which change in the buying habits of american consumers occured during the 1920's? 1. the number of credit purchases increased 2. locally made products were preferes over national brands 3. preferences for imported goods greatly increased 4. homemade products experienced a revival in popularity

1. the number of credit purchases increased

the national effort to ratify the women's suffrage amendment was strenghtened by 1. the economic opportunities created by WWI 2. public outrage over corruption in the Federal government 3. a backlash against the adoption of national prohibition 4. active support from the nations business leaders.

1.the economic opportunities created by WWI

as a result of the establishment of the Monroe doctrine, the US was able to 1. acquire parts of south American as land for settlement 2. expand its influence in the Western Hemisphere 3. increase its trade with Asia 4. form military alliances with European nations

2. expand its influence in the Western Hemisphere

the success of the american federation of labor in the late 19th century can be attributed to its policy of... 1. supporting candidates of its own poltical party 2. focusing on gains in wages and working conditions 3. using violence to combat big corporations 4. allowing only steel workers into the union

2. focusing on gains in wages and working conditions

"I object in the strongest possible way to having the US agree, directly or indirectly, to be controlled by a league of nations which may at any time..., be drawn in to deal with internal conflicts in other countries...we should never allow the united states to be involved in any internal conflict in another country." -senator Henry Cabot Lodge Senator Lodge was expressing support for a foreign policy of... 1. containment 2. isolationism 3. interventionism 4. imperialism

2. isolationism

which action could the federal reserve system take to reduce the problem of recession? 1. lowering spending on social programs 2. lowering interest rates 3. raising tariffs on imports 4. raising federal income taxes

2. lowering interest rates

toward the end of WWII the servicemen's readjustment act (first GI bill, 1944) attempted to benefit american society by... 1. guarenteeing racial equality in the armed forces 2. providing educational and financial assistance to veterans 3. abolishing the draft during peacetime 4. strenghthening the concept of civilian control of the military

2. providing educational and financing assistance to veterans.

in the late 1800's many american farmers believed that theri economic problems would be solved by which action of the federal government? 1. enacting a protective tariff on manufactured goods 2.putting more money into circulation 3. suspending pollution laws affecting agriculture 4. paying farmers not to grow certain crops.

2. putting more money into circulation

which issue continues to be a major goal of the women's rights movement in the u.s? 1. having women serve as officers in teh military 2. guaranteeing women equal pay for equal work 3. enabling women to serve in the president's cabinet 4. admitting women to top-ranked unviersities

2. quarenteeing women equal pay for equal work

"There can be no liberty if the same man or the same group had executive, legislative, and judicial control." Which political idea would the author of this statement most likely support? 1. states rights 2. separation of powers 3. socialism 4. federalism

2. separation of powers

"the tools of government which we had in 1933 are outmoded. We have had to forge new tools for a new role of government in a deomcracy, a role of new responsibility for new needs and increased responsibility for old needs, long neglected."-Franklin D. Roosevelt president roosevelt made this statement in order to justify an increase in teh number of new supreme court justices.... 1. defend the new deal programs 2. support a renewal of laissez-fair government 3. secure aid for deomcratic countrie in europe

2. support a renewal of laissez-fair government

the decision of the u.s supreme court in schenck v. u.s 1919 and korematsu v. u.s 1944 show that civil liberties are... 1. considered more important than military goals 2. not guarenteed to immigrants 3. affected by state laws 4. limited in certain situations

4. limited in certain situations

those who supported the ratification of teh u.s constitution promised to add a bill of rights in order to... 1. encourage economic developement 2. prevent the return of english control over the new nation 3. increase the power of the national governent over the states 4. persuade the anti-federalists to accept the constitution

4. persuade the anti-federalists to accept the constitution

the works of upton sinclair, frank norris, and lincoln steffens popularized the idea that... 1. government should not interfere in teh lives of individual citizens 2. newspapers should not try to change public policy 3. women needed equal political rights to become full citizens 4. problem in government and industry and industry needed to be corrected

4. problem in government and industry needed to be corrected.

the creation of the interstate commerce commission 1887, and the passage of the sherman act, 1890 showed that... 1. laissez-faire capitalism would be upheld by the federal government 2. the federal government could not challenge state regulation of business 3. federal civil servants would be hired based on merit rather than political patronage 4. the federal governemnt could regulate business practices

4. the federal government could regulate business practices

in the late 1800's and early 1900's most navtivsts feared continued immigration to the united states because they believed that immigrants would... 1. became the dominant groups in colleges and universities 2. lead antigovernment protests 3. obtain the best farmland 4. work for cheaper wages

4. work for cheaper wages

discuss the 20th century developments, such as World War II and the Holocaust

World War II- war between the Allies, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Luxembourg, Panama, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Norway, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Netherlands, Mexico, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, United States, USSR, Yugoslavia, and the Axis, Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Romania, Slovakia, Thailand, from 1939-1945 Holocaust- the genocide of European Jews and other by the Nazi's during world war II : Israel emerged from the Holocaust and is defined in relation to that catastrophe

discuss the civilization of India and define Islam

India-Caste system Hinduism- diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice native to and predominant in India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth and by desire for liberation from earthly evils Muslim conquest- Islam- a monotheistic religion characterized by the acceptance of the doctrine of submission to god and to muhammad as the chief and last prophet of god.

name the four oceans

Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Artic ocean

discuss the following economic market terms: employment, unemployment, minimum wage, and cost of living

employment- the work in which one is engaged; occupation unemployment-out of work especially involuntarily; jobless minimum wage- the lowest wage, determined by the law or contract that an employer may pay an employee for a specified job cost of living- the average cost of the basic necessities of life, such as food, shelter, and clothing federal reserve- the central bank of the us; incorporates 12 federal reserve branch banks and all national banks and stated charted commercial banks and some trust companies consumer price index- an index prices used to measure that change in the cost of basic goods and services in comparison with a fixed base period. gross national product- the total market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation during a specified period gross domestic product- the total market value of all of the goods and services produced by a nation during the specified period gross domestic product- the total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specified period

discuss the characteristics of the rise and expansion of Europe, such as the Industrial Revolution, Enlightenment, the Reformation, and the Renaissance.

-Industrial Revolution- the complex of radical socioeconomic changes such as the ones that took place in England in the late 18th century, that are brought about when extensive mechanization of production systems results in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large scale-factory production -Enlightenment- Locke, Rousseau, and Jefferson -Reformation- a 16th century movement in western Europe that aimed at reforming some doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches; impacted by John Calvin and Martin Luther -Renaissance-the humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe; impacted by Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Machiavelli

discuss the civilization of japan

-feudalism- a political and economic system based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture. -Shintoism- religion native to Japan, characterized by veneration of nature spirits and ancestors and by a lack of formal dogma -Buddhism -Samurai- emperors, shoguns

during the late 19th century, the growth of capitalism encouraged u.s imperialism because of the desire of business to... 1. obtain new markets for american products 2. compete with foreign industries 3. provide humanitarian aid to poor nations 4. industrialize underveloped nations

1. obtain new markets for american products

the main reason the voting rights act of 1965 removed the literacy test as a voting qualification was that... 1. different standards of literacy had been applied to different groups of voters 2. a majority of voters were unable to read election ballots 3. techonolgy had made voter literacy unnecessary 4. the cost of schieveing literacy was too high

1. different standards of literacy had been applied to different groups of voters.

which social practice has done the most to assimilate immigrants into american culture? 1. education immigrant children in public schools 2. housing immigrants in tenements 3. making low-cost medical care available 4. forming ethnic neighborhoods in cities

1. education immigrant children in public schools

"there shall be loyalty investigation of every person entering the civilian employment of any department or agency of the executive branch of the federal government."-the truman loyalty order, march 22, 1947 president harry truman issued this executive order in response to the... 1. fear of communist party influence in government 2. election of socialist party representatives to congress 3. discovery of spied in defense industries 4. arrest and trial of high-ranking government employees for terrorism

1. fear of communist party influence in government

the u.s constitution attempted to solve a major problem that exhisted under the articles of confederation by providing for 1. federal control of interstate commerce 2.the direct election of the president by the people 3. stronger state goverments 4. a balanced federal budget.

1. federal control of interstate commerce.

which statement canbe supported by a study of the populist and the progressive movements in u.s history? 1. ideas that seem radical in one time period often become accecpted in later times 2. third-party movements have often been successful in winning presidential elections 3. the main goal of the third-party movements has been to influence u.s foreign policy 4. protest movements have usually ended in complete failure.

1. ideas that seem radical in one time period often became accepted in later times.

the main political function of lobbyists for special interest groups to... 1. influence public officials to support or oppose specific programs 2. provide a source of unbaised information for legislators 3. nominate candidates for elective offices 4. simplify the process of developing and passing laws

1. influence public officials to support or oppose specific

in 1939, the immediate response of the u.s to the start of WWII in europe was too... 1. modify its neutrality policy by providing aid to the allies 2. declare war on germany and italy 3. strenghten its isolationist position by ending trade with england 4. send troops to the allied nations to act as advisors

1. modify its neutrality policy by providing aid to the allies

which statement best describes the status of african americans immediately after the end of reconstruction in 1877 1. most african americans held factory jobs in urban areas 2. most african americans were able to take advantage of educational opportunities at colleges 3. despite the passage of several constitutional amendments, african americans found that gaining equal rights was very difficult 4. political rights for african americans were guarenteed in the south, but restrictions and discrimination increased in teh north.

3. despite the passage of several constitutional amendments, african americans found that gaining equal rights was very difficult.

immediately after world war II, the relationship between the US and the soviet union became strained because... 1. both nations were competing for supremacy in space exploration 2. the US prevented the Soviet Union from joining the United nations 3. each nation believe that the other was a threat to its national security 4. the US used military forces in Cuba and South Vietnam

3. each nation believed that the other was a threat to its national security

in the late 19th century, the major goal of trusts was to... 1. help workers improve theri relations with management 2. cooperate with government agencies 3. eliminate competition 4. encourage the formation of new businesses

3. eliminate competition

a primary aim of the u.s immigration policy in the 1920's was to... 1. encourage immigration of well-educated and wealthy persons 2. increase the number of immigrants from asia and latin america 3. limit immigration from southern and eastern european nations 4. help solve the WWI refugee problem

3. limit immigration from southern and ester european nations

"the powers not delegated to the u.s by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people."-10th amendment this part of the bill of rights was intended to... 1. give the people the right to vote on important issues 2.assure the same right ot vote on important issues 3. limit the powers of the federal government 4. limit the power of the states over their citizens

3. limit the powers of the federal government

what would be an expected result of of the public financing of election campaigns? 1.personal income taxes would be reduced 2. political parties would no longer be necessary 3. people who contribute large amounts of money would lose their influence 4. incumbents would be guaranteed reelection

3. people who contribute large amounts of money would loose their influence

a graduated, progressive, income tax is based on teh idea that tax rates shoudl be... 1. be the same for all individuals and businesses 2. be adjsuted to achieve a balanced federal budget 3. rise as individual or business income rise 4. increase more rapidly for business profits thatn for personal incomes

3. rise as indivduals or business incomes rises

which statement is a valid conclusion on President Dwight D. Eisenhower's approach to applying brown v. board of education ruling to the desegregation of central high school in little rock Arkansas? 1. state governors do not have to obey Supreme court rulings 2. presidents refuse to allow military intervention in local disputes 3. some supreme court decisions are not effective unless the president have been unwilling to enforce laws pertaining to minorities 4. presidents have been unwilling to enforce laws pertaining to minorities

3. some supreme court decisions are not effective unless the president enforces them

what has been the most frequent criticism of the electoral college syatem? 1. an excessive number of third-party candidates have neen encouraged to run for office 2. electors frequently ignore the vote of the people 3. the person who wins the popular vote has not always been chosen as president 4. the electors are not chosen by political parties

3. the person who wins the popular vote has not always been chosen as president

in the late 1990's congressional opposition to granting a more favorable trade status to china was based primarily on china's... 1. persecution of hong kong's residents 2. high-priced exports 3. history of unstable government 4. disregard for human rights

4. disregard for human rights

which statement best describes a foreign policy followed by president george washington? 1. he sent aid to french revolutionaries 2. he formed alliances with european nations 3. he supported expansion into british canada 4. he adopted a position of neutrality

4. he adopted a position of neutrality

in 1933 resident franklin D. roosevelt announced the good neighbor policy primarily to... 1. increase immigration from latin america 2. grant diplomatic recognition to the soviet uniont 3. promote free trade with the nations of europe 4. improve relations with latin america

4. improve relations with latin america

"In this crisis, governement is not the solution to our problems...it is my intention to curb the size and influence of the federal establishment and to demand recognition of the federal establishment and to deman recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to teh federal government and those reserved to the states or to the people. all of us need to be reminded that the federal government did not create the state; the states created the federal government."-president ronadl reagan first inaugural address january 20, 1981 which action did the reagan administration take based on the belief expressed in these statements? 1. it increased government soending on social programs 2. it reduced defense spending 3. it increased corporate and personal income taxes 4. it reduced government regulation of business

4. it reduced government regulation of business

name the 7 continents

Africa, Asia, Europe, Antarctica, North America, south America, and Australia

discuss the founding of the u.s. including the American revolution, the Declaration of Independence, the Article of Confederation, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson

American Revolution- the revolution of the American colonies against Great Britain 1775-1783 Declaration of Independence- the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress July 4th, 1776 asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain. Article of Confederation- a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by gave the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens John Adams- the first Vice President (1789-1797) and second President (1797-1801) of the U.S. He was a major figure during the american Revolution, the drafting of the Declaration of Independence, and the shaping of the Constitution Thomas Jefferson- the third President of the U.S. (1801-1809) a member of the second continental congress, he drafted the declaration of independence in 1776, his presidency was marked by the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France, and the Tripolitan War, 1801-1805, a political philosopher, educator, and architect, Jefferson designed his own estate, Monticello and buildings for the University of Virginia.

discuss the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome.

Ancient Egypt- 2700-1090 B.C.religious ruler, pyramids and the valley of kings, hieroglyphics and the Rosetta stone Greece- 2000-300 B.C.E. social structure and the concepts of citizenship, commerce, the city-state, and colonies, Alexander the Great-king of Macedon; conqueror of Greece and Egypt and Persia; founder of Alexandria , Athens, Sparta Rome- 700 B.C.E-500 C.E. mythology, military dominance, stages of government, origin and spread of Christianity, Constantinople, reason for the fall of the empire

discuss the civilization of china

Buddhism- the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth Confucianism- of relating to or characteristic of Confucius, his teachings, or his followers Taoism- a principal philosophy and system of religion of china based on the teachings of Lao-tzu in the sixth century B.C. and on subsequent revelations. It advocated preserving and restoring the Tao in the body and the cosmos -Construction of the Great Wall

discuss the civilizations of central and south america, as well as the civilization of sub-Saharan African.

Central and South America- -Mayas-a member of a Mesoamerican Indian people inhabiting southeast mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, who's civilization reached its height around A.D. 300-900. The Maya are noted for their architecture and city planning, their mathematics and calendar, and their hieroglyphic writing system. -Aztecs- a member of a people of central mexico whose civilization was at its height at the time of the spanish conquest in the early 16th century -Incas-a member of the group of quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the spanish conquest sub-Saharan African -trading empires -forest kingdoms

discuss the founding of the United States, including the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, Harriet Tubman, William Lloyd Garrison, and Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Civil War- The war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy from 1861-1865. Abraham Lincoln- the 16th President of the United States 1861-1865, led the Union during the Civil War and emancipated slaves in the South 1863. He was assassinated shortly after the end of the war by John Wilkes Booth. Harriet Tubman- american abolitionist. born a slave on a Maryland Plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom William Lloyd Garrison-American abolitionist leader who founded and published The Liberator(1831-1865), an antislavery journal Harriet Beecher Stowe-american writer whose antislavery journal Uncle Tom's Cabin(1852) had great political influence and advanced the cause of abolition.

Discuss 29th century developments, such as the Cold War and Stalin.

Cold War-1945-1990 conflict between the two groups loosely categorized as the West, the U.S. and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) allies, and the East, the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, loosely described as the eastern bloc. A full-scale "east versus west" war never actually broke out, hence the metaphor of a "cold' war with a predilection for quashing armed conflicts to prevent a "hot" and escalating shooting war whenever possible. A good show was made on both sides that the conflict was primarily about economic, philosophic, cultural, social, and political ideology. The West criticized the west as promoting bourgeois capitalism and imperialism. Stalin- soviet politician, successor of Lenin, he was general secretary of the Communist Party, and premier of the USSR. his rule was marked by the exile of Trotsky, a purge of government and military, industrialization, and a victorious but devastating role for the Soviets in World War II.

discuss the following international organizations: European Union and the World Trade Organization

European Union(EU)- an economic and political union established in 1993 after the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty by members of the European Community, which forms its core. in establishing the European Union, the treaty expanded the political scope of the European Community, especially in the area of foreign and security policy, and provided for the creation of a central European bank and the adoption of a common currency by the end of the 20th century. World trade Organization(WTO)- Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. these rules help producers, exporters, and importers conduct their business, and ensure that trade flows as smoothly and predictably as possible. these rules also respect the right of governments to pursue broader goals such as sustainable development, the protection of human, animal of plant health, ane the provision of public services.

discuss characteristics of the rise and expansion of Europe, such as feudalism, the black death, French revolution, and Napoleon Bonaparte

Feudalism- political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal an characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture the black death- the epidemic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe French revolution- the revolution in France against the Bourbons 1789-1799 Napoleon Bonaparte- emperor of the French 1804-1814, a brilliant military strategist, he deposed the French Directory 1799 and proclaimed himself first consul. his military and political might gripped continental Europe but failed to encompass Great Britain, after a disastrous winter campaign in Russia, he was forced to abdicate 1814. his codification of laws, Napoleonic Code, still forms the basis of French civil law.

discuss the founding of the US including George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Constitution, the bill of Rights, and the Louisiana Purchase.

George Washington- american military leader and the first president of the US 1789-1797. commander of the american forces in the revolutionary war 1775-1783, he presided over the second continental convention 1787 and was elected president of the fledgling country, he shunned partisan politics and in his farewell he warned against foreign involvement Benjamin Franklin- american public official, writer, scientist, and printer. after the success of his Poor Richards Almanac 1732-1757, he entered politics and played a major part in the american he entered politics and played major part in the american revolution. he negotiated french support for the colonists, signed the treaty of paris 1783, and helped draft the constitution. numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightening rod, bifocal spectacles and a stove constitution- fundamental law of the US, framed in 1787, ratified in 1789, and variously amended since then bill of rights- the first ten amendments to the US constitution added in 1791 to protect certain rights of citizens Louisiana Purchase- a territory of the western US extending from the Mississippi river to the rocky mountains between the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian border

discuss the founding of the United States, including the Gettysburg Address, the emancipation proclamation, Andrew Carnegie, John d. Rockefeller, and the panama canal

Gettysburg Address- a three minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War, November 19th 1863, at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the battle of Gettysburg Emancipation Proclamation- an order during the Civil War by President Lincoln ending slavery in the Confederate states Andrew Carnegie- Scottish born American industrialist and philanthropist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry and donated millions of dollars for the benefit of the public John D. Rockefeller- United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away 1839-1937 Panama Canal- a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States 1904-1914

discuss 20th century development in the US such as the Harlem Renaissance, Prohibition, Women's Suffrage, the great depression, and the new deal

Harlem Renaissance- originally called the New Negro Movement, a literary ad intellectual flowering that fostered a new black cultural identity in the 1920s and 1930s. authors: Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Zora Neale Hurston Prohibition- a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages in 1920 the 18th amendment to the Constitution established prohibition in the US Women's Suffrage-led by suffragist and suffragettes, a social, economic, and political reform movement aimed to the one-man-one-vote principle great depression- time period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment the new deal- the programs and policies to promote economic recovery and social reform during the 1930s by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

define the following international economic terms: imports, exports, tariffs, economic sanctions, and exchange rate.

Imports- to bring or carry in from an outside source, especially to bring in goods or materials, from a foreign country for trade of sale exports- to send or transport a commodity, for example, abroad especially for trade or sales tariffs- a list or system of duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods quotas- a proportional share, as of goods, assigned to a group or to each member of a group; an allotment economic sanctions- restrictions upon international trade and finance that one country imposes on another for political reasons exchange rate-the charge for exchanging currency of one country for currency of another.

discuss the 20th century developments in the united states, such as Korean War, McCarthyism, Desegregation, and the Vietnam War.

Korean War that lasted from 1950-1953 between North Korea, aided by China and South Korea, aided by United Nations forces consisting primarily of u.s troops McCarthyism-the practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty or subversion with insufficient regard to evidence Desegregation- to open, a school or work place, to members of all races or ethnic groups, especially by force of law. Vietnam War- a protracted military conflict (1954-1975) between the Communist forces of North Vietnam supported by China and the Soviet Union and the non-communist forces of South Vietnam supported by the u.s.

discuss the founding of the u.s, including Manifest Destiny, Mexican War, war of 1812, Monroe Doctrine, the Trail of Tears, and Eli Whitney.

Manifest Destiny- the 19th century doctrine that the u.s had the right and duty to expand throughout the North American Continent. Mexican War- A war 1846-1848 between the u.s and Mexico, resulting in the cession by Mexico of lands now constituting all or most of the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. War of 1812- a war 1812-1814 between the u.s and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France Monroe Doctrine- an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers Trail of Tears-the illegal removal by the u.s government of the Cherokee of Georgia to what was called Indian Territory in 1838-39. Several of the five civilized tribes has their own versions of the trail of tears Eli Whitney- American inventor and manufacturer whose invention of the cotton gin, 1793, revolutionized the cotton industry.

discuss early explorers such as Marco Polo Christopher Columbus,Ferdinand Magellan, and Vasco da Gama

Marco polo- Venetian traveler who explored asia from 1271 to 1295. his travels of Marco Polo was the only account of the far east available to Europeans until the 17th century. Christopher columbus- Italian explorer in the service for Spain who determined that the earth was round and attempted to reach Asia by sailing west from Europe, thereby discovering America(1492). He made three subsequent voyages to the Caribbean in his quest for a sea route to China. Ferdinand Magellan-Portuguese navigator. While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas(1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms into the strait that now bears his name(1520). he named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines(1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain(1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. Vasco Da Gama- Portuguese explorer and colonial administrator. The first European to sail to India (1497-1498), he opened the lands of the East to the Portuguese trade and colonization.

define the following economic market terms: competition, supply, demand, production, consumption, inflation, recession, trade, and price.

competition- rivalry between two or more businesses striving for the same customer market supply-the amount at which producer is willing and able to produce demand-the amount at which a buyer is willing and able to buy production- the act or process of producing consumption- the act or process of consuming inflation- a persistent increase in the level of consumer prices or persistent decline in the purchasing power of money, caused by an increase in available currency and credit beyond the proportion of available goods and services recession- an extended decline in general business activity, typically three consecutive quarters of falling real gross national product trade- the business of buying and selling commodities commerce price- the amount as of money or goods, asked for or given in exchange for something else

discuss the nature and purposes of government, as well as the rights and responsibilities of US citizens

government- the act of process of governing , especially the control and administration of public policy in a political unit government serves many purposes including: collective decision making and conflict resolution there are several forms of government including: federalism, parliamentary system, constitutional structures, unitary systems, civilian rights and responsibilities: US citizens have the freedom of speech, press assembly, petition, religion, and privacy. We also have property rights, the right to choose one's work, the right to join or not join a labor union, and the right to apply for copyrights and patents. there are also legal obligations to abide by such as the law, pay taxes, and serve on jury.

Discuss the 3 branches of government

legislative branch- made up of the Congress and government agencies such as the government printing office and library of congress that provide assistance to and support services for the congress. Article I of the Constitution established this branch and gave congress power to make laws. congress has two parts: the house of representative and the senate judicial branch- made up of the court system. the supreme court is the highest court in the land article III of the constitution established this court and all other federal courts were created by congress. courts decide arguments about the meaning of laws, how the are applied, and whether they break the rules of the constitution executive branch- makes sure that the laws of the united states are obeyed. the president of the united states is the head of the executive branch of government. this branch is very large so the president gets help from the vice president, department heads, or cabinet members, and heads of independent agencies. the constitution instituted a separation of powers between the three branches

discuss the following geography terms: longitude, latitude, equator, international dateline.

longitude- angular distance on the earths surface, measured east to west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees or hours, minutes, and seconds. latitude- the angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along a meridian as on a map or globe equator- the imaginary great circle around the earths surface, equidistant from the pols and perpendicular to the earths axis of rotation. it divides the earth into the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere international dateline- an imaginary line on the surface of the earth following the 180th meridian

discuss significant people of the 20th century developments such as mao zedong, mohandas gandhi, and nelson mandela.

mao zedong-chinese communist leader and theorist a founder of the chinese communist party he led the long march and proclaimed the peoples republic of china in 1949. as party chairman and the countrys first head of state he initiated the great leap forward and the founding of communes. he continued as party chairman after 1959 and was a leading figure in the cultural revolution. in the 1970's he consolidated his political power and established ties with the west. mohandas gandhi-indian nationalist and spiritual leader who developed the practice of nonviolent disobedience that forced great britian to grant independence to india he was assassinated by a hindu fanatic nelson mandela-south african president and black political leader imprisoned for nearly 30 years for his anti-apartheid activities. released in 1990, he led the african national congress in negotiating an end to apartheid in 1993 he shared the nobel peace prize

discuss the scientific revolution

newton- english mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory bout the nature of light, and three laws of motion. his treatise on gravitation, presented in principia mathematicsematica 1687, was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple galileo- italian astronomer and mathematician, demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make discoveries 1564-1642 copernicus- polish astronomer who advanced the theory that earth and other planets revolve around the sun, disrupting the Ptolemaic system of astronomy

discuss the following prehistoric and early civilization world history terms: paleolithic and neolithic

paleolithic- of or relating to the cultural period of the stone age beginning with the earliest chipped stone tools, about 750,000 years ago, until the beginning of the mesolithic age about 15,000 years ago. also known as the old stone age neolithic- of or relating to the cultural period of the stone-age beginning around 10,000 B.C. in the middle east and later elsewhere, characterized by the development of agriculture and the making of polished stone implements. also known as the new stone age.

define the following economic market terms: scarcity, cost, resources, needs, wants, opportunity cost, market, property, and capital

scarcity- insufficiency of amount or supply; shortage cost-an amount paid or required in payment for a purchase resources-something that can be used for support or help needs- a condition or situation in which something is required wants-desire greatly, wish for opportunity costs- cost in terms of foregone alternatives market- the business of buying and selling a specified commodity property-something owned: a possession capital-wealth in the form of money or property, used or accumulated in a business by a person, partnership, or corporation

discuss the following international organizations: united nations, north Atlantic treaty organization, and the organization of petroleum exporting countries.

united nations(UN)- an international organization composed of most of the countries of the world. It was founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and economic development. north Atlantic treaty organization(NATO)- an international organization created in 1949 by the north Atlantic treaty for purposes of collective security. organization of petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)- an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on common policy for the sale of petroleum.