PRAXIS 5005: Science

Primary Producers

(Autotrophs) Organisms that make their own food sunlight EX: PLANTS

Three types of plate boundaires

1. Transform boundaries: they slide past each other causing friction/ earthquakes 2. Divergent boundaries: two plates that pull away from each other/ creates new crust 3. Convergent boundaries: plates push into each other/ one goes under called subduction

If earth began 12 midnight & it is currently 11:59, when did humans arrive?

11:59

3 types of levers

1st: work is in the middle: ex seesaw 2nd: work is at one end: pry bar, wheelbarrow 3rd: work is at one end and the motion is reversed ex: fishing pole, hammer, tweezers

The atmosphere is composed of

78% nitrogen 21 % oxygen

Qualities of outer plannets

Also known as Jovian Planets or Gas Giants. Mainly composed of hydrogen and helium

Qualities of inner plannets

Also known as Terrestrial Planets. Smaller and rockier. Made up of mostly heavy metals such as iron and nickel.

Adaptation

An inherited behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

Invertebrates

Arthropods, Mollusks, Annelids, coelenterates, starfish & worms

Animals with hollow bones

Birds

Animals with no teeth

Birds, lizards, & frogs

To separate salt from sand

Boil mixture with water

The ozone is deteriorating because of

Bromine and chlorine in addition to chlorofluorocarbons.

Secondary Consumers

Carnivores & Omnivores

Sedimentary Rock

Changed by pressure does not involve heat Usually near water/ involves water sometimes contain fossils forms from previously weathered and erroted material which may have been igneous, sedimentary, rock metamorphic rock. ex: dolemite, limestone, sandstone

Main causes for extinction

Climate change & Habitat destruction

Conductors vs Insulators

Conductors allow the movement of electrical charge while insulator materials prevent the movement of electrical charge

Dmitri Mendeleev

Created the periodic table

Classification of life

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species-(Dumb King Phillip Came Over From German Soil)

Annelids

Earthworms & Leeches

Tertiary Consumers

Eat carnivores & omnivores

What type of cells are animal and plant cells

Eukaryotic

The kidneys

Filter blood

Primary succession

Formation of a new community where no community has existed. EX: Newly formed volcanic islands

Boyle's law

Gases contract when pressure is applied to them If temp remains the same so will pressure and and volume ratio

Metamorphic Rock

Has been changed by great heat and pressure altered, partially remelted ex: slate, marble

Primary Consumers

Herbivores

Arthropods

Insects, spiders & crustacean

What is the largest planet

Jupiter- made up of hydrogen gas Half formed sun

Plate tectonic theory

Lithosphere is made up of major and minor plates Sit on viscous (thick fluid) part and move with it

How to measure acidity

Litmus Paper, Probe and Meter

Bile

Made in the liver and breaks down fats

Smallest plannet

Mercury

Succession

Natural replacement of one community of living things by another. EX: An untended field of soil will first be inhabited by small plants and insects; when these plants and insects die, their nutrients will be added to the soil, creating rich enough soil to support the life of larger and different plants.

Metal attracted to magnets

Nickel, iron, cobalt

Eukaryotic cells have a

Nucleus

Secondary succession

Occurs when a community has been destroyed by natural occurrences or human activities. A new community then replaces it.

Mutations

Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides. The source of all genetic diversity. (Changes in DNA)

Mendels laws are the laws of

Segregation (each parent contributes half) and the law of independent assortment (traits are passed randomly)

Mollusks

Snails, slugs, mussels & octopuses

Stratosphere

Sphere where ozone is located within

Troposphere

Sphere where weather occurs

Glands involved in homestasis

Sweat glands, lungs, kidneys

Sublimation

The chane from a solid to a gas

Condensation

The change from a gas to a liquid

Lithosphere is made up of

The crust and the upper mantle

Natural selection

The theory developed by Darwin that traits help give a species a survival advantage are passed on to generations

Radiation

Transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

List earths atmosphere layers in order from lowest to highest.

Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere

Moon phase: waxing

Two weeks where the moon goes from a new moon to a full moon

After a full moon the moon is

Waning

Recovery & renewal

When an ecosystem recovers from catastrophic events such as fires, floods, avalanches, landslides, or earthquakes. Succession will take place so long as the essential abiotic element remain to support living things.

Blood is an example of

a buffer

Friction

a force that arises as a resistance to motion where two surfaces are in contact.

Gravational force

a universal force that causes every object to exert a force on every other object

Bouyancy

density determines if something will sink or float less dense than water = float

Ideal gas law

explains the properties of a gas under ideal pressure, volume, and temperature conditions.

Heterotrophs

feed off of a host can only consume food/ cannot produce their own

Conduction

form of heat transfer that occurs at the molecular level ex: pan on burner, handle isn't hot at first but then heat transfers

Igneous Rock

formed when hot magma cools beneath the ground or lava cools above the ground forms crystal like/ glassy rocks ex: granite, pumus, basalt

Convection

heat transfer that occurs through the movement or circulation of fluids heat moves to cooler denser areas ex: boiling water, ocean currents

Controlling the internal environment

homeostasis

Pituitary Gland

major endocrine gland responsible for growth

Fossils are formed when

organisms are buried by sediment. As more sediment is deposited, the sediment surrounding the organism is compacted, forming sedimentary rock that contains fossils.

Examples of communicable diseases

pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), malaria, measles, STD's

Traits pass through

proteins?

Potential energy

the amount of energy an object has stored within itself because of its position or orientation

Heat capacity

the amount of heat energy needed to raise the the temp of an object measured in joules

the number of protons in the nucleus determines

the atomic number of the element

Temperature

the average kinetic energy of an objects particle when heat increases so does kinetic energy

Kinetic energy

the energy of an object in motion when an object is dropped it converts from potential energy to kinetic energy you can use potential and kinetic energy to calculate velocity of an object during a fall

atoms with neutral charge have an atomic number that is equal to

the number of electrons

Atomic mass (A)

total number of protons(Z) and neutrons(N) in the nucleus A= Z+N