Praxis 5025 Part 1 and 2

Four students are given a set of twenty-five blocks and asked to represent the blocks using a base-ten method. Which of the following representations best shows a fully developed understanding of base-ten representations? A. one 10-block rod and 15 units B. two 10-block rods and 5 units C. 25 units D. five 5-block rods

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. A fact family is a group of related addition and subtraction equations made up of the same numbers. Only option (A) provides two equations that use the same numbers and are inverses of one another.

Which of the following is the best example of a group working together to address the group members' needs? A. A family starts a vegetable garden as a way to earn income and eat healthy food. B. Every Friday, first-grade students exchange books with each other to read over the weekend. C. A teacher provides students with additional recess time as a reward. D. Business leaders sell stocks to fund the construction of a new manufacturing plant.

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. A need is something that an individual or group must have to survive. Examples of needs are food, water, air, and clothing. By planting a vegetable garden, the family meets part of their basic need for food.

I enjoyed the trip to the museum. We rode there in the school bus. We also saw many displays and ate lunch. Which of the following instructional strategies will be most useful in helping the student improve the writing piece shown? A. Asking the student questions about the trip B. Providing the student with an informational text to find more ideas C. Asking the student to write a list of descriptive words D. Showing the student how to construct simple sentences

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. The sample shown does not include details about the trip, what the student saw, or when and where it took place. Asking questions about the trip will help the student add more details to the narrative.

A kindergarten teacher begins a lesson on the properties of triangles by displaying several different shapes to students. Then, the students sort the shapes into triangles and nontriangles. After sorting the shapes, the class then discusses the characteristics of a triangle. Which of the following students most completely and correctly identifies the characteristics of a triangle? A. Jacob, who said, "All triangles have three sides and three angles." B. Kayla, who said, "All straight-edge shapes with three sides are triangles." C. Mark, who said, "All triangles have two short sides and a long side." D. Sally, who said, "All closed shapes with angles are triangles."

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. All triangles have three sides and three angles.

A second-grade teacher is researching information on folklore. Which of the following can be a problem when studying folklore? A. Lack of primary source documentation B. Difficulty locating links between oral and written literatures C. Identifying universal themes D. Recognizing prototypical characters

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. There can be special problems with research and documentation in the field of folklore, since much of folklore has been passed down orally and does not exist in the form of primary documents such as first-hand observations.

Which of the following best explains why it is necessary to teach unfamiliar, academic vocabulary to students who are English-language learners before they are asked to read a passage in a nonfiction text? A. Such vocabulary is likely to be concrete and easy to illustrate. B. Such vocabulary is appealing to visual and kinesthetic learners. C. Such vocabulary is likely to be similar to words in the students' first languages. D. Such vocabulary is not often used during informal conversations.

Correct Answer: A, C, D Options (A), (C), and (D) are correct. Pressuring a child who is a slow and nonfluent reader to read at a predetermined rate puts undue stress on the child. It makes him or her feel inadequate and is somewhat akin to failure.

Basic science process skills form the touchstone for scientific thinking. It is crucial that measuring, observing, inferring, communicating, and (i) be practiced regularly in the science classroom at the most basic level. It is the (ii) of these skills that allows for a well-rounded understanding of scientific concepts. Blank (i) A. Classifying B. Reasoning C. Critiquing Blank (ii) D. Study E. Integration F. Contemplation

Correct Answer: A, E Options (A) and (E) are correct. Science skills include observing, classifying, inferring, predicting, communicating, and experimenting. Integrating the skills provides students with richer experience and deeper understanding of the nature of science.

Which of the following fractions is equivalent to 23? A. 416 B. 812 C. 48 D. 1216

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. 8/12 is equivalent to 2/3 because multiplying both the denominator and numerator of 2/3 by 4 gives 8/12.

After reading two texts about the first Thanksgiving, a third-grade teacher asks students to compare the events in both texts. Which of the following graphic organizers is best for the students to use? A. Flowchart B. Venn diagram C. Story map D. Cluster diagram

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. A Venn diagram shows the relationship between groups that share something in common.

A second-grade teacher is recording information about the students' favorite colors in a table on a whiteboard. The teacher asks each student for his or her favorite color and then writes the student's name next to the name of the selected color. Which of the following is most appropriate to use to display the information? A. Stem plot B. Bar graph C. Line graph D. Box plot

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. A bar graph is a visual display that is used to compare the amounts or frequency of occurrence of different items or ideas.

Which of the following demonstrations best illustrates a chemical change? A. Boiling water B. Burning a candle C. Melting an ice cube D. Connecting two magnets

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. A chemical change occurs when a substance is changed into one or more different substances. When a candle burns, new substances will form and the resulting change cannot be undone.

Which of the following organisms has a body consisting of a head, a thorax, and an abdomen? A. Starfish B. Fly C. Centipede D. Shark

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. A fly is an insect, and an insect has three body parts—the head, the thorax, and the abdomen.

A teacher provides students with a list of words that include "precede," "project," "illegal," and "disappear." The students are most likely learning about which of the following concepts? A. Onsets B. Prefixes C. Consonant blends D. Diphthongs

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. A prefix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the beginning of a word that partly indicates its meaning. In the examples shown, Pre-, pro-, il-, and dis- are prefixes.

During a unit titled "All About Me," a first grade teacher would like the students to create a time line of their life to share with the class. Which of the following is most important for the students to include in the project? A. Descriptions or pictures of special events related to their family's culture B. Photographs of important events with their dates in sequential order C. Pictures of family members and friends arranged in order of importance to them D. Magazine clippings of the favorite foods their family enjoys

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. A time line is an arrangement of events in the order of their occurrence.

A teacher is informally assessing second-grade students' listening comprehension skills after reading aloud Aesop's fable "The Lion and the Mouse." Which of the following prompts requires the children to draw an inference from the fable? A. Who are the characters in the fable? B. What lesson does the fable teach? C. How does the mouse help the lion? D. Can mice and lions really talk?

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. An inference is a conclusion that is not directly stated in the story. Only choice (B) asks the children to tell what the story teaches in their own words. Answers to each of the other questions can be found in the story or are common knowledge.

(1+5×2)−2×2 A student used the order of operations to solve the expression shown. Which of the following identifies the last step needed to simplify the expression when applying the order of operations? A. Subtracting 2 from 22 B. Subtracting 4 from 11 C. Multiplying 2 by 2 D. Multiplying 9 by 2

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Based on the order of operations, 5 x 2 would be multiplied first, then added to 1, which equals 11. 2 x 2 would be solved next, which equals 4. Finally, 4 would be subtracted from 11, which gives 7.

Which of the following students composes both sentences as simple sentences? Mario: At school. Everyone does work. Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house. Anna: She's smiling because the dog came back. After he came back, he wanted food. Jacquelyn: Drive fast! We'll be late if we don't hurry.

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. As soon as children can hold a crayon or marker, they should be provided with opportunities to make scribbles, marks, letters, and pictures. According to Lev Vygotsky, when children draw and make marks, they are developing an awareness of written language and can then interact with other more competent writers in their environment. When children pretend to write, they are learning to use symbols to communicate their ideas, and this is the essence of being a writer and a reader.

Ms. Craig asks her students to write the word "sailboat". Levi spells the word "PKLLEEP". At which of the following levels is Levi spelling? A. Prephonemic B. Phonemic C. Transitional D. Conventional

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. At the prephonemic stage, students know some letters and may begin experimenting with letters, but sound-symbol correspondence is absent.

Which of the following manipulatives are most appropriate for a teacher to use with second-grade students exploring place value? A. Base ten blocks B. Pennies C. Geoboards D. Six-sided number cube

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Base ten blocks will help students learn about place value. Pennies, geoboards, and six-sided number cubes will help students with probability, shapes and counting.

A person comparing the volume of 1 kilogram of feathers with the volume of 1 kilogram of gold would observe that the A. 1 kilogram of gold has a smaller volume B. 1 kilogram of feathers has a smaller volume C. feather and the gold have equal volumes D. volume of the gold varies with pressure

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Density is a property of matter and it is a measure of mass per unit volume. The density of gold is much greater than the density of feathers, so the volume of the feathers would be much greater than the volume of the gold.

For a population of organisms that is neither growing nor declining in size, which of the following are most likely to be equal? A. The birth rate and death rate B. The number of herbivores and number of carnivores C. The number of organisms in the youngest age class and number in the oldest age class D. The number of plant species and number of animal species

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. If a population is stable, then the population is neither growing nor shrinking. This means the birth rate, or the number of individuals being born, equals the death rate, or the number of individuals dying.

A teacher gives each student in a class a list containing the words "whale," "three," "ship," and "chew." Then the teacher says, "Circle the two letters in each word that go together to make the new sounds we have been learning about." The exercise can most appropriately be used to assess the students' ability to recognize which of the following? Consonant blends Double vowel sounds Short vowel sounds Consonant digraphs

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Morphology is the study of morphemes, which are words, word stems, and affixes, basically the units of language one up from phonemes.

Which of the following is a primary function of flowers? A. Pollination B. Photosynthesis C. Phototropism D. Pasteurization

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Most flowers are structured to make pollination as efficient as possible. To facilitate fertilization, many produce nectar, are brightly colored, or have odors to attract organisms.

Which of the following can be used to help kindergarten students understand what is meant by a repeating core pattern consisting of a triangle, a circle, and a square? A. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle, square B. triangle, circle, square, triangle C. triangle, circle, square, triangle, circle D. triangle, circle, triangle, circle, triangle, circle

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Only option (A) provides an example of an entire core pattern that is repeated using all three shapes.

Which of the following is most effective in helping young children develop phonological awareness? A. Singing songs with simple rhymes B. Singing the alphabet song C. Using large markers to print letters D. Looking for environmental print

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Phonemes are the sounds of a language that children must learn in order to speak and later to read. Such sounds are learned by hearing them over and over and repeating them. When children sing songs with simple rhymes, they are making the sounds of the language that a parent or a teacher is encouraging them to reproduce.

The "ake" in the words "bake" and "snake" is an example of which of the following? A. A phoneme-grapheme relationship B. A long-vowel /a/ digraph C. A morpheme D. A rime

Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Story mapping is the process of using a tool that helps students identify all the elements of a story: characters, setting, problem, solution. It may be as simple as a graphic organizer on paper or an interactive computer tool. Its use ensures that all the elements of a story are considered.

A first-grade student, Kyle, has drawn an elaborate picture of a garden in his journal and has written: "I LK RD FLRS." Kyle's sentence suggests that an appropriate next step in his development as a writer would be learning to: A. print lowercase letters B. use medial vowel sounds C. blend consonant sounds D. recognize common sight words

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Kyle's written work indicates that he does not use vowels between consonants. He seems to know the alphabet, and he now needs to include more of the sounds that are actually in the words he writes. He can be taught to do this by saying words slowly or stretching words and hearing the vowels, such as the /i/ in like or the /e/ in red.

Which of the following measurements is sufficient to be able to calculate a cube's volume in the Customary System of measurement? A. The density of the cube B. The length of the cube's edge C. The mass of the cube D. The weight of the cube

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Length is the most basic measurement, it is used to find perimeter, area, and volume. The volume of a cube is found using three dimensions: length, width, and height.

Which of the following terms best describes the ability to read with expression and appropriate phrasing? A. Accuracy B. Prosody C. Rate D. Schema

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Prosody refers to the appropriate use of phrasing and expression to convey meaning when reading.

Which of the following strategies is most beneficial for students to use during the publishing stage of the writing process? A. Reviewing and reorganizing the draft B.Typing the final copy on a computer C. Correcting errors in spelling and grammar D. Holding peer conferences

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Publishing is the last stage of the writing process, when students share their work with others.

Each student in a math class is given a shoe box containing 20 pennies. The teacher has the student shake the box and then write a number sentence relating the number of heads showing, the number of tails showing, and the total number of coins. Which of the following concepts is most closely aligned to the purpose of the activity? A. Exploring the intuitive meaning of chance B. Recognizing that addition and subtraction are inverse operations C. Recognizing a part-part-whole structure for addition D. Identifying a one-to-one correspondence

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. By repeatedly performing this activity, students will see that the whole of 20 is composed of the two parts consisting of the coins showing heads and the coins showing tails. The sum of the number of heads and the number of tails equals the total count for all the coins. This experiment can help students learn the addition number facts related to 20.

"Write about a time when you lost something important you." A third-grade teacher asks students to respond to the prompt shown. The prompt asks students to produce which of the following types of writing? A. Expository B. Informative C. Narrative D. Persuasive

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. A narrative essay is a story written about a personal experience. The students will respond to the prompt by writing a story to describe their experience.

There are 21 red and green crayons in a box. 13 of the crayons are red. How many are green? Student 1: 21−g=13 Student 2: 13+□=21 Student 3: G+13=21 Student 4: 21−13=Δ A teacher asks four students to write a number sentence that represents the word problem shown. Which of the following is represented by a letter or a symbol in each student's number sentence? A. A numerator B. A factor C. An unknown D. A sum

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Each student uses a symbol to represent the unknown number in the word problem.

Which of the following educational goals best states why first graders should receive instruction designed to develop their media literacy? A. Students will understand the United States monetary system and how to spend money wisely. B. Students will learn that all sources of information can be trusted as nonbiased and accurate. C. Students will develop the essential skills of inquiry to become informed, responsible citizens. D. Students will learn to compare products and make good choices when shopping.

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. According to the Center for Media Literacy, media literacy benefits students by providing them with tools and methods that build the citizenship skills they need to participate in and contribute to a community.

Hedy delivers 1 letter to Harry on Monday, 3 letters on Tuesday, and 5 letters on Wednesday. For the rest of the week, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, the number of letters Harry receives increases by the the same quantity established on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Which of the following is the total number of letters that Harry receives that week? A. 13 B. 18 C. 36 D. 49

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. According to the pattern in the problem, the total number of letters Hedy will deliver over the course of the six days will be 1+3+5+7+9+11 , which is equal to 36.

Which of the following activities will best foster the development of students' listening skills? A. Asking students to identify rhyming words from a list of words B. Asking students to identify which picture has a different initial sound from a set of three pictures C. Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher read aloud D. Asking students to draw a picture and then write a sentence about their drawing

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Having students summarize a paragraph the teacher read aloud will encourage students to use listening skills, such as focusing on the teacher, paying attention, and taking note of the main idea.

A teacher asks preschoolers Dominic and Keira to make sure that each child at their table has an apple. They take several apples from a basket and place an apple in front of each child seated at their table. Dominic then says, "We need more apples for our table, an apple for Keira and an apple for me." Which of the following mathematical understandings is Dominic demonstrating? A. Rote counting B. Cardinality of a set C. One-to-one correspondence D. Estimating a quantity less than 10

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. By asking Dominic and Keira to give each child an apple (without counting), the teacher is assessing their understanding of one-to-one correspondence. By doing what they were asked, Dominic and Keira show they understand the need to match one child to one apple.

Which THREE of the following classroom activities are effective for helping a student who is a slow and nonfluent reader? A. Reading along with a taped or recorded book B. Timed reading sessions designed to increase the number of words read per minute C. Repeated choral readings of the class's favorite poems and funny stories D. Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Jean is willing to hike in the snow, but Jim is reluctant because he is cold and goes inside; Jim's behavior is contrasted with that of Jean's, thus helping us understand that "reluctant" means "not willing".

A preschool teacher asks children to each find one item in the classroom that is shorter than a provided ruler and one item that is longer. Which of the following methods is an age-appropriate strategy for comparing the objects that the children select? A. Creating a bar graph B. Placing all items end to end C. Lining objects up side by side D. Making a pie chart

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Lining the items up next to each other would be a concrete way to teach children to align the ends.

A second-grade teacher is using a globe and a world map while explaining time zones as they relate to direction. The most accurate statement the teacher could make about time zones is that each time zone becomes earlier than the previous one as an individual travels A. north across lines of latitude B. south across lines of latitude C. west across lines of longitude D. east across lines of longitude

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Locations west of the International Date Line are one calendar day ahead of locations east of the line.

Which of the following strategies will best help students create engaging oral presentations? A. Preparing notes to read word-for-word during the presentation B. Providing the class with copies of the written report before the presentation C. Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation D. Memorizing the entire report before the presentation

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Preparing a note card with main points will provide the student with an outline of ideas to refer to at any time during the presentation yet allow the student to engage with the audience by using eye contact and gesture rather than looking down and reading from notes the entire time.

Which of the following are sight words? A. Stool, paste, green B. Bead, paid, foil C. They, said, does D. Round, white, large

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Sight words are frequently occurring words students often find in texts they read. The words "they," "said," and "does" are all sight words.

Three-year-old Samuel is looking at pictures of a dog, a bird, and a snake. The teacher observes Samuel counting the four legs on a dog and wants to use this teachable moment to reinforce Samuel's sequencing skills. Which of the following steps would the teacher most likely prompt Samuel to do first? A. Sequencing the pictures from fewest legs to most legs B. Counting the number of legs on each individual animal C. Writing the number of legs of each animal on a whiteboard D. Making a simple graph of the number of legs on each animal

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Based on the order of operations, 5 x 2 would be multiplied first, then added to 1, which equals 11. 2 x 2 would be solved next, which equals 4. Finally, 4 would be subtracted from 11, which gives 7.

Ben bought 3 cantaloupes for $1.50 each and 3 watermelons for $4.00 each. If he paid for the 6 items with a $20 bill, how much change did he receive? A. $2.50 B. $3.50 C. $4.50 D. $5.50

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Ben spent a total of $16.50 on the 3 cantaloupes and 3 watermelons. Therefore, his change from a $20 bill was $3.50.

Which of the following actions is the best example of a student showing good citizenship? A. Playing an instrument for a school performance B. Volunteering to clean up a park C. Working at practical tasks from beginning to end D. Developing a positive attitude toward school

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. By volunteering to clean up a park, the student supports the community and sets a good example for peers.

Which of the following activities would be most effective in establishing a democratic classroom? A. Having the class create models of important monuments in Washington B. Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class C. Having students role-play ways of being a good citizen D. Reading a book about the writing of the Constitution to the class

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Democracy is demonstrated by having students or student representatives create the rules for the class.

Draw a triangle and divide it into halves Draw a square and divide it into halves Which is larger: half of the triangle or half of the square? A third-grade teacher asks students to complete the tasks shown. By asking students the question, the teacher most likely wants them to A. Understand that it is much easier to divide a square than a triangle B. Recognize that fraction comparisons are only valid when fractions refer to the same whole C. Understand how to find equivalent fractions using concrete examples D. Recognize that a fraction is a part of a whole

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Fraction comparisons are only valid when the parts being compared refer to the same whole unit.

Graphic novels are effective for third-grade students because they: A. provide interesting plots for advanced readers B. allow development of visual and verbal literacy C. demonstrate the use of similes and metaphors D. display charts and graphs in a variety of ways

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Graphic novels use visual illustrations to portray a story and require students to use inference skills to understand the meaning of the text. Graphic novels rely on the reader to construct the story by actively integrating visuals presented in the text.

A first-grade teacher brings different types of flowers into the classroom and asks the students to make observations about them. Which of the following student responses is an example of a scientific observation that will best help in classifying the flowers? A. Some of the flowers are wilted. B. Some of the flowers are yellow. C. The flowers are pretty. D. The flowers are soft.

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. In making scientific observations, students need to apply their five senses — seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting — and then describe objects according to their characteristics. The only description provided that illustrates the use of the senses is "yellow."

Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development? Places vowels in syllables Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters Understands word structure Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Some of the concepts of print that students must learn are that a book has a front and a back; that people begin reading words printed on the page starting at the front of the book, from the top of the page, and moving from left to right; that when readers come to the end of one line, they go to the beginning of the next line; that a period tells the reader to stop and pause; and that a question mark shows that a question is being asked.

Which of the following best describes energy that is produced by vibrations and travels only through a medium? A. Gravitational potential B. Light C. Sound D. Heat

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Sound energy is produced by vibrations and travels only through a medium, unlike light, heat (infrared radiation), or gravitational potential energy which can travel through the vacuum of space.

Which of the following activities will best help students understand the structure of a science text? A. Completing a cluster diagram B. Summarizing the text C. Reviewing the subtitles D. Developing questions about the text

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Text features help students identify the structure and purpose of a nonfiction text. Examples of text features include the subtitles, headings, titles, graphics, diagrams, and captions.

Which of the following spelling patterns is found in the word "bone"? A. VC B. CVC C. CVCe D. CVVC

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The CVCe pattern includes words that have an "e" at the end of the word, which usually makes the vowel of the word sound long.

While planning a science unit, a teacher decides to include several activities that will have children handle, examine, and experiment with soil samples. Which of the following terms best describes the activities? A. Reasoning activities B. Classification activities C. Multisensory activities D. Problem-posing activities

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The activities are designed to address multiple senses like sight, sound, smell, and touch.

5+4=9 4+5=9 Which of the following properties of operations is best illustrated by the mathematical statements shown? A. Additive inverse property B. Additive identity property C. Commutative property of addition D. Associative property of addition

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The commutative property of addition means that the order in which the addends are added does not affect the result of the addition.

A preschool teacher provides a water table and various containers for children to use to investigate ways water can be stored and transferred. After a few weeks, the teacher introduces funnels and colanders to the center. Which of the following is the most appropriate focus question for the teacher to pose as children explore these new items? A. Why does the water always run down the funnel? B. Which of the containers will hold more water? C. What do you think will happen when the water is put into the colander? D. How does the shape of the container affect the shape of the water?

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The question focuses children to explore and find their own answers and understanding. This sets a purpose that is developmentally appropriate for preschoolers.

A preschool teacher is introducing the concept of living and nonliving things. The most appropriate introduction of the concept would be to ask children to: A. Create a chart of the characteristics of living and nonliving things B. Sort pictures of living and nonliving things in a learning center C. Describe what they observe of objects and organisms in the classroom aquarium D. Role-play living and nonliving things in a game of charades

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The teacher introduces the difference between living and nonliving things by using a familiar classroom object that contains living fish and plants and nonliving rocks and a thermometer. The activities in the other options can be used once the children grasp the basic difference.

19+17+15+13+7+5+3+1 Which of the following is another way of writing the sum of the numbers shown? A. 4×18 B. 4×19 C. 4x20 D. 4×21

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. There is a pattern in the numbers in the list, and the numbers can be paired up. When pairing 19 and 1, 17 and 3, 15 and 5, and 13 and 7 are paired, the numbers in each pair add up to 20. There are four such pairs, so the sum of the eight numbers is 4 x 20.

Which of the following whole-group activities would best support kindergartners' understanding of a story's setting after listening to the story read aloud? A. Sequencing picture cards of the events in the story B. Creating a map showing the relationships among the characters in the story C. Identifying words the author used to describe the story's surroundings D. Creating a chart matching the details in the story to the main idea

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. This is an activity that uses setting, which involves when and where. Identifying words that describe the story's surroundings is an appropriate way to help kindergarten students understand the concept of setting.

Which of the following is equivalent to 35 ? A. 15% B. 30% C. 60% D. 75%

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. To find what percent is equivalent to 35, one can multiply 35 by 100, which yields 60. 60% is equivalent to 35.

Which of the following best reflects an inquiry-based science activity for a unit about the life cycle of insects? A. Visiting a live-butterfly exhibit online B. Reading books about types of worms C. Raising caterpillars in the classroom D. Drawing pictures of insects

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Young students learn best from concrete examples and direct interaction with the subject being taught. Raising caterpillars in the classroom is the most effective way listed to teach the topic of insect life cycles because it allows for direct observation of the entire life cycle.

A kindergarten teacher opens a book to the middle of the story and asks a student, "Where on this page should I begin reading?" It is most likely that the teacher is attempting to evaluate the student's: A. ability to draw inferences from text B. phonological knowledge C. concepts about print D. understanding of syntax

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. In each of the words given, there is a pair of letters that makes one sound. These pairs are "wh," "th," "sh," and "ch." The letters in the pairs are consonants, and the pair is called a consonant digraph.

At the end of a second-grade reading unit, a teacher reads the following sentences in a child's response journal. This is a long tail. Their onced was a sun. He worked in a coal mind. He was sooty. Then he found a garland. That is a red gem. The child needs help with which of the following? A. Synonyms B. Antonyms C. Phonics D. Homophones

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. In the scenario, the child has made several homophone errors, including confusing th

Which of the following concepts is a second-grade teacher introducing by having students understand the consequences of breaking rules? A. Demand B. Tolerance C. Diversity D. Justice

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Justice refers to the process of using laws to fairly punish law breakers.

Which of the following classroom activities provides first-grade students with the most meaningful practice in counting? A. Counting the number of trees in 20 acres of forest B. Connecting dots to order numerals from 1 to 20 C. Matching numerals to sets of objects D. Determining the number of school days before the next holiday

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Meaningful counting is characterized as a counting activity that provides students with practice counting in a relevant context.

Which of the following is the most appropriate time to encourage young children to start writing? As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker When they first recognize the speech-print relationship After they have learned left-to-right orientation When they show they can follow instructions ETS The Praxis Series Question

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Only option (D) involves the students in collaborative problem solving about a book they are reading together.

Which of the following activities would best help 3 year olds develop a respect for differences among people in the classroom? A. Watching a video about community groups showing compassion B. Taking a field trip to a local business to see different job responsibilities C. Writing a story about a time that they couldn't do something D. Reading a book about a child with a disability and relating it to their lives

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Reading literature is a great way to model appropriate behaviors and teach about how people are different in their abilities and talents.

Mary wants to invite a friend over to play. She knows her mother will grant permission for the friend to come over only after Mary finishes her chores. Mary completes her chores and then asks if she can have her friend come over. Which of the following concepts is best described in the scenario? A. Supply and demand B. Conflict resolution C. Risk management D. Self-regulation

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Self-regulation develops when children learn to control their urges, change behavior, and follow instruction. If Mary does what is expected of her, she will benefit by being given permission to invite a friend over to play.

Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development? A. Places vowels in syllables B. Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters C. Understands word structure D. Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Semiphonetic spellers understand that sounds are represented by letters and often abbreviate spelling using initial and final sounds.

The most direct path between one location and another on a globe is always along: A. one of the tropics B. the equator C. the prime meridian D. a great circle

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Since a globe is essentially a sphere, tracing a route on it will result in a circle.

A third-grade student asks the teacher why it is important to learn about the cultures of other countries. Which of the following statements would be most helpful in answering the student's question? A. "To honor an educational tradition" B. "To help students become more like each other" C. "To help us understand the contributions of ancient civilizations" D. "To learn that people are more alike than different"

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Sociological studies suggest that institutions, organizations, and governing rules are becoming more similar worldwide. By studying other cultures, we see that we have much in common with

The graph shown is a vertical bar graph with four bars. The title is MS. HANZA'S STUDENT'S FAVORITE SHAPES. The labels below the bars, from left to right, are Star, Circle, Square, and Triangle. The numbers appearing on the vertical axis are, from bottom to top, zero to 10 in increments of one. The data for the bars in the graph, from left to right, are as follows. Star, 10. Circle, 3. Square, 3. Triangle, 4. Ms. Hanza, a second-grade teacher, surveys her students and tallies their favorite shapes. Then, the class constructs the graph shown above. Which of the following math skills will the activity primarily reinforce? A. Learning properties of geometric figures B. Understanding concepts of probability C. Exploring spatial relationships D. Collecting and representing data

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Tally charts are used to gather and record information. The scenario describes a teacher gathering, organizing, and representing information in a way that the students can understand.

Students in a second-grade class are comparing the lengths of different objects in the classroom using metric measurement units. Which of the following measurement units is most appropriate for the students to use? A. Yard B. Kilometer C. Foot D. Meter

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. The metric system is the decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units for measuring length, capacity, and weight or mass. The meter is a smaller unit of measurement compared with the kilometer and is appropriate for helping students compare the lengths of different objects.

A third-grade teacher is planning a lesson on the impact of human actions on the physical environment. Which of the following events would best relate to this topic? A. El Niño in South America B. Drought in central Africa C. An earthquake in Haiti D. An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. The oil spill of 2010 is related to drilling for oil in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. It is the only event listed that can be directly attributed to human actions. Human actions did not cause the other events.

On the number line, the point with coordinate 12 is the greatest distance from the point with which of the following coordinates? A. 32 B. 0 C. 1 D. −32

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. The point 1/2 is one unit from 3/2; one half unit from 0; one half unit from 1; and 2 units from −3/2. Therefore it is farthest from −3/2.

A class is reading a story in which the main character is facing a dilemma. Which of the following activities is most likely to encourage the students to think ahead and collaboratively generate solutions to the character's dilemma? A. Categorizing the characters in the book into groups of major and minor importance B. Having students independently make a list of five possible solutions C. Showing the students a video version of the story D. Having students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. The student in the scenario has learned how to form the past tense of a verb by adding "ed" to the present tense. However, the student has not yet internalized that there are exceptions to the rule, resulting in "breaked" rather than "broke," and "goed" rather than "went."

Shown is a line graph on a grid. The title is PREDICTED POPULATION ON MARS 2050 TO 2090. The graph shows five points on the line. The horizontal axis is labeled Year and 6 vertical gridlines are labeled, from left to right, as 2050, 2060, 2070, 2080, 2090, and 3000. The vertical axis is labeled Population, in thousands, and 7 horizontal gridlines are labeled, from bottom to top, as zero to 35 in increments of 5. The line graph begins at the point with coordinates 2050 comma 15, and passes through points 2060 comma 17 point five, 2070 comma 20, 2080 comma 23 point five, and ends at the point with coordinates 2090 comma 25. If the population trend on Mars continues as predicted in the graph above, what will be the population on Mars in the year 3000 ? A. 25,000 B. 27,500 C. 30,000 D. 32,500

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Reading graphs is an important social studies skill. The context of this question may be fantastic and futuristic, but the skill needed to answer the question is not. If we extend the line to the year 3000, we can estimate from the graph that the population on Mars will be about 27,500.

Learning to differentiate among words that have common roots by looking at the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as "pre-," "un-," "dis-," "-tive," "-tion," and "-ment") are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of: morphological analysis configuration cues contextual clues phonemic analysis

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Simple sentences are also called independent clauses, and contain a subject and a verb. Both sentences contain a subject and a verb.

At a certain school, the ratio of the number of female teachers to male teachers is 5 to 2. Which of the following could be the total number of female and male teachers at the school? A. 20 B. 35 C. 37 D. 52

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. Since there are 5 females for every 2 males, the total number of teachers must be a multiple of 7. The only choice that is a multiple of 7 is 35.

To an observer on Earth, it appears as if the Sun orbits Earth once each day. Which of the following is responsible for the misconception? A. Earth's smaller size B. Earth's rotation C. Earth's tilt on its axis D. Earth's orbit

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The Sun does not move across the sky. It appears to rise in the east and set in the west because the Earth, as viewed looking south from the North Pole, rotates counterclockwise, moving from the west toward the east, so that sunlight first appears in the east.

Which of the following actions would be most effective in directly decreasing the impact of the greenhouse effect on the environment? A. Using taller smokestacks B. Reducing the use of fossil fuels C. Adding lime to acidified lakes D. Developing drought-resistant crops

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The greenhouse effect is the warming of the atmosphere near the surface of Earth as a result of the gases in the atmosphere trapping heat energy from the Sun. One of the gases responsible for trapping heat energy is carbon dioxide, which is released when fossil fuels are burned.

After sharing a picture book about opposites with a class of 3-year-old children, a teacher talks with the children about the concept of opposites. The teacher then asks them to use the pictures in the book to talk about opposites with their peers. The lesson best encourages oral language development in young children by: A. Helping them construct meaning from a text B. Encouraging them to engage in conversation C. Using a text as a resource to teach a concept D. Modeling a think-aloud to encourage thought

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The key to language competence is to encourage young children to engage in conversation.

Four students are given a set of twenty-five blocks and asked to represent the blocks using a base-ten method. Which of the following representations best shows a fully developed understanding of base-ten representations? A. one 10-block rod and 15 units B. two 10-block rods and 5 units C. 25 units D. five 5-block rods

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The model shows an understanding that 25 is made up of 2 tens and 5 ones.

Second-grade students are using a calculator to total the number of books in their classroom library. At one point, they mistakenly subtract 12 instead of adding 12. What one change can they make to the total of 57 on the calculator display to correct the mistake? A. Add 12 B. Add 24 C. Subtract 12 D. Subtract 24

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The students need to add back the 12 books they inadvertently subtracted and then add in the 12 they intended to add. This can be done all at once by adding 24 to the result displayed on the calculator.

Shown is a triangle centered above a rectangle but not touching the rectangle. The rectangle is longer than it is wide. The length of the base of the triangle appears to be less than the length of the rectangle. A kindergarten teacher puts the shapes above on a whiteboard and asks the students to use their math words to describe what they see. Which of the following student comments contains an error? A. The triangle is outside and above the rectangle. B. The triangle is on the top and has one more side than the rectangle has. C. The rectangle is bigger and on the bottom of the triangle. D. The rectangle has the same number of corners as it has sides.

Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The triangle is placed on top of the rectangle and it has three sides, which is one less than the number of sides the rectangle has.

Which TWO of the following actions demonstrate self-awareness in an average first-grade student? A. Taking turns when playing with other students B. Hiding tears when starting to cry in front of other students C. Setting a goal to read five picture books in a single week D. Listening to another student who is retelling a familiar story

Correct Answer: B, C Options (B) and (C) are correct. Self-awareness is the ability to judge one's own behavior and respond appropriately to different situations. By hiding tears when standing in front of other students and setting a goal to read five books in a week, the student responds to a situation and takes appropriate action.

To provide a real-world example of a lever, a second-grade teacher should have students use which of the following pieces of playground equipment? A. Slide B. Swings C. Seesaw D. Sandbox

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. A lever is one of six so-called simple machines that trade off distance for force to yield the same amount of work done. An example of a lever is a seesaw which is usually a long, flat horizontal board that balances and pivots on a support in the middle (the fulcrum), so that when one end goes down, the other end goes up. When significantly different weights (forces) are each placed at an appropriate distance on opposite sides from the fulcrum, the lighter weight travels a greater distance up and down and can balance, or sometimes easily lift, the heavier weight.

Place the following dates in the order that they occurred: A. It can be used to determine how many more there are in one set than in another. B. Commuting the factors results in the same product. C. Associating the factors in different ways results in the same sum. D. For some pairs of whole numbers, the result may not be a whole number.

Correct Answer: C, D, B, A The correct order of the answers is (C), (D), (B), (A). Addition: The associative property of addition ensures that the way the addends are grouped does not change the results of addition (C). Division: When one whole number is divided by another whole number, the quotient, i.e., the result, is a fraction if the divisor is not a factor of the dividend (D). Multiplication: The commutative property of multiplication ensures that the order of the factors does not change the results of the multiplication (B). Subtraction: Subtraction determines the difference between two sets (A).

A teacher notices that a student has written the words "goed" and "breaked" in a story. Which of the following best describes the error the student is making? A. Applying a wrong verb tense B. Using a compound predicate C. Using suffixes in a novel way D. Over-applying a recently learned rule

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. A rime is the part of a syllable that consists of its vowel and any consonant sounds that come after it. Two common rimes are "it" and "at." It is the part of a syllable that is used in a nursery or poetic rhyme. In the familiar nursery rhyme, "Hickory, Dickory, Dock," the rime is "ock."

Third-grade students are creating a story map as they read about the donkey Sylvester, who has turned into a rock. The most important benefit of the story-mapping activity is that it will help the students: A. Improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events B. Make connections to other characters who have solved a problem C. Develop a vocabulary they can use in writing their own stories D. Understand the essential features of a problem and its solution

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Academic language is that used in school and books in the content areas and is usually field-specific. It is not the everyday language that children use. Therefore, a teacher's planning should include activities that will help students learn to read, recognize, and use such words with confidence.

Third-grade students are writing reports on a science topic. Which of the following tools will best help students with the assignment by initiating written discussion of their report? A. Slide-share programs B. Instant messaging applications C. Interactive whiteboards D. Blogging programs

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Blogs are regularly updated Web sites or Web pages that enable writers to share their pieces and allow readers to respond to the pieces using written discussion.

Which of the following activities will best help first-grade students understand changes that occur over time? A. Investigating the cultural celebrations and holidays of other countries B. Identifying the characteristics of the individual seasons of the year C. Analyzing the current ways energy is produced in their area D. Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. By reviewing photographs or pictures from other generations, the students will observe changes that have occurred over the years.

Ms. Craig asks her students to write the word "sailboat". Levi spells the word "PKLLEEP". At which of the following levels is Levi spelling? A. Prephonemic B. Phonemic C. Transitional D. Conventional

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Clapping games are a good way to have children move their hands and understand where the natural syllable breaks occur in words.

The diagram shown is titled, The Hydrologic, open parenthesis Water close parenthesis, Cycle. The diagram is a representation of the continuous movement of water in our environment. A barn with nearby trees is shown on the left side of the diagram. There is a cloud above the barn with precipitation lines and a directional arrow, labeled 1, from the cloud to the ground. A house with nearby trees is shown on the right side of the diagram. There is a hill with a single tree located in the middle of the barn and the house. A stream and a lake are located next to the hill. There is an arrow, labeled 2, from the tree on the hill to the cloud above the house. There is an arrow, labeled 3, from the lake to the cloud above the house Which process of the water cycle does the arrow labeled 3 represent? A. Precipitation B. Transpiration C. Condensation D. Evaporation

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid water into water vapor as shown by the arrow labeled 3.

+25−25=0−10+10=0 Which of the following is the property of integers illustrated by the equations shown? A. Associative property of addition B. Commutative property of addition C. Additive identity property D. Additive inverse property

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Every whole number or integer has an opposite or inverse. When a number and its opposite are added, the result is 0. This property of all integers is called the additive inverse property.

City X 8 P.M. Monday City Y 6 ​A.M. Tuesday The table shows the local times for a person in City X and a person in City Y who are having a phone conversation. The time in City Y is how many hours different from the time in City X ? A. 14 hours behind B. 14 hours ahead C. 10 hours behind D. 10 hours ahead

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. From 8 P.M. to midnight Monday is 4 hours. From midnight to 6 A.M. Tuesday is 6 hours. Therefore, the total amount of time between the cities is 10 hours.

Bobby and Jasmine are kindergarten students who are playing at the water station. Jasmine fills a cup with water, lifts it up, and turns it over. She says, "Look, Bobby, I'm making rain!" Bobby replies, "I can make rain too." He then picks up the plastic watering can and pours the water into the water station. Which of the following instructional activities will best support the students' development of inquiry skills? A. Reading a story about rain and discussing the characters in the story with the students B. Providing a picture of a rainy day and asking the students to tell a story based on the picture C. Showing a video about rainy, snowy, and sunny days and telling students to describe different activities they can do on each day D. Performing an experiment to illustrate evaporation and condensation of water and asking how it applies to rain

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Illustrating evaporation and condensation incorporates concepts from the water cycle, which will help students understand how rain is formed and what happens after it rains.

Month September November January Child's spelling of "boat" bt bot bote Based on the information in the chart above, it can be inferred that the child: A. Has a limited knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds B. Has not yet learned about long vowel sounds C. Is not using the classroom word wall appropriately D. Is applying a growing knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. The student's attempts to spell "boat" over time show a growing knowledge of phonics. At first the student hears the beginning and ending consonants in the word. Later the student adds a vowel, which shows a new level of sophistication. Finally, although incorrect, the student adds an "e" on the end. This progression demonstrates the student's knowledge that CVC words have a long vowel sound, such as the long /o/ heard in "boat."

At the end of a second-grade reading unit, a teacher reads the following sentences in a child's response journal. This is a long tail. Their onced was a sun. He worked in a coal mind. He was sooty. Then he found a garland. That is a red gem. The child needs help with which of the following? A. Synonyms B. Antonyms C. Phonics D. Homophones

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. Tier two consists of high frequency words that occur across a variety of domains.

At the beginning of the school year, a second-grade teacher observes that students in class often argue with one another when they are assigned to work with someone they do not like. Which of the following is the best action for the teacher to take in resolving these conflicts? A. Requiring students who have a history of initiating arguments to stay after school B. Introducing a process where students are paired up only if they get along with one another C. Giving extra assignments to the entire class until the arguments stop occurring D. Providing facilitated training for the class on how to get along with others

Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. When children are coached in effective conflict-resolution techniques, they are likely to use the techniques to resolve real-life conflicts.