Praxis 5002- Literature and Informational Texts, Writing Speaking and Listening

using (i.e., ______) versus using (e.g., _______) She prefers to watch movies that make her cry (i.e., Gone with the Wind). VERSUS She prefers to watch movies that make her cry (e.g., Gone with the Wind).

"i.e." denotes that the options listed within the parentheses are the only examples "e.g." cites just one or two examples of many Since "movies" is plural, there are other movies that she prefers; therefore, "i.e." is incorrect.

Which TWO of the following can be classified as expository writing? (A) A short story (B) A technical speech (C) A personal diary (D) A scientific report (E) An editorial commentary

(A) A short story (B) a technical speech (C) A personal diary (D) A scientific report (E) an editorial comment Both (B) and (D) require information to be collected and synthesized (A) is a narrative (C) and (E) involve the writer's thoughts and opinions but require no facts

How many phonemes are in the word "ball"? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

(A) 1 INCORRECT ball has one syllable but not one phoneme (B) 2 "ba" is 2 phonemes (C) 3 (D) 4 the /ll/ is a blend so 1 phoneme not 2

Hyperbole

exaggeration for effect

Feet

units of rhythm consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables makes up a meter

Iamb

unstressed, stressed syllable pattern in a poem

Sonnet

14 line poem with typically 10 syllables per line

Which of the following primary sources would be the most appropriate choice to use in an informative piece of writing about women's experiences on the Oregon Trail? A.Daguerreotypes and photographs taken on the trailYour B.Ledgers of what customers purchased for their trips C.Letters sent by travelers to family members back east D.Advertisements for wagon trains and guides to the west

A.Daguerreotypes and photographs taken on the trailYour B.Ledgers of what customers purchased for their trips C.Letters sent by travelers to family members back east Letters written by both men and women D.Advertisements for wagon trains and guides to the west

Concrete poem

also known as a visual poem the words are arranged in a way that the words create an image or shape

Persuasive Writing

attempts to convince readers of a certain idea or belief.

Couplet

grouping of two lines

Qualitative Factors of Text Complexity

knowledge demands...

what is the function of an adverb?

modify the verb or verb phrase

Informative writing

shares information that readers may not have already known.

Opinion writing

shares the writer's ideas or beliefs about a subject or issue.

Verse

one line of a poem

Narrative writing

tells a story

Tier 1 Vocabulary

the most basic words- rarely need instruction and do not have multiple meanings (ex: book, girl, sad, run, dog) a lot of word families

Rhythm

pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line or a verse

Free verse poem

poem with inconsistent meter (number of syllables in a line) and rhythm

Poem's rhyme scheme is

poets may choose to rhyme various lines of their poems, or they may decide to leave out rhymes altogether, a style called blank verse.

Structural element in poetry: meter

regular pattern of beats in a poem iamb- two syllables following the pattern unstressed, stressed

Onomatopoeia

word that imitate sound it represents (buzz for bee)

Stanza

Is a division of four or more lines having a fixed length, meter or rhyming scheme

I went to my cousin's birthday party this weekend. It was so much fun! She turned fifteen. She wore the most beautiful dress in the world! She looked like a princess. I danced to some of my favorite songs. I also ate a piece of cake as big as my head! Before I knew it, vroom! The party was over. I had so much fun at her party. Spot the hyperbole

"the most beautiful dress in the world!" is hyperbole because it's an overtly dramatic exaggeration.

What figurative language is used? 'What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run?'

'What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run?'

Which of the following is considered a reliable source for research? (A) A wiki encyclopedia entry (B) An online discussion forum (C) A famous scientist's personal blog (D) An educational institution's Web site

(A) A wiki encyclopedia entry Public edits which are unreliable bc info can not be verified. (B) An online discussion forum Participant's opinions (C) A famous scientist's personal blog it may have scientific facts but we are unsure if it will have personal opinion or bias (D) An educational institution's Web site when you think of reliability think of bias and correct info

Which of the following technology-based tools best facilitates both personal writing and written discussion about the writing? (A) Blogging programs (B) Interactive gaming (C) Slide-share programs (D) Interactive whiteboards

(A) Blogging programs bc you can comment on blogs Have personal writing as well as writing forums that encourage readers to respond to the writing being discussed (B) Interactive gaming Encourages interaction and perhaps oral discussion but does not promote writing (C) Slide-share programs May result in writer commentary but response is to an image and not a written piece (D) Interactive whiteboards are a tool to help students visualize and participate in certain aspects of writing, but they do not facilitate personal writing.

Original Sentence The sailor viewed the sky to determine how the trip would go. Revision The mariner surveyed the clouds to predict the trip's success. The revised sentence reflects an improvement in of which of the following aspects of writing? (A) Conventions(B) Organization(C) Sentence fluency (D) Word choice

(A) Conventions (B) Organization (C) Sentence fluency (D) Word choice (A) Conventions idk it sounds like he went to a thesaurus

A student whose writing shows an awareness of spacing (though spaces between words are not even), makes sporadic use of proper capitalization, and contains some invented spelling is most likely functioning at which of the following stages of developmental writing? (A) Emergent (B) Transitional (C) Conventional (D) Proficient

(A) Emergent Use letters/ letter-like symbols but are not familiar with print or spelling conventions (B) Transitional Students are beginning to have a more formal sense of print conventions, letters, words, and sentences. (C) Conventional Students are able to select types of writing to suit the purpose of what they are writing and have more control over structure, spelling, and punctuation (D) Proficient Have developed a personal style and a larger vocab Writing is much more cohesive too

An English-language learner who is capable of matching pictures with words and phrases from a story but cannot yet use those pictures to recreate the sequence of a story is functioning at which of the following language proficiency levels? (A) Entering (B) Developing (C) Expanding (D) Bridging

(A) Entering ELL's at the "entering" stage of language proficiency can process and produce the English needed to successfully engage in the reading activities mentioned but cannot identify main ideas or sequence from pictures. (B) Developing ELL's can identify main ideas or sequence from pictures. (C) Expanding (D) Bridging

Which TWO of the following syllable types are present in the word "remarkable"? (A) Open (B) Closed (C) Vowel team (D) R-controlled

(A) Open "re" is an opened syllable an opened syllable is a syllable that ends in a long vowel produced by a single vowel (B) Closed (C) Vowel Team two or more vowels together that make a unique sound ? (D) R-controlled "mar" is an r-controlled syllable the "r" controls the vowel sound causing the "a"to have a unique sound re/mark/a/ble ? I forgot what R-controlled vowel syllable was

Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for using easy books to increase fluency in a nonfluent student? (A) Providing opportunities for the nonfluent student to read self-selected easy books to a younger student (B) Asking a younger, more fluent reader to read an easy book aloud to the nonfluent student (C) Assigning an easy-to-read nonfiction book to the nonfluent student for independent reading (D) Encouraging other students to interrupt and correct when the nonfluent student is reading easy books aloud

(A) Providing opportunities for the nonfluent student to read self-selected easy books to a younger student (B) Asking a younger, more fluent reader to read an easy book aloud to the nonfluent student (C) Assigning an easy-to-read nonfiction book to the nonfluent student for independent reading This may help the student practice but it takes away from the students autonomy and may detract from enjoyment (D) Encouraging other students to interrupt and correct when the nonfluent student is reading easy books aloud

Which of the following statements best describes how graphic novels promote inferencing? (A) Readers rely on characters' dialogue to tell the story. (B) Readers are given graphic organizers to facilitate understanding. (C) Readers can summarize the stories' beginning, middle, and end. (D) Readers use the pictures to interpret the text.

(A) Readers rely on characters' dialogue to tell the story. (B) Readers are given graphic organizers to facilitate understanding. (C) Readers can summarize the stories' beginning, middle, and end. this is incorrect because the ease of summarization is not unique to graphic novels. (D) Readers use the pictures to interpret the text. The images in a graphic novel provide information not included within the text, such as character attributes In a graphic novel, the combination of text and images is required to produce the complete story

Mike loves playing football. He is the quarterback for his team, and he knows when to call the right plays. He hates having to miss a practice, and his teammates are frustrated when he's not there. They always say, "Where is Mike? We are lost without him." The team usually has a good practice even if he is not there, but they miss out on practicing key plays. Which of the following best explains how the reader knows that the passage is from a third- person narrative? (A) The narrator is only an observer of the action in the passage. (B) The narrator is participating in the dialogue in the passage. (C) The narrator discloses only his or her thoughts and feelings in the passage. (D) The narrator uses the present tense to discuss the conflict in the passage.

(A) The narrator is only an observer of the action in the passage. This is the characteristic of a third person narrative (B) The narrator is participating in the dialogue in the passage. (C) The narrator discloses only his or her thoughts and feelings in the passage. (D) The narrator uses the present tense to discuss the conflict in the passage. Even though he uses present tense- tense is not an indicator of pov of a narrative

1. The teacher from Nebraska displayed Native American artifacts to her class. 2. The teacher displayed Native American artifacts from Nebraska to her class. 10. The meaning of sentence 1 differs from that of sentence 2 in that the: (A) sentences do not have the same simple predicate (B) adjective phrase "from Nebraska" modifies different nouns (C) subject of sentence 1 is "teacher," while the subject of sentence 2 is "artifacts" (D) first sentence ends in a prepositional phrase, while the second sentence does not

(A) sentences do not have the same simple predicate the simple predicate "displayed" remains the same in both sentences (B) adjective phrase "from Nebraska" modifies different nouns (C) subject of sentence 1 is "teacher," while the subject of sentence 2 is "artifacts" The teacher is the subject in both (D) first sentence ends in a prepositional phrase, while the second sentence does not Both sentence ends with the same prepositional phrase In sentence 1 the teacher is from Nebraska, while in sentence 2 the Native American artifacts are from Nebraska. Thus, the placement of the adjective phrase "from Nebraska" after two different nouns changes the meaning of the sentences.

Two hamsters sat in the cage side by side; a furtive, timid one and a glossy, bold one watched each other warily. The sentence above is an example of a (A) simple sentence (B) compound sentence (C) complex sentence (D) compound-complex sentence

(A) simple sentence (B) compound sentence (C) complex sentence (D) compound-complex sentence The correct answer is (B). This sentence has two independent clauses joined by a semicolon, including one independent clause with a compound subject. Without dependent clauses, the sentence cannot be characterized as either (C) complex or (D) compound- complex. A simple sentence (A) contains only one independent clause.

In a student discussion about whether the school cafeteria should stop selling junk food, which of the following statements best demonstrates active listening? (A) "In my opinion, it would be a mistake to remove junk food from the cafeteria because no one would eat there anymore." (B) "Raul thinks that our health should come before eating what we love, but Lacey argues that the schools should not take away our right to choose." (C) "How many of you would actually buy lunch if the cafeteria stopped selling junk food?" (D) "What if we write a formal complaint to the superintendent to voice our opinion on the food in the cafeteria?"

(B) "Raul thinks that our health should come before eating what we love, but Lacey argues that the schools should not take away our right to choose." The correct answer is (B). The statement demonstrates paraphrasing of others' statements. An active listener spends more time listening than talking, which paraphrasing demonstrates. Statement (A) neither acknowledges previous opinions nor asks for any further ones. While statement (C) asks for opinions, it does not indicate that the speaker will actively listen to the replies. Though statement (D) is worded as a question, it is a statement of an idea that may or may not have been developed through active listening.

Which of the following is most commonly used in digital text to give a reader access to additional information about a topic? (A) A citation (B) A hyperlink (C) An index (D) A glossary

(B) A hyperlink you could find this in a citation but it will take more time and less efficient

Which of the following is most typically included in the conclusion of an oral presentation? (A) An expansion of the thesis (B) A summarization of the main points (C) An attempt to build rapport with the audience (D) A move to gain the audience's attention

(B) A summarization of the main points

Which of the following is true of qualitative measures of text complexity? (A) They describe statistical measurements of a text. (B) They rely on computer algorithms to describe text. (C) They involve attributes that can be measured only by human readers. (D) They account for the different motivational levels readers bring to texts.

(C) They involve attributes that can be measured only by human readers.

Manuel is the tallest of the two boys. Which of the following statements about the sentence is true? (A) The sentence is written correctly. (B) The subject and verb do not agree. (C) The word "boys" should be possessive. (D) "Tallest" modifies Manuel incorrectly.

A) The sentence is written correctly. (B) The subject and verb do not agree. (C) The word "boys" should be possessive. (D) "Tallest" modifies Manuel incorrectly. "Tallest" is in the superlative degree, which is used when comparing more than two things. "Taller" is the correct word to use, since it is in the comparative degree, and therefore, the sentence is not written correctly (A). Both Manuel and "is" are singular, therefore (B) is incorrect, and (C) is incorrect because "boys" is written correctly as a plural rather than a possessive. "the" is throwing me off. I don't think it is a but idk what else it would be possibly b.

Which of these uses of figurative language best describes a teacher helping a student? A. A butterfly emerging from its chrysalis B. A soaring sage who supplements sources C. A mentor who gave a lifelong love of learning D. A banker who loans knowledge without interest

A. A butterfly emerging from its chrysalis This choice is incorrect. This metaphor is ineffective, as students are the ones who show growth and change as they are helped by the teacher. B. A soaring sage who supplements sources This choice is incorrect. This example of alliteration describes only one uninspiring way in which teachers help students. C. A mentor who gave a lifelong love of learning This choice is incorrect. There is no figurative language used here. D. A banker who loans knowledge without interest This is the correct answer. This metaphor compares teachers to bankers and describes the relationship using knowledge as currency. WSL- Interprets Figurative Language

The orange cat lay down on the house's front step. He looked out to the street. The morning was quiet. The summer heat was heavy. The children didn't want to come outside to play. The cat licked his front right paw. He was the king of the street—for now. This passage best represents which of the following types of writing? A. Informative B. Narrative C. Opinion D. Persuasive

A. Informative B. Narrative C. Opinion D. Persuasive

"Mornings before daylight I slipped into cornfields and borrowed a watermelon, or a mushmelon, or a punkin, or some new corn, or things of that kind. Pap always said it warn't no harm to borrow things if you was meaning to pay them back some time; but the widow said it warn't anything but a soft name for stealing, and no decent body would do it. Jim said he reckoned the widow was partly right and pap was partly right; so the best way would be for us to pick out two or three things from the list and say we wouldn't borrow them any more—then he reckoned it wouldn't be no harm to borrow the others. So we talked it over all one night, drifting along down the river, trying to make up our minds whether to drop the watermelons, or the cantelopes, or the mushmelons, or what. But towards daylight we got it all settled satisfactory, and concluded to drop crabapples and p'simmons. We warn't feeling just right before that, but it was all comfortable now. I was glad the way it come out, too, because crabapples ain't ever good, and the p'simmons wouldn't be ripe for two or three months yet." Which sentence best reveals development in Huckleberry Finn's character? A."I slipped into cornfields and borrowed a watermelon, or a mushmelon, or a punkin, or some new corn, or things of that kind." B."it warn't no harm to borrow things if you was meaning to pay them back some time" C."so the best way would be for us to pick out two or three things from the list and say we wouldn't borrow them any more" D."I was glad the way it come out, too, because crabapples ain't ever good, and the p'simmons wouldn't be ripe for two or three months yet."

A."I slipped into cornfields and borrowed a watermelon, or a mushmelon, or a punkin, or some new corn, or things of that kind." This choice is incorrect. This sentence develops the plot. B."it warn't no harm to borrow things if you was meaning to pay them back some time" This choice is incorrect. Although Huck is thinking about his father's philosophies of life, he hasn't made a decision yet whether to adopt them. C."so the best way would be for us to pick out two or three things from the list and say we wouldn't borrow them any more" This choice is incorrect. This text is part of a debate between Huck and Jim. D."I was glad the way it come out, too, because crabapples ain't ever good, and the p'simmons wouldn't be ripe for two or three months yet." This is the correct answer. This sentence reveals Huck's practical nature juxtaposed with the moral stance he might be expected to take.

"It is sometimes a disadvantage to be so very guarded. If a woman conceals her affection with the same skill from the object of it, she may lose the opportunity of fixing him; and it will then be but poor consolation to believe the world equally in the dark. There is so much of gratitude or vanity in almost every attachment, that it is not safe to leave any to itself. We can all begin freely—a slight preference is natural enough; but there are very few of us who have heart enough to be really in love without encouragement. In nine cases out of ten a woman had better show more affection than she feels." Select the phrase that most directly supports Austen's criticism of a woman's role in a marriage. A."It is sometimes a disadvantage to be so very guarded." B."There is so much of gratitude or vanity" C."We can all begin freely." D."a woman had better show more affection than she feels."

A."It is sometimes a disadvantage to be so very guarded." This choice is incorrect. This phrase focuses on the effects a certain strategy toward romance can have. B."There is so much of gratitude or vanity" This choice is incorrect. This phrase touches on both the man's and the woman's situation. C."We can all begin freely." This choice is incorrect. This phrase describes one of the positive aspects a woman can experience in a relationship. D."a woman had better show more affection than she feels." This is the correct answer. This phrase describes the unfortunate reality within marriage that Austen believes all married women face as a result of their position in society.

What is the tier difference between the words "obvious" and "lava"? A."Obvious" is a tier three word because it has three syllables, and "lava" is a tier two word because it has two syllables. B."Obvious" is a tier two word because it can be used across several academic areas, and "lava" is a tier three word because it is subject specific. C."Lava" is a tier two word because it is developmentally appropriate to primary grades, and "obvious" is a tier three word because it is developmentally appropriate to intermediate grades. D."Lava" is a tier three word because most people acquire it without explicit instruction, and "obvious" is a tier two word because explicit instruction is required to comprehend its meaning.

A."Obvious" is a tier three word because it has three syllables, and "lava" is a tier two word because it has two syllables. B."Obvious" is a tier two word because it can be used across several academic areas, and "lava" is a tier three word because it is subject specific. C."Lava" is a tier two word because it is developmentally appropriate to primary grades, and "obvious" is a tier three word because it is developmentally appropriate to intermediate grades. D."Lava" is a tier three word because most people acquire it without explicit instruction, and "obvious" is a tier two word because explicit instruction is required to comprehend its meaning.

The International Space Station program, or ISS, run by NASA, is the largest international scientific and technological endeavor ever undertaken. The ISS is a permanent laboratory in a realm where gravity, temperature, and pressure can be manipulated for a variety of scientific and engineering pursuits that are impossible in ground-based laboratories. The ISS is a test bed for the technologies for the future as we learn more about living and working in space. Aboard the international laboratory, crews conduct medical research in space, develop new materials and processes to benefit industries on Earth, and accelerate breakthroughs in technology and engineering that will have immediate, practical applications for life on Earth. The ISS is 356 feet across and 290 feet long and weighs approximately 940,000 pounds. Six people can live on the ISS. The ISS is forging and maintaining new partnerships with the other space-faring nations of the world and satisfying humanity's need to explore. The International Space Station (ISS) program's greatest accomplishment is as much a human achievement as it is a technological one—how best to plan, coordinate, and monitor the varied activities of the program's many organizations. An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the ISS. The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken. The International Space Station Program brings together international flight crews; multiple launch vehicles; globally distributed launch, operations, training, engineering, and development facilities; communications networks; and the international scientific research community. Elements launched from different countries and continents are not mated together until they reach orbit, and some elements that have been launched later in the assembly sequence were not yet built when the first elements were placed in orbit. Which statement from the second passage BEST supports the idea that the International Space Station cannot exist without a willful cooperation of multiple parties? A."The International Space Station (ISS) Program's greatest accomplishment is as much a human achievement as it is a technological one—how best to plan, coordinate, and monitor the varied activities of the Program's many organizations." B."An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the ISS. The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken." C."The International Space Station Program brings together international flight crews; multiple launch vehicles; globally distributed launch, operations, training, engineering, and development facilities; communications networks; and the international scientific research community." D."Elements launched from different countries and continents are not mated together until they reach orbit, and some elements that have been launched later in the assembly sequence were not yet built when the first elements were placed in orbit."

A."The International Space Station (ISS) Program's greatest accomplishment is as much a human achievement as it is a technological one—how best to plan, coordinate, and monitor the varied activities of the Program's many organizations." This choice is incorrect. Although this passage mentions human achievement, it does not support the idea of collaborative participation. B."An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the ISS. The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken." This choice is incorrect. Although this paragraph identifies the agencies involved in the ISS, it does not mention the details of collaboration among these agencies. C."The International Space Station Program brings together international flight crews; multiple launch vehicles; globally distributed launch, operations, training, engineering, and development facilities; communications networks; and the international scientific research community." This is the correct answer. This excerpt explains the collaborative efforts necessary by the participating agencies in order for the ISS to function. D."Elements launched from different countries and continents are not mated together until they reach orbit, and some elements that have been launched later in the assembly sequence were not yet built when the first elements were placed in orbit." This choice is incorrect. Although this paragraph explains the process of the ISS's launch and orbit, it does not discuss the specific collaborative efforts of the agencies involved.

The causes of honeybee colony collapse are complex and not well understood. However, there are several things that even amateur beekeepers can do to help their hives prosper. The first is to supply the bees with a variety of plants on which to forage. Bees only fly a few miles from home for food, so planting, for example, bee balm, sunflowers, and lavender near the hive can provide them with a varied diet. Scientists believe that monoculture may be a weakening factor for bees. Next, beekeepers should not overharvest the bees' honey. Honey is the food bees use for winter, and taking too much will stress the bees. It will also help if the hives are allowed to divide when they are ready. Some honey producers will take potential new queens out of the hive to keep the bees focused on making honey. However, this can weaken the hive over time. The jury is out on treating the bees for mites. Some believe that the bees need to evolve to be able to withstand the mites. Others believe that there are so few bees left that none can be sacrificed. Finally, in northern climates, beekeepers should ensure that their bees are able to maintain enough warmth to survive the winter. Although it is inexpensive to purchase queens and begin new hives each year, helping bees to survive the winter will help them grow stronger as a species. Which sentence proves that the author of the passage supports bee conservation over honey production? A."The causes of honeybee colony collapse are complex and not well understood." B."The first is to supply the bees with a variety of plants on which to forage." C."Honey is the food bees use for winter, and taking too much will stress the bees." D."Others believe that there are so few bees left that none can be sacrificed."

A."The causes of honeybee colony collapse are complex and not well understood." This choice is incorrect. This statement expresses the main idea rather than evidence to support that idea. B."The first is to supply the bees with a variety of plants on which to forage." This choice is incorrect. Both honey producers and bee conservationists would take this step to raise healthy bees. C."Honey is the food bees use for winter, and taking too much will stress the bees." This is the correct answer. The description here shows how the author sides with those who are more concerned with bee conservation. D."Others believe that there are so few bees left that none can be sacrificed." This choice is incorrect. Although this statement shows empathy for the bees' survival, it does not differentiate between bee conservationists and honey producers. LIT- make inferences

which of the following rules applies to proper comma usage? A.A comma must be used when showing omission within a quotation. B.A comma must be used when interrupting a sentence with a fragment. C.A comma must be used after a dependent clause when it starts the sentence. D.A comma must be used to enclose the portion of the sentence that deserves the most attention.

A.A comma must be used when showing omission within a quotation. B.A comma must be used when interrupting a sentence with a fragment. C.A comma must be used after a dependent clause when it starts the sentence. Commas are used to create a pause between the dependent and independent clause of a sentence. D.A comma must be used to enclose the portion of the sentence that deserves the most attention.

Piled deep below the screening apple branch They lie with bitter apples in their hands: And some are only ancient bones that blanch, And some had ships that last year's wind did launch, And some were yesterday the lords of lands. Identify the rhyme scheme used in the above poem excerpt. A.ABAAB B.ABABA C.Alternate D.Enclosed

A.ABAAB This is the correct answer. The As and Bs mean that the writer must rhyme the first, third, and fourth lines and the second and fifth lines. B.ABABA This choice is incorrect. In this rhyme scheme, the writer would rhyme the first, third, and fifth lines and the second and fourth lines. C.Alternate This choice is incorrect. Every other word would rhyme in an alternating rhyme scheme. D.Enclosed This choice is incorrect. This scheme rhymes the first and last lines and then the interior lines in a stanza. LIT- structural elements of poems

Yet we should not allow budget constraints to dictate the quality of the education our students receive. We, teachers, are creative and dedicated, and we must find ways to reach our students no matter what happens with this year's budget. Which type of writing is demonstrated by this passage? A.Argument B.Expository C.Informative D.Narrative

A.Argument This is the correct answer. The writer is trying to persuade readers to work around budgetary issues. B.Expository Expository writing educates readers about a subject. C.Informative D.Narrative

Which of the following is typically a key component of both an argument and a narrative? A.Conclusion B.Introduction C.Main point D.Transition

A.Conclusion All arguments have conclusions, while not all narratives do. B.Introduction This choice is incorrect. All arguments have introductions, while not all narratives do. C.Main point This choice is incorrect. Arguments have main points, but narratives do not. D.Transition This is the correct answer. Both narratives and arguments have transitions.

"I hope our son returns the costly new car soon." In the above sentence, which of the words serves as an adverb A.Costly B.Hope C.Our D.Soon

A.Costly Although "costly" ends in "-ly," which usually signifies an adverb, it modifies the noun (in this case, "new car"), which makes it an adjective. B.Hope "Hope" is a verb in this sentence and changes the mood to the subjunctive. C.Our "Our" is a determiner/adjective, as it determines possession and describes the noun ("son"). D.Soon "Soon" is an adverb of time and modifies the verb ("returns").

How frustrating! You buy a product and it breaks. You try to return it or have the company fix it but don't succeed. You talk with the salesperson, speak with the manager, and write letters to the company, and still you're not satisfied with the company's response. Maybe it's time to try an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) program—an option that businesses, private organizations, and government agencies use. [1] Dispute resolution programs can be quicker, cheaper, and less stressful than going to court. [2] Mediation and Arbitration The two most popular types of dispute resolution are mediation and arbitration. [3] In mediation, a neutral third party—a mediator—helps you and the other party try to resolve the problem through facilitated dialogue. However, it's up to you and the other party to reach an agreement. Arbitration is less formal than court, though you and the other party may appear at hearings, present evidence, or call and question each other's witnesses. Unlike mediation, an arbitrator or panel makes a decision or award once you've presented your case. The decision may be legally binding. [4] Which of the following excerpts from the passage best describes the main idea? A.Dispute resolution programs can be quicker, cheaper, and less stressful than going to court. B.The two most popular types of dispute resolution are mediation and arbitration. C.However, it's up to you and the other party to reach an agreement. D.The decision may be legally binding.

A.Dispute resolution programs can be quicker, cheaper, and less stressful than going to court. B.The two most popular types of dispute resolution are mediation and arbitration. C.However, it's up to you and the other party to reach an agreement. D.The decision may be legally binding.

A specific piece of writing is organized in the following way: an introduction with a thesis, four points, and a call to action. The writing is most likely which type? A.Informative B.Narrative C.Opinion D.Persuasive

A.Informative B.Narrative C.Opinion This choice is incorrect. Although an opinion piece might have an introduction with a thesis and a number of points, it does not have a call to action at the end. D.Persuasive This is the correct answer. In a persuasive piece of writing, the writer tries to convince readers to take a specific action or adopt a specific stance or idea.

"It is sometimes a disadvantage to be so very guarded. If a woman conceals her affection with the same skill from the object of it, she may lose the opportunity of fixing him; and it will then be but poor consolation to believe the world equally in the dark. There is so much of gratitude or vanity in almost every attachment, that it is not safe to leave any to itself. We can all begin freely—a slight preference is natural enough; but there are very few of us who have heart enough to be really in love without encouragement. In nine cases out of ten a woman had better show more affection than she feels." A.It is unfortunate that women must rely on men for security. B.It is best for a woman to reveal her true feelings for her partner. C.It is lucky that women are free to follow their romantic feelings. D.It is love that is the driving force behind who women choose to marry.

A.It is unfortunate that women must rely on men for security. This is the correct answer. Although the speaker—Charlotte Lucas—believes that women "can begin freely," ultimately they must accept what is offered to them in terms of security. B.It is best for a woman to reveal her true feelings for her partner. This choice is incorrect. The speaker—Charlotte Lucas—specifically says that women need to show more affection than they feel. C.It is lucky that women are free to follow their romantic feelings. This choice is incorrect. The speaker—Charlotte Lucas—believes that women must "fix" men even if their feelings don't lead them to want to do so. D.It is love that is the driving force behind who women choose to marry. This choice is incorrect. It can be inferred from the passage that the appearance of feelings is much more important than a woman's true feelings, according to the speaker, who says, "In nine cases out of ten a woman had better show more affection than she feels."

Which statement about the use of meter in poetry is FALSE? A.Its use enhances the cognitive function. B.A stronger meter results in a more effective poem. C.An effective meter can strengthen the emotional response of a reader. D.Its use draws attention to the significant parts of the poem.

A.Its use enhances the cognitive function. This choice is incorrect. It has been proven that meter enhances memory and language acquisition. B.A stronger meter results in a more effective poem. This is the correct answer. Some forms of poetry use little or no meter at all. C.An effective meter can strengthen the emotional response of a reader. This choice is incorrect. Paired with rhyme, meter causes an aesthetic reaction based on symmetry and recursive patterning. D.Its use draws attention to the significant parts of the poem. This choice is incorrect. The patterns and breaks in patterns bring out the writer's meaning. LIT- structural elements of poems

"It was quite dark when Mr. Pickwick roused himself sufficiently to look out of the window. The straggling cottages by the roadside, the dingy hue of every object visible, the murky atmosphere, the paths of cinders and brick-dust, the deep-red glow of furnace fires in the distance, the volumes of dense smoke issuing heavily forth from high toppling chimneys, blackening and obscuring everything around; the glare of distant lights, the ponderous wagons which toiled along the road, laden with clashing rods of iron, or piled with heavy goods—all betokened their rapid approach to the great working town of Birmingham.As they rattled through the narrow thoroughfares leading to the heart of the turmoil, the sights and sounds of earnest occupation struck more forcibly on the senses. The streets were thronged with working people. The hum of labour resounded from every house; lights gleamed from the long casement windows in the attic storeys, and the whirl of wheels and noise of machinery shook the trembling walls. The fires, whose lurid, sullen light had been visible for miles, blazed fiercely up, in the great works and factories of the town. The din of hammers, the rushing of steam, and the heavy clanking of engines was the harsh music which arose from every quarter." Based on the details in the passage, which inference about Mr. Pickwick is the most accurate? A.Mr. Pickwick plans to change things starting today. B.Mr. Pickwick feels suffocated and oppressed every morning. C.Mr. Pickwick feels himself superior to the workers he sees out of his window. D.Mr. Pickwick sees this morning as an obstacle he must overcome to reach his goals.

A.Mr. Pickwick plans to change things starting today. This choice is incorrect. Dickens's description of the scene through Mr. Pickwick's eyes gives the impression of very little energy or hope for change. B.Mr. Pickwick feels suffocated and oppressed every morning. This is the correct answer. Like the other workers already on the street, Mr. Pickwick is enveloped in the oppressive atmosphere described by Dickens. C.Mr. Pickwick feels himself superior to the workers he sees out of his window. This choice is incorrect. Dickens puts Mr. Pickwick in one of the cottages, just like all the others on the street, which gives him no superiority. D.Mr. Pickwick sees this morning as an obstacle he must overcome to reach his goals. This choice is incorrect. The dark and dreary imagery Dickens uses does not give any sense that Mr. Pickwick is about to spring into action.

Scientists have identified sea otters as a keystone species in the Pacific Northwest. A keystone species is crucial to the functioning of a particular habitat. The near-shore environment along the Pacific Coast is characterized by large kelp forests that serve as feeding grounds and sanctuary to a huge number of diverse species, from snails and geese to killer whales. Otters are the primary predator of sea urchins, keeping the population in check. Why is this important? Sea urchins feed on kelp. Left to their own devices, the sea urchins would decimate the kelp forests and destroy the ecosystem. Simply stated, sea otters are vital to the health of this habitat. Select the detail that most directly supports the main idea of this passage. A.Otters are the primary predator of sea urchins, keeping the urchin population in check. B.Scientists have identified sea otters as a keystone species in the Pacific Northwest. C.Left to their own devices, the sea urchins would decimate the kelp forests and destroy the ecosystem. D.The near-shore environment along the Pacific Coast is characterized by large kelp forests that serve as feeding grounds and sanctuary to a huge number of diverse species, from snails and geese to killer whales.

A.Otters are the primary predator of sea urchins, keeping the urchin population in check. This is the correct answer. This detail explains how sea otters function as a keystone species. B.Scientists have identified sea otters as a keystone species in the Pacific Northwest. This choice is incorrect. This is the main idea and not a detail. C.Left to their own devices, the sea urchins would decimate the kelp forests and destroy the ecosystem. This choice is incorrect. This detail describes sea urchins and their role in the environment, not otters, which are the subject of this passage. D.The near-shore environment along the Pacific Coast is characterized by large kelp forests that serve as feeding grounds and sanctuary to a huge number of diverse species, from snails and geese to killer whales. This choice is incorrect. These details describe the environment and do not touch on otters at all. Otters are the main "characters" of this passage.

"It was quite dark when Mr. Pickwick roused himself sufficiently to look out of the window. The straggling cottages by the roadside, the dingy hue of every object visible, the murky atmosphere, the paths of cinders and brick-dust, the deep-red glow of furnace fires in the distance, the volumes of dense smoke issuing heavily forth from high toppling chimneys, blackening and obscuring everything around; the glare of distant lights, the ponderous wagons which toiled along the road, laden with clashing rods of iron, or piled with heavy goods—all betokened their rapid approach to the great working town of Birmingham.As they rattled through the narrow thoroughfares leading to the heart of the turmoil, the sights and sounds of earnest occupation struck more forcibly on the senses. The streets were thronged with working people. The hum of labour resounded from every house; lights gleamed from the long casement windows in the attic storeys, and the whirl of wheels and noise of machinery shook the trembling walls. The fires, whose lurid, sullen light had been visible for miles, blazed fiercely up, in the great works and factories of the town. The din of hammers, the rushing of steam, and the heavy clanking of engines was the harsh music which arose from every quarter." What literary tools does Dickens use to support the main idea in this passage? A.Personification, which shows the impersonal nature of the Victorian society B.Plot and action that reinforce negative aspects of the Victorian society C.Strong and highly descriptive words that paint a dark picture of the Industrial AgeYour D.A metaphor outlining the mechanical nature of the Industrial Age

A.Personification, which shows the impersonal nature of the Victorian society B.Plot and action that reinforce negative aspects of the Victorian society C.Strong and highly descriptive words that paint a dark picture of the Industrial Age This is the correct answer. Dickens's word choices, including adjectives like "dingy" and "straggling," adverbs like "heavily," and verbs like "blackening and obscuring," help to build up a bleak scene D.A metaphor outlining the mechanical nature of the Industrial Age

Which list contains a tier one, tier two, and tier three word? A.Play, playful, playfully B.Book, obfuscate, cubic C.Dog, canine, veterinarian D.Orange, localization, anonymous

A.Play, playful, playfully B.Book, obfuscate, cubic "Book" is a common, everyday word and therefore tier one. "Obfuscate" is an academic word that can be found across multiple subject areas (tier two), and "cubic" is subject specific (tier three). C.Dog, canine, veterinarian D.Orange, localization, anonymous

Scientists have identified sea otters as a keystone species in the Pacific Northwest. A keystone species is crucial to the functioning of a particular habitat. The near-shore environment along the Pacific Coast is characterized by large kelp forests that serve as feeding grounds and sanctuary to a huge number of diverse species, from snails and geese to killer whales. Otters are the primary predator of sea urchins, keeping the population in check. Why is this important? Sea urchins feed on kelp. Left to their own devices, the sea urchins would decimate the kelp forests and destroy the ecosystem. Simply stated, sea otters are vital to the health of this habitat. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of this passage? A.Sea otters need to be protected as a keystone species. B.Sea otters are a keystone species in kelp forest habitats. C.Sea otters are the most effective predators of sea urchins. D.Sea otters are the most important species living in kelp forests.

A.Sea otters need to be protected as a keystone species. This choice is incorrect. Although this can be inferred from the importance of keystone species, the author does not explicitly say that otters need to be protected, and the statement does not specify where sea otters are a keystone species. B.Sea otters are a keystone species in kelp forest habitats. This is the correct answer. This is made clear both in the introduction and conclusion of the text excerpt. C.Sea otters are the most effective predators of sea urchins. This choice is incorrect. It is true that otters are effective predators, but this is only a detail, not the main idea of the passage. D.Sea otters are the most important species living in kelp forests. This choice is incorrect. It is true that otters are important to the health of the habitat, but they are not necessarily the most important species.

Duri is a fourth grade newcomer from Seoul, South Korea. What conclusion can be drawn around her first lessons in reading? A.She will need support in learning graphemes and phonemes. B.Without reading instruction in Korean, she will need to start with concepts of print. C.She should be placed in a group with other ELLs, even if their native language isn't Korean. D.Her comprehension skills will transfer and should therefore be the focus of her reading instruction.

A.She will need support in learning graphemes and phonemes. This is the correct answer. Since Korean uses a different alphabet and has different sounds, she will need support in learning new graphemes and phonemes. B.Without reading instruction in Korean, she will need to start with concepts of print. C.She should be placed in a group with other ELLs, even if their native language isn't Korean. D.Her comprehension skills will transfer and should therefore be the focus of her reading instruction. Since comprehension will transfer, it should not be the focus of the beginning of English reading instruction.

Which of the following is a qualitative factor for measuring text complexity? A.Text structure B.Sentence length C.Levels of meaning D.Knowledge demands

A.Text structure B.Sentence length C.Levels of meaning D.Knowledge demands

"It was quite dark when Mr. Pickwick roused himself sufficiently to look out of the window. The straggling cottages by the roadside, the dingy hue of every object visible, the murky atmosphere, the paths of cinders and brick-dust, the deep-red glow of furnace fires in the distance, the volumes of dense smoke issuing heavily forth from high toppling chimneys, blackening and obscuring everything around; the glare of distant lights, the ponderous wagons which toiled along the road, laden with clashing rods of iron, or piled with heavy goods—all betokened their rapid approach to the great working town of Birmingham.As they rattled through the narrow thoroughfares leading to the heart of the turmoil, the sights and sounds of earnest occupation struck more forcibly on the senses. The streets were thronged with working people. The hum of labour resounded from every house; lights gleamed from the long casement windows in the attic storeys, and the whirl of wheels and noise of machinery shook the trembling walls. The fires, whose lurid, sullen light had been visible for miles, blazed fiercely up, in the great works and factories of the town. The din of hammers, the rushing of steam, and the heavy clanking of engines was the harsh music which arose from every quarter." What conclusions can you make about Dickens's opinion of the Industrial Age based on what Mr. Pickwick sees out of his window? A.The Industrial Age provides a heavy blanket of security that lays over the city. B.The Industrial Age is at odds with what human beings need and darkens the future. C.Despite the discordant notes of mechanization, the Industrial Age is a new dawn on the rise. D.Although it has brought some negative aspects, the Industrial Age also represents the promise of progress.

A.The Industrial Age provides a heavy blanket of security that lays over the city. This choice is incorrect. The scene described by Dickens does not evoke a sense of security; the opposite is the case. B.The Industrial Age is at odds with what human beings need and darkens the future. This is the correct answer. Based on Dickens's language, it is clear the author is skeptical of the Industrial Age and thinks the prospects for people's futures are bleak. C.Despite the discordant notes of mechanization, the Industrial Age is a new dawn on the rise. This choice is incorrect. Although Dickens describes the sounds of factory work, the imagery evoked is not positive; it's negative. D.Although it has brought some negative aspects, the Industrial Age also represents the promise of progress. This choice is incorrect. Dickens focuses mostly on the negative imagery, which offers no promise for a more positive future.

Everyone else in my family loves to go on picnics when the weather is hot and sunny. While they enjoy the rays and talk about vitamin D, I search desperately for some type of shade to keep my sensitive skin cool and free of sunburn. While they long for more daylight hours to play disc golf outside, I wish nightfall would hurry up and arrive so I can be back in my air-conditioned comfort zone. And while they talk about their dream vacations on sunny tropical islands, I daydream about spending days in the British Library in London. Which of the following statements BEST describes the author's point of view? A.The author dislikes being outdoors even though the author's family loves it. B.The author's family is inconsiderate of the author's likes and dislikes. C.The author's family has passions that diametrically oppose the author's. D.The author believes her family is weird because they like being outdoors.

A.The author dislikes being outdoors even though the author's family loves it. This choice is incorrect. Although the author does appear to dislike being outdoors, this is not the best explanation of the author's point of view. B.The author's family is inconsiderate of the author's likes and dislikes. C.The author's family has passions that diametrically oppose the author's. This is the correct answer. The author's interests appear to be the complete opposite of her family's interests. D.The author believes her family is weird because they like being outdoors.

How frustrating! You buy a product and it breaks. You try to return it or have the company fix it but don't succeed. You talk with the salesperson, speak with the manager, and write letters to the company, and still you're not satisfied with the company's response. Maybe it's time to try an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) program—an option that businesses, private organizations, and government agencies use. [1] Dispute resolution programs can be quicker, cheaper, and less stressful than going to court. [2] Mediation and Arbitration The two most popular types of dispute resolution are mediation and arbitration. [3] In mediation, a neutral third party—a mediator—helps you and the other party try to resolve the problem through facilitated dialogue. However, it's up to you and the other party to reach an agreement. Arbitration is less formal than court, though you and the other party may appear at hearings, present evidence, or call and question each other's witnesses. Unlike mediation, an arbitrator or panel makes a decision or award once you've presented your case. The decision may be legally binding. [4] Which of the following BEST describes the connection between the first paragraph and the rest of the passage? A.The first paragraph establishes the passage's thesis and argument, which follow in the rest of the passage. B.The first paragraph questions conventional methods of dispute resolution, while the rest of the passage explains alternatives. C.The first paragraph introduces alternative dispute resolution programs, which are then explained in detail in the rest of the passage. D.The first paragraph catches readers' attention, while the rest of the passage makes readers feel understood by the writer or writers.

A.The first paragraph establishes the passage's thesis and argument, which follow in the rest of the passage. B.The first paragraph questions conventional methods of dispute resolution, while the rest of the passage explains alternatives. This is the correct answer. Once conventional methods of dispute resolution have been questioned, the alternatives are introduced. C.The first paragraph introduces alternative dispute resolution programs, which are then explained in detail in the rest of the passage. This choice is incorrect. Alternative dispute resolution programs are not introduced until the second paragraph. D.The first paragraph catches readers' attention, while the rest of the passage makes readers feel understood by the writer or writers.

The International Space Station program, or ISS, run by NASA, is the largest international scientific and technological endeavor ever undertaken. The ISS is a permanent laboratory in a realm where gravity, temperature, and pressure can be manipulated for a variety of scientific and engineering pursuits that are impossible in ground-based laboratories. The ISS is a test bed for the technologies for the future as we learn more about living and working in space. Aboard the international laboratory, crews conduct medical research in space, develop new materials and processes to benefit industries on Earth, and accelerate breakthroughs in technology and engineering that will have immediate, practical applications for life on Earth. The ISS is 356 feet across and 290 feet long and weighs approximately 940,000 pounds. Six people can live on the ISS. The ISS is forging and maintaining new partnerships with the other space-faring nations of the world and satisfying humanity's need to explore. The International Space Station (ISS) program's greatest accomplishment is as much a human achievement as it is a technological one—how best to plan, coordinate, and monitor the varied activities of the program's many organizations. An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the ISS. The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken. The International Space Station Program brings together international flight crews; multiple launch vehicles; globally distributed launch, operations, training, engineering, and development facilities; communications networks; and the international scientific research community. Elements launched from different countries and continents are not mated together until they reach orbit, and some elements that have been launched later in the assembly sequence were not yet built when the first elements were placed in orbit. Which of the following statements best describes the difference in focus between the two passages? A.The first passage focuses on how the ISS meets a need for knowledge, while the second passage focuses on how the ISS obtains that knowledge. B.The first passage focuses on the technical specifications of the ISS, while the second passage focuses on the skills and jobs of the crew of the ISS. C.The first passage focuses on the ways in which humanity benefits from the ISS, while the second passage focuses specifically on how nations benefit from the ISS. D.The first passage focuses on what can be done with the ISS, while the second passage focuses on the international cooperation needed for the ISS project to succeed.

A.The first passage focuses on how the ISS meets a need for knowledge, while the second passage focuses on how the ISS obtains that knowledge. This choice is incorrect. Although the first passage does mention humanity's desire for knowledge, it is not the focus. B.The first passage focuses on the technical specifications of the ISS, while the second passage focuses on the skills and jobs of the crew of the ISS. This choice is incorrect. Although the first passage does give some of the ISS's technical specifications, it is not the focus. C.The first passage focuses on the ways in which humanity benefits from the ISS, while the second passage focuses specifically on how nations benefit from the ISS. This choice is incorrect. Although the first passage does discuss how humanity can benefit from the ISS, the second passage does not focus on how nations benefit from the ISS. D.The first passage focuses on what can be done with the ISS, while the second passage focuses on the international cooperation needed for the ISS project to succeed. This is the correct answer. The first passage discusses the variety of ways in which the ISS can be used, while the second passage emphasizes the station's international nature.

"But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she's going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can't stand it. I been there before."(Excerpt from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain) How does Huckleberry Finn's dialect underscore the meaning of the quote? A.The overall grammar paints Huck as a wild boy who is incapable of living in proper society. B.The overall grammar and word choice of the quote paint Huck as a lower-class boy who could never live among the high society of cities. C.The use of words like "sivilize" and "reckon" paints Huck as an uneducated boy who would not be aware of the benefits of his adoption. D.The imperfect grammar and use of words like "sivilize" and "reckon" paint Huck as an uneducated, unrefined boy who feels more comfortable outside of the typical domestic and urban environment.

A.The overall grammar paints Huck as a wild boy who is incapable of living in proper society. B.The overall grammar and word choice of the quote paint Huck as a lower-class boy who could never live among the high society of cities. C.The use of words like "sivilize" and "reckon" paints Huck as an uneducated boy who would not be aware of the benefits of his adoption. D.The imperfect grammar and use of words like "sivilize" and "reckon" paint Huck as an uneducated, unrefined boy who feels more comfortable outside of the typical domestic and urban environment.

The orange cat lay down on the house's front step. He looked out to the street. The morning was quiet. The summer heat was heavy. The children didn't want to come outside to play. The cat licked his front right paw. He was the king of the street—for now. Assuming that the passage was written by a student, which of the following statements gives the most accurate evaluation of the student's writing? A.The student's writing is dull due to limitations in word choice. B.The student tries to portray the cat as a sympathetic character. C.The student creates suspense by implying that some conflict may occur. D.The student's description of the weather is an effective use of foreshadowing.

A.The student's writing is dull due to limitations in word choice. Although the student does begin several sentences with the word "the," that has less effect on the paragraph's style than the several sentences that are virtually the same length. B.The student tries to portray the cat as a sympathetic character. This choice is incorrect. The cat appears to be the protagonist of this piece of writing, but the student does not share anything about his personality to make him seem sympathetic. C.The student creates suspense by implying that some conflict may occur. This is the correct answer. The final sentence creates suspense by implying that the current state of affairs will not last. D.The student's description of the weather is an effective use of foreshadowing. This choice is incorrect. Hot, still weather can set the mood for a piece of writing, but there is nothing in this paragraph that connects the weather to foreshadowing.

"ACT ONE SCENE: The octagon room at Sir Robert Chiltern's house in Grosvenor Square, London. The action of the play is completed within twenty-four hours.TIME: The presentThe room is brilliantly lighted and full of guests. At the top of the staircase stands LADY CHILTERN, a woman of grave Greek beauty, about twenty-seven years of age. She receives the guests as they come up. Over the well of the staircase hangs a great chandelier with wax lights, which illuminates a large eighteenth-century French tapestry—representing the Triumph of Love, from a design by Boucher—that is stretched on the staircase wall. On the right is the entrance to the music-room. The sound of a string quartet is faintly heard. The entrance on the left leads to other reception-rooms. Mrs. MARCHMONT and LADY BASILTON, two very pretty women, are seated together on a Louis Seize sofa. They are types of exquisite fragility. Their affectation of manner has a delicate charm. Watteau would have loved to paint them."(Excerpt from the stage directions for An Ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde) How do the stage directions contribute to the audience's understanding of the play? A.They set the tone for a serious drama that is about to unfold. B.They indicate where the actors are supposed to start the scene. C.They introduce the main themes that will be explored in the play. D.They introduce the characters and the society in which they move.

A.They set the tone for a serious drama that is about to unfold. This choice is incorrect. The directions do help set the tone, but it is not a serious one. B.They indicate where the actors are supposed to start the scene. This choice is incorrect. This is one purpose of stage directions; however, these specific stage directions don't provide this information. C.They introduce the main themes that will be explored in the play. This choice is incorrect. Although the directions introduce quite a bit of information, they are not extensive enough to introduce themes. D.They introduce the characters and the society in which they move. This is the correct answer. The directions literally set the scene for the reader to encounter the writer's developing ideas. LIT- casts of characters and stage directions in drama

Which of the following is always true? A.To make a verb past tense, add the ending -ed. B.To make a verb third person singular, add the ending -s. C.Consonants are doubled when adding a suffix to a single-syllable base word. D.The digraph -tch is used only after a single vowel that does not say its name.

A.To make a verb past tense, add the ending -ed. (think about irregular verbs) B.To make a verb third person singular, add the ending -s. (Occasionally nouns end in -es, do not change, or have an irregular pattern) C.Consonants are doubled when adding a suffix to a single-syllable base word. (Consonants are only doubled when the last three letters of the base word are consonant-vowel-consonant (e.g., sit = sitting, have = having).) D.The digraph -tch is used only after a single vowel that does not say its name. All words that end in -tch are preceded by a short vowel sound (e.g., witch, hatch). WSL

How frustrating! You buy a product and it breaks. You try to return it or have the company fix it but don't succeed. You talk with the salesperson, speak with the manager, and write letters to the company, and still you're not satisfied with the company's response. Maybe it's time to try an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) program—an option that businesses, private organizations, and government agencies use. [1] Dispute resolution programs can be quicker, cheaper, and less stressful than going to court. [2] Mediation and Arbitration The two most popular types of dispute resolution are mediation and arbitration. [3] In mediation, a neutral third party—a mediator—helps you and the other party try to resolve the problem through facilitated dialogue. However, it's up to you and the other party to reach an agreement. Arbitration is less formal than court, though you and the other party may appear at hearings, present evidence, or call and question each other's witnesses. Unlike mediation, an arbitrator or panel makes a decision or award once you've presented your case. The decision may be legally binding. [4] The main difference between the two types of dispute resolution is in who makes the final decision on the matter."To strengthen the passage, where should the above sentence be inserted? A.[1] B.[2] C.[3] D.[4]

A.[1] B.[2] C.[3] This is the correct answer. The two types of dispute resolution have just been introduced, so what follows the revision will be detailed descriptions of the two options. D.[4] This choice is incorrect. While making the revision here might have been a good choice if more discussion of the legal ramifications followed, as it is, inserting this sentence at the end does not improve the passage.

Argument versus Expository Essay

Argument: The writer is trying to persuade readers to work around budgetary issues. Expository: writer educates readers about a subject.

Alternate Rhyme Scheme

Every other word would rhyme in an alternating rhyme scheme. (ex: ABAB CDCD EFEF)

How many iambs? 'I wandered, lonely as a cloud'

I WANdered, LONely AS a CLOUD soft-loud-soft-loud 4 iambs

ABABA Rhyme Scheme

In this rhyme scheme, the writer would rhyme the first, third, and fifth lines and the second and fourth lines.

Alliteration

Initial sounds of a word are repeated in close succession.

Leave me, O love which reaches but to dust; And thou, my mind, aspire to higher things; Grow rich in that which never taketh rust, Whatever fades but fading pleasure brings. In line 1 "dust" serves as a metaphor for (A) ignorance (B) death (C) loneliness (D) confusion The lines above comment on the speaker's desire to (A) seek out immediate pleasures (B) enrich himself (C) reject that which is transitory (D) revive the past

Part 2: In line 1 "dust" serves as a metaphor for (A) ignorance (B) death - the word dust in literature often refers to death (C) loneliness - the speaker is not concerned about loneliness but rather he is more concerned about finding pleasure in what remains constant (D) confusion Part One: (A) seek out immediate pleasures (B) enrich himself (C) reject that which is transitory The word "transitory" refers to change, and the speaker mentions a desire to reject things that turn to dust, acquire dust, and start to fade. (D) revive the past (A) and (B) are incorrect because although the speaker may seek pleasure and although that pleasure may enrich him/ her, he/she is more interested in things that "never taketh rust," or change.

What figurative language is used? 'She sweeps with many-colored Brooms -- And leaves the Shreds behind -- Oh Housewife in the Evening West -- Come back, and dust the Pond!'

Personification 'She sweeps with many-colored Brooms -- And leaves the Shreds behind -- Oh Housewife in the Evening West -- Come back, and dust the Pond!'

Quantitative Factors of Text Complexity

Text structure, sentence length, word count, levels of meaning,...

ABAAB Rhyme Scheme

The As and Bs mean that the writer must rhyme the first, third, and fourth lines and the second and fifth lines.

I went to my cousin's birthday party this weekend. It was so much fun! She turned fifteen. She wore the most beautiful dress in the world! She looked like a princess. I danced to some of my favorite songs. I also ate a piece of cake as big as my head! Before I knew it, vroom! The party was over. I had so much fun at her party. Spot the metaphor

The phrase "as big as my head!" is a metaphor because it's a comparison without the word "like."

What factors are taken in when measuring text complexity?

The tasks assigned and skills for the tasks Knowledge demands and structure of the text Sentence length and frequency of unfamiliar words NOT Previous experience with/exposure to text

I went to my cousin's birthday party this weekend. It was so much fun! She turned fifteen. She wore the most beautiful dress in the world! She looked like a princess. I danced to some of my favorite songs. I also ate a piece of cake as big as my head! Before I knew it, vroom! The party was over. I had so much fun at her party. Spot the Onomatopoeia

The word "vroom" is an example of onomatopoeia because it imitates the sound it refers t

Enclosed Rhyme Scheme

This scheme rhymes the first and last lines and then the interior lines in a stanza. (ex: ABA or ABBA)

Assonance

Vowel sound in a word matches that of a nearby word, but surrounding consonants are different. Examples: 'tune' and 'food'

Haiku

a Japanese poem that consists of three lines. The first line has five syllables, The second line has seven syllables The third line has five syllables a total of seventeen syllables.

Limerick

a humorous poem of five lines. Lines 1, 2 and 5 rhyme and lines 3 and 4 rhyme. The syllables are 9,9,5,5,9.

Onomatopoeia

a sound represented by a word (buzz = beeflying)

Metaphor

analogy compares two like objects with each other

What type of essay would this sentence be the center of: The understanding of the benefits of solar power led the company to install a new system

cause-and-effect essay

What type of essay would this sentence be the center of: At first, solar power would be more expensive than the existing sources of power

compare-contrast essay

Simile

comparing two unlike objects using like or as

Tier 2 Vocabulary

high-frequency words that are used in various domains - they are important for reading comprehension, contain multiple meanings, used generally, mature language, descriptive

Tier 3 Vocabulary

low frequency, content specific vocabulary ex: economics, isotope, asphalt, Revolutionary War, crepe

What use of figurative language is this: 'All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players...'

metaphor our lives are "scripted" out by higher powers

Meter

number of syllables in a line and how those syllables are accented helps create rhythm of the poem made up of feet

Personification

object/animal given human qualities

Line length

poetic foot that shows the placement of accented and unaccented syllables

What type of essay would this sentence be the center of: According to the experts, solar power provided long-term benefits.

problem-solution essay

I went to my cousin's birthday party this weekend. It was so much fun! She turned fifteen. She wore the most beautiful dress in the world! She looked like a princess. I danced to some of my favorite songs. I also ate a piece of cake as big as my head! Before I knew it, vroom! The party was over. I had so much fun at her party. Spot the Personification

trick one: there is no personification

What are the poetic elements?

verse, rhyme and sound patterns, imagrey and figures of speech, different types of poetry

Figurative Language

words are not used literally- used in a way that means something that isn't literal idioms, hyperbole, simile, metaphor, personification, etc.