Praxis 5354

student taking the initiative to knock something down then being scolded not to do that then crying bc of guilt

initiative vs. guilt

Observing the student at predetermined times to assess whether or not the behavior is occurring

interval

C) formative assessments are used to monitor the students during instruction to provide feedback. A test at the end of the unit would be considered summative assessment. a test before would be considered a diagnostic assessment

joe is a 4th-grader who receives special ed services as a student with an OHI due to his ADHD. Which formative assessment would be MOST appropriate when starting a new lesson? a) Giving him a math test to complete at the end of the unit b) Giving him a fact test to complete before the unit c) Monitoring his progress throughout the unit d) Monitoring his behavior during the test

IDEA - under IDEA IEP's are required

legal support for the testing modifications included in an IEP for a public school student with an intellectual disability

they do not determine a student's ability to comprehend the text

limitation of evidence-based fluency assessments

OHI

Tourette syndrome is listed as a

1973 students who do not qualify for an IEP can qualify for a 504. students with physical or mental impairments in public schools, or publicly funded private schools, work with educators to design customized educational plans. These 504 plans legally ensure that students will be treated fairly at school.

504 plan

students should be included inn everything

504 plan

An independent educational evaluation

. A parent who disagrees with the results of the FBA has the right to request _______________

1. SLD specific learning disability 2. OHI other health impairment 3. ASD autism spectrum disorder 4. ED emotional disturbance 5. Speach or language impairment 6. Visual impairment including blindness 7. Deafness 8. hearing impairment 9. Deafblindness 10. Orthopedic impairment 11. ID intellectual disability 12. Traumatic brain injury 13. Multiple disabilities

13 disabilities listed under IDEA

voice recognition software program

A fifth-grade student with cerebral palsy has average intelligence and intelligible speech but limited mobility and, as a result, struggles greatly with both fine motor and gross motor skills. To best help the student successfully complete written assignments, the teacher should provide a

student is given reinforcers or small rewards

A reinforcement schedule

A) Individuals with down syndrome often require more support throughout their lifetime.

A student with which disability would be the most likely to access skills services throughout his or her lifetime? a) Down syndrome b) ADHD c) Deafness d) TBI

A) Adaptive behavior scale assessments are made to test living skills

Adaptive behavior scales are assessments that are often used for students diagnosed with ID. Which area would not typically be assessed in one of these scales? a) Cognition b) Communication c) Motor skills D) Social skills

B) Specific learning disability is a disorder that affects a person's ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do math. Auditor processing disorder affects the ability to listen.

According to the IDEA, which condition could fall under the umbrella term of specific learning disability? a) speech or language impairment b) auditory processing disorder c) ADD d) Bipolar disorder

D) there is no actual evidence that this has an impact on special education.

According to the national center for education stats. 25% of male students receive special education services. Which of the following does NOT explain why a higher percentage of male students receive services compared to female students? a) A tendency in boys to exhibit behaviors that result in special education referrals b) Biological differences between boys and girls c) Gender Bias in referrals and evaluations d) Boys not responding as well to female teachers

d) it is important to not over-identify students based on their race. Every student of all races should be identified at an early age.

African American students receive a higher % of special education services when compared to their peers of other racial or ethnic backgrounds. Which strategy can be MOST productive in applying this information a) Identifying African American students at an early age b) Ignoring this info c) Trying to maintain more of a balance in identification based on race d) Being cautious about the evaluation process.

a) According to IDEA anytime a parent requests a special education evaluation the team must obtain consent and start the evaluation

After a parent requests a special education evaluation for his or her child, what would be the next step in the process? a) Obtain consent and start the evaluation b) Continue to provide responses to interventions (RTI's) until the team determines a need c) Discuss some strategies the parent can use with his or her child at home instead d) ask the student's teacher whether or not they think an evaluation is warranted

B) allowing him to do the work at home will make it easier for him to pace himself at a speed he can handle

Albert is a senior in high school with a specific learning disability in the area of reading comprehension. What would be the greatest benefit to Albert completing one of his English classes online? a) the teacher does not have to be involved as much b) he can complete the work at his own place c) There is less work to complete than in the classroom d) He will be more likely to pass the class

D) it is important to know first if the child has received english language learner services. this will show if there is a language deficit or there is a disability.

Alex is a 2nd-grade student whose first language is not English. in determining his eligibility for special education services, what must be considered? a) What is his first language b) Where he was born c) Whether or not he is fluent in English d) What English learner services he has previously received

a student has dyslexia

Audio books are beneficial when

children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of will

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

C) The rating scales are used to quantify student behaviors

Behavior rating scales can be used to evaluate or assess student behavior. Which of the following best describes the goal of a behavior rating scale? a) To determine what the target behaviors are b) To determine anchor points for the student c) To determine the frequency of the behavior d) To determine discipline for the student

C) To be eligible for special education services as a student with visual impairment one of the criteria is having a visual acuity no better that 20/70. It would not be answer A because he would be considered for the deaf-blindness category

Brian is a 4th-grade student who is being reevaluated for special education services as a student with a visual impairment. Which circumstances would be MOST likely to determine Brian eligible for services? a) an existing vision and hearing loss that affects his educational performance b) Visual field restriction that is 30 degrees c) Visual acuity of 20/70 after correction d) Visual impairment that started after the age of 3

C) Before the age of 16 the transitions services section of the IEP is not required.

Charlie is a 5th-grade student who receives special education services under the deaf blind category. Because of this, which component of his IEP is not required? a) Accommodations and modifications b) Special education services c) Transition services d) Present levels of performance

A) Students with autism often needs sensory breaks. When giving the students breaks it may improve their behavior.

Chris is a sixth-grader who receives services as a student with Autism Spectrum Disorder. which would be the best response when he shows frustration in the classroom? a) Giving him a sensory break b) Talking to him in the hallway to find what is bothering him c) Asking him to try a new activity d) Allowing him to skip to the next lesson

C) having a new classroom and busier environment the students could find it hard to adjust to the schedule and implementation of new material. This all could impact their ability to learn and understand concepts

Cooperative learning is an important strategy for students with autism. What may be a reason to hesitate to implement this strategy in a gen. ed. classroom with students with autism? a) Gen ed. students may not be accepting of students with autism b) Students with autism may not learn as much through this strategy c) Students with autism may struggle to understand concepts initially d) Cooperative learning may negatively affect the confidence of a student with autism

C) There is nothing in FAPE that details that the kids will receive the best education services possible

The IDEA states that students must receive a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) what is not included in FAPE? a) Students will be provided with an IEP b) Students will be educated under public supervision c) Students will receive the best services possible d) Students will receive services unique to their needs

a) Students who have ADHD have a higher chance of having a learning disability

Cory is a fifth-grade student who suffers from ADHD. which disability is Cory most likely to be affected by in addition to ADHD a) Learning Disability b) Speech impairment c) Depression d) Anxiety

A) changing his IEP may help what his teachers do but it will likely not change anything he is doing

Dante is a 7th-grade student who seems to have given up on school work and always talks about dropping out when he is old enough. Which strategy would the LEAST likely to succeed in helping Dante get on the right track and care more about school? a) amending his IEP to include a goal that focuses on graduating b) Speaking to the counselors about activities he could get involved in at school c) Checking in with him each day to see how he is doing d) Lightening the load of the work he has to complete

b) Developmental assessments tend to be done at the preschool or kindergarten grade. So identifying letter sounds would be mostly incorporated into a developmental assessment.

Developmental assessments can be useful tools in the identification of students with disabilities. Which component would MOST likely be incorporated into this kind of assessment? a) Identifying sight words b) Identifying letter sounds c) Identifying math facts d) Identifying colors

Tests of specific skills used to identify students' needs and to guide instruction. ex: Analysis of students work

Diagnostic Tests

The measure of the length of time a student engages in a particular behavior

Duration

B) Meeting with him to know about him will allow you to know how to more about his background

Edgar is a 7th-grade student with an OHI who is new to your caseload. Which strategy would be MOST effective in eliminating any kind of bias towards him? a) Reviewing his IEP to ensure his needs are understood b) Meeting with him to know more about his background c) Calling his parents to introduce yourself d) Reviewing his educational record from his previous school

A) Victims of neglect tend to suffer from ED long after the abuse.

Emily is a seven year old who has been a victim of severe neglect and is being evaluated for special education services as a student with emotional disturbance. What is the primary reason for choosing this category as a result of the neglect. a) ED tends to include behaviors exhibited over a long period of time b) ED tends to involve unhappiness or depression c) ED tends to include a pervasive mood d) ED tends to incorporate physical symptoms

They may include anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression.

Emotional Disturbance

D) if children have already know that math facts it could be a waste of time for them to review the math info

Flashcards can be a useful math intervention for students who struggle with math fact calculations. When may the use of flashcards be inappropriate for students to practice? a) When memorizing division facts b) When students pass their math fact quizzes c) When students are too young to read d) When reviewing already known facts

A measure that encourages practice of skills to improve the accuracy and rate of use

Fluency Building

a) Learning how to use the bus system will be a skill that they may use forever. They can use the bus system to get to and from community programs

For students with independent living skills goals in accessing daily community programs, which technique is most beneficial? a) Teaching them how to use the bus system b) Teaching them how to communicate with the people in charge of the programs c) Teaching them how to make purchases at the store d) Teaching them how to access their cellphones

Takes place during learning and is used to plan or modify instruction ex: Exit tickets

Formative Assessment

C) before being evaluated for special education there must be intensive intervention done on the child.

Freddy is a 6th-grade student who is struggling with his math class. Fredy's math teacher has provided some remediation to his work, but he is still struggling. What would be the MOST appropriate next step? a) Evaluate Freddy for special education B) Continue providing remediation c) Attempt more intensive interventions d) Remove the remediation and collect data

The education of students w/disabilities must be at the public expense based on the development of an IEP that includes related services

Free and Appropriate Public Education (Fape)

Teaching basic life skills in a meaningful and practical manner

Functional Curriculum Approach

most to least prompting

Hierarchy of prompts

A) reviewing the content with her if she is already struggling with it may prove ineffective to a student with a learning disability

Maria is a 7th-grade student with a specific learning disability in math and has failed 3 tests in a row in her general ed math class. Which strategy would be LEAST likely to help Maria improve her test scores in the future? a) asking her questions about the content b) Discuss study habits she may have c) ask the counselors about changing classes d) Updating and accommodations in her IEP

four-part piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education that is tailored to their individual needs.

IDEA

Detailed recommendations for environmental modifications

If an OT can not make it to an IEP meeting what should they provide?

c) IQ tests can only measure certain subjects and skills other tests must be incorporated to see other areas

Intelligence quotients (IQ) tests can help determine whether or not students have learning issues connected with Intellectual ability. What could be a disadvantage of this type of test? a) These tests cannot identify gifted students b) These tests cannot reveal student strengths c) These tests cannot measure certain skills d) These tests cannot identify future success

The degree to which a behavior is repeated

Intensity

A) The behavior rating inventory test is used to identify behaviors that affect the students performance in the classroom.

Jack is a 4th-grade student who is being assessed for an OHI due to diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which affects his executive functioning abilities. which assessment would MOST likely be included in this evaluation? a) Behavior rating inventory b) cognitive assessment system c) Adaptive behavior inventory d) Test of problem solving

C) the combo of the students disability must affect their educational performance for them to receive special services.

Jack is being evaluated for special education services. He has been determined to have an orthopedic impairment and specific learning disability. Why would he not be eligible for the multiple disabilities category according to the IDEA a) orthopedic impairment and Specific learning disability have their own categories b) ASD must be one of the disabilities in the multiple disabilities category c) The combo of these two does not severely affect educational needs d) Students with an orthopedic impairment are not eligible for the multiple disability category

D) He may not exhibit the same behaviors at home as he does at school, is is likely that the interpretation is different for parents and teachers.

Jacob is a 9th-grader who receives special education services as a student with an emotional disturbance. In looking at the behavior rating scales that were given to his teachers and parents, the results were much different at home than they were at school. What is MOST likely the reason for this variance? a) Jacob only exhibits certain behaviors at school b) Jacob's parents do not want the school to know his behaviors at home c) Jacob's teachers all see different behaviors at school d) Jacob's teachers and parents have different interpretations of the questions

A) students who struggle with the daily routine and changes in it may need a visual aid. A visual aid in their routines will allow them to see what they are doing and when they are doing it. They may look at the schedule in the morning and see what they will be doing and prepare themselves for what may be different.

Jacob is a first-grade student who receives services as a student with ASD and struggles with changes in routines. What would be the best strategy to provide a supportive classroom environment? a) The use of a visual schedule b) Daily check-ins c) Having the student access a paraprofessional d) The use of a behavior plan

A) best to record at random times so she may or may not know she is being observed this will provide true indication of her behavior. this will also allow them to see the difference in class times. Having her record her self may help but won't always provide accurate results.

Jasmine is a first-grade student with an emotional disturbance who is observed to assess her behavioral patterns. Which method of recording her behavior would likely be most effective? a) discretely recording her behavior at random times in different classes b) recording her behavior at the same time and class each week c) asking jasmine to help record her behavior d) having her teacher record each of her behaviors throughout the day

b) A TBI is listed under IDEA. Loss of memory is most common with TBI

Jessica is a 14. year old who currently receives services as a student with a traumatic brain injury. Which challenge will she most likely face across her life span? a) loss of hearing b) Loss of memory c) loss of taste d) Loss of relationships

A) typical language of this age includes speaking in sentences of 5 - 6 words. children tend to have a vocabulary of about 2000 or more words. Children should be communicating with spoken words. They should no longer say simple sentences such as "me want"

Jessica is a six-year-old kindergarten student. Which Description may indicate typical language development? a) She speaks in sentences of five to six words b) She has a vocabulary of 500 words c) She holds up her fingers to tell her age d) She uses phrases such as "me want"

C) Allowing him to choose what he would like to read may peak his interest and help him read. giving him extra work may make him dislike reading.

Josh is a fourth-grade student with a specific learning disability in reading fluency. What would be the best strategy to motivate josh to make improvements with his reading? a) giving him extra reading practice for homework. b) Letting him skip some of his reading homework c)Allowing him to pick what story he would like to read d) Contacting his parents when he does not want to read

b) This is the most helpful thing to do for a student who would like to attend post secondary.

Joy is a high school student who has a postsecondary transition goal of attending college. which strategy can be MOST effective inn supporting this goal? a) providing flyers for her from colleges b) Researching entrance requirements for a college c) contacting jobs for her to shadow d) Providing instruction at the college level

A) allowing the student to complete less work is still allowing him to access the curriculum. having him in the classroom and not completing the work does not show his understanding of the work.

Kevin is an 8th grader with behavioral challenges, which makes it difficult for him to stay in the classroom. What would be the best strategy to ensure that he is able to access The general education curriculum? a) Allowing him to complete less work than the other students b) Having him complete his work outside of the classroom c) Requiring that he complete only the work he does in the classroom d) Allowing him to stay in the classroom without completing work and just listening to instruction

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Syntax

C) It is best to have a discussion with the parents to see if an issue has happened at home

Miguel is a second grader with a specific learning disability that began exhibiting some behaviors that have never arisen before. What would be the best strategy in communicating these issues to Miguel's parents? a) Calling the parents immediately to try and resolve the issue b) Waiting a week or two to see if the behavior improves c) Setting up a meeting for the parents to come in and discuss d) Holding an IEP meeting to gather the entire team

units of meaning involved in word formation

Morphology

c) independent practice would show what students know what to do on their own.

Mr smith is a 2nd grade reading teacher and he wants to assess what his students learn at the end of each lesson. Which method of learning demonstration would be MOST appropriate in this scenario. a) group practice b) direct instruction c) independent practice d) Summative assessment

b) It may be a good idea to leave out a poster of letter sounds because that is what they will be learning about each day. Having the other things on the wall may help them but will not give them the full answer.

Ms. Jones is a special education resource teacher who specializes in small group reading lessons. which poster may not be a good idea to display for the students to see? a) A list of sight words b) A list of letter sounds c)A list of letters d) A list of popular sentences

The umbrella term "other health impairment" covers conditions that limit a child's strength, energy, or alertness. One example is ADHD, which impacts attention and executive function.

OHI (Other Health Impairment)

a) These types of screenings are used to quickly determine whether or not students are making the progress they are expected to make.

One of the most effective ways to assess student growth or identify areas of weakness is to use a screening such as the Iowa test of basic skills what is the advantage of using a screening like this? a) To get results quickly to identify the next steps b) To determine eligibility for special education c) To compare with peers in the class d) To measure a students intelligence

b) Curriculum based measure is designed to make sure students are making progress on their IEP goals

One of the most important assessment tools for students with specific learning disabilities is a curriculum-based measure. Which of the following describes the MOST effective use of this kind of measure? a) to determine whether or not a student is keeping up with his or her peers b) to determine whether or not a student is making progress on his or her IEP goals c) To determine whether or not a student is learning the curriculum d) To determine or not whether the student is earning sufficient grades

D) Using a program separate will allow hime to constantly work on content related to what he is learning.

Pat is a 3rd-grade student with IEP goals in math problem solving and math calculations. what is the best instructional strategy to ensure success when working with him in a one on one pullout group? a) Reviewing the material from his math class b) Working on his HW for that day c) Working on math facts with flashcards d) Using a program separate from the math class

d) It is always good to consider the path in which the student can move around. If the desks are put out randomly it could be difficult for the child to move around them.

Paul is a 4th grade student who uses a wheelchair. Which situation would provide the greatest challenge in his ability to maneuver around the classroom? a) Rows of desks facing the front of the classroom b) Clusters of desks throughout the classroom c) Desks in a circle in the middle of the classroom d) Desks randomly spread throughout the classroom

b) The best way for a child to obtain a skill is to practice it throughout different subjects and through different points of the day

Peter is a second-grade student with SLD in the area of writing and struggles to remember how to write his name. Which strategy would be best in helping him maintain that skill? a) Asking him to practice writing his name for 30 minutes each day during a pullout group b) Asking his teachers to help him practice writing his name throughout each day c) Providing incentives and rewards every time he writes his name correctly d) Giving him some extra writing materials to practice at home

A) There must first be evidence that there was interventions taken to assess the child's growth

Phil is a 3rd-grade student who has been struggling with reading fluency. The team has decided to evaluate Phil for special education services and is considering the SLD category. Which statement is true about this evaluation? a) The team must have documentation of interventions that were implemented. b) The team must administer an achievement test c) The team must administer an IQ test d) The team must consider state or local measures

the study of speech sounds in language

Phonology

Behavioral

Praising for right answers and withholding praise for wrong is what kind of approach?

C) schedule and communication boards allow people to communicate what their daily schedule is going to be and anything else they may need to communicate

Richard is a sophomore in high school who is nonverbal. Which assistive technology devices would be MOST beneficial in allowing him to communicate effectively? a) Audio players b) FM listening systems c) Schedule boards d) Graphic Organizers

affects a child's ability to read, write, listen, speak, reason, or ability to do math. dyslexia dyscalculia auditory processing disorder nonverbal learning disability

SLD - Specific learning disability

A) Planning, important to see if they are able to develop their own ideas.

Sam is a 3rd-grade student who struggles with writing. In diagnosing which part of the writing process he struggles most with, where would it be best to start? a) planning b) spelling c) Mechanics d) Semanntics

A) IQ tests show the students potential outcomes achievement tests shows how much progress a student has made and what he or she is currently capable of doing

Sandi is a 9th-grade student being evaluated for special education services due to her failing grades in multiple classes. Her assessment results reveal that she scored in the average range on her IQ test and in the low range on her achievement test. What is MOST likely the reason for this? a) Sandi has a high amount of potential but has made little progress B) Sandi has a low amount of potential but has made a lot of progress c) Sandi has a high amount of potential and has made a lot of progress d) Sandi has a low amount of potential and has made little progress

Meaning of words and sentences

Semantics

Instruction that helps students learn to generalize skills more quickly, allows for social interactions, permits more flexible involvement w/ the teacher and helped students learn from peers

Small group instruction

C) Paraprofessionals are not in charge of writing behavior plans, this is the special education teachers job

Special education assistants or paraprofessionals can do all of the following except what? a) toilet students b) Teach small groups c) Write behavior plans d) Monitor student progress

A) students who take alternate tests due to the impact on their ability will likely not be taking the standardized test

Standardized tests can be a valuable assessment tool for evaluating students who receive special education services. When would standardized tests be inappropriate to use for data in measuring student growth or progress? a) when evaluating students who take alternate assessments b) When evaluating students new to the school c) When evaluating students who have frequent absences d) When evaluating students with accommodations

c) Children may need to read the words first before understanding what the words mean. knowing the words and sounds is the most important but the meaning is not a component of this instruction.

Students with learning disabilities in the area if reading fluency often benefit from systematic reading instruction that helps them read at their own pace. Which is NOT a component of this kind of instruction? a) Phonemic awareness practice b) Sight word practice c) Vocabulary practice d) Reading comprehension practice

Evaluation at the conclusion of a unit. often compared to benchmark

Summative Assessment

If the care the infant receives is consistent, predictable and reliable, they will develop a sense of trust which will carry with them to other relationships, and they will be able to feel secure even when threatened

Trust vs. mistrust

A) School psychologists are trained to administer IQ tests, IQ tests are typically done by the psychologist

The school psychologist can be crucial member of the IEP team. Which responsibility does the psychologist typically hold? A) administering IQ tests B) administering achievement tests C) administering progress monitoring probes D) administering Transition planning inventories

specialist who prepares materials, maintains a daily schedule, and monitors progress until criteria are met.

Tier 3 intervention

The special education and the general education teachers plan together and use dynamic grouping to ensure that students receive instruction from both teachers.

What best describes the most successful collaborative relationship between a special ed teacher and a general ed teacher?

D) The teacher must always maintain control, children can have choices but the control should not be in their hands it should always be with the teacher.

What is NOT a productive way to promote a safe classroom environment? a) Consistent routines b) Clean and orderly classrooms c) Giving students choices d) Giving students control

d) This is a biological factor

What is NOT an environmental factor that could lead to positive student development? a) relationships with teachers b) structure in daily routine c) Getting enough sleep d) having intelligent parents

C) They will collaborate with the school counselors about what the best placement for students but they are not solely responsible for for coming up with the class schedule.

What is NOT typically a responsibility of the special education teacher? a) Managing paraprofessionals b) Scheduling IEP meetings c) Developing student class schedules d) Supporting general education teachers

b) discussing individual differences could make some students feel left out - this would not establish a positive relationship.

What is a poor example of how to establish a positive class environment? a) incorporating cooperative learning activities b) Discussing individual differences c) Establishing consequences d) Correcting misbehavior

b) It is impossible to determine what 20% of the english language is

What is an example of a learning objective that is NOT measurable? a) Students will be able to sound out each letter in the alphabet in six weeks b) Student will be able to understand 20% of the english language in six months c) Students will be able to complete half of their reading packets in one week d) Students will be able to read a chapter of a novel inn one day

d) a modification would be a change to the curriculum so giving access to alternative books would change the curriculum

What is an example of a modification of the curriculum? a) Access to textbooks with larger print b) Access to a computer to type assignments c) Access to manipulatives' d) Access to alternative books

mental processes that enable us to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully

What is executive function and self regulation skills?

C) Under teaching certain students because of a disability. Not teaching at all is the most negative affect.

What is the best example of an implicit bias that may negatively affect a relationship with a particular group of students? a) Over identifying certain students for special education services because of race b) Over teaching certain concepts to students because of their gender c) under teaching certain students because of a disability d) Under identifying certain students for special education services because of socioeconomic status

c) Having the students work together will allow them to communicate and get that peer interaction they would not get in a one on one session

What is the greatest advantage to working with students in a small group rather than a one on one? a) Students can learn by copying each other b) students are more likely to pay attention c) students can improve social communication d) Students are less likely to exhibit negative behavior

Formulating a program of action for teaching replacement behaviors

What is the primary purpose of a behavioral intervention plan (BIP)

Manage the IEP team, Implement the IEP, Provide accomodations to general education, support the student and other teachers

What is the primary role of Special Education teacher?

C) Parents must be updated each quarter with a report card

What is true of an elementary school student's progress on his or her annual IEP goals, according to IDEA? a) Parents are updated on progress once a year at the IEP meeting b) Parents are updated on progress weekly c)Parents are updated on progress each quarter d) Parents are updated at the beginning and end of the school year

D) The school may be in legal fees of the stakeholder. A request must be filed within 2 years of the action. The decision can be challenged by the stakeholder. Stakeholder can require evidence if they want but it is not required

What is true of due process complaints of stakeholders who do not agree with the services being provided by the school? a) a complaint must be filed within one year of the action b) A decision cannot be challenged if they lose c) Stakeholders must provide evidence at the hearing d) The school may have to pay legal fees

B) Students who have a 504 plan can be evaluated for special education services. Students who do not qualify for special education services do not necessarily require a 504 plan.

What role does section 504 of the rehabilitation act of 1973 play in the identification of students for special education services a) Students who are determined ineligible for special education services receive a 504 plan b) Students that have a 504 plan can be evaluated for special educated services c) Students who receive special education services cannot also have a 504 plan d) Students who are determined ineligible for a 504 plan cannot also receive special education services

d) The early intervention is from 0 - 5 in one grouping not 2

What was NOT one of the major changes that occurred inn the 2004 IDEA? a) Transition goals must be written at age 16 b) Special education teachers must be highly qualified c) Alternative assessments are included in state accountability d) Early intervention included systems for zero to three and three to five

c) providing good reinforcement and praising the positives is a very good and effective skill.

What would be an example of effective feedback in a lesson plan for a third grade class? a) selectively choosing students to call on b) Immediately calling on a student after asking a question c) reinforcing student behavior d) Providing corrective feedback the next day

B) The purpose of LRE is to have children in the general education classroom as much as possible

What would be the MOST appropriate least restrictive environment for a 4th-grade student with an SLD in reading fluency? a) General education classes all-day b) General education classes most of the say with a small group pullout c) Special ed classes most of the day with one general education class d) Spec ed classes all-day

a) The most appropriate challenge for this group would be writing a paragraph (5 sentences).

What would be the MOST appropriately challenging learning objective for a small group writing intervention pullout group at the second-grade level? a)Students will be able to write a five-sentence paragraph with 80% accuracy by end of the writing unit b) Students will be able to write one sentence with 80% accuracy by the end of the writing unit c) Students will be able to write a three paragraph story with 80% accuracy by the end of the writing unit d) Students will be able to write a letter with 80% accuracy by the end of the writing unit.

b) It is important to supplement these activities with skills that the student will use for the rest of their life, like telling time.

What would be the MOST beneficial in supplementing the daily math curriculum of a tenth-grade student with Down syndrome who is working on functional skills? a) Including addition fact worksheets b) Including time telling worksheets c) Including measuring worksheets d) Including order of operations worksheets

B) Multi sensory strategies including the use of touch in manipulating letters or tapping the letters with their fingers, can be effective strategies. Sensory approach allows them to break down words and memorize them in different ways.

What would be the MOST effective instructional strategy in teaching a reading lesson to students with dyslexia? a) Using a whole word approach b) using Multi-sensory strategies c) Using modeling d) Using graphic organizers

a) Conformity - this means changing your behavior to be more like them. We do not want this .

What would be the best example of negative social influence? a) conformity b) independence c) compliance d) Individualism

d) practicing some of the skills that they are going to be learning is helpful to the student.

What would be the best warm-up for a lesson on adding and subtracting fractions? a) multiplying and dividing fractions b) adding and subtracting fractions c) Multiplying and dividing whole numbers d) Adding and subtracting whole numbers

c) An assessment must be a true evaluation of a students growth. having two different sets of assessments is best practice.

When co-teaching a high school science class with a general ed. teacher, which assessment choice would be best to incorporate into the lesson plan? a) Having each student take the same test b) Giving each student an individualized test c) Having two groups of assessments d) Not assessing the students

B) It is important to have a meeting with the general education teacher and the student to to see what the student needs and how to proceed.

When collaborating with general education teachers, there may be disagreements that arise. what would be the MOST productive way to handle a disagreement about a students accommodations? a) Hold an IEP meeting to address the change that needs to be made b) hold a meeting with the student and the general education teacher c) Hold a meeting with the school principal d) Hold a meeting with the students parents

D) if the meeting is scripted it will not give everyone a chance to speak and tell their side of the story and give their thoughts

When holding an IEP meeting with stakeholders, which method would be least effective in establishing rapport? a) Facilitated meetings b) Powerpoint meeting c) Student-led Meetings D) Scripted meetings

d) Practical application is the most important to innclude

When lesson planning for a life skill class for students with severe needs, which element is MOST important to include? a) objectives b) warm-up c) Direct instruction d) Practical Application

C) When teaching children with behavioral concerns it is important to ensure that all students are safe, safety comes first.

When managing student behavior, what is always the number one priority for teachers? a) Ensuring students have access to the curriculum b) Ensuring students are making progress with their behavioral goals c) Ensuring each student in the classroom is safe d) Ensuring each student has a behavior plan

B) It is important to model the behavior that you would like to see. show them what it looks like and what you expect to see.

When reviewing rules and expectations in a kindergarten class, which technique would be MOST effective in ensuring that students understand. a) Having the rules listed in the classroom b) Modeling proper following of the rules c) Reading a list of rules orally d) Playing a video with a song that contains the rules

c) Focusing on tasks that will have to occur the most such as personal hygiene is the most essential thing to include in the curriculum.

When selecting a functional curriculum for a high school class focusing on independent living skills, what would be the MOST essential to include in the curriculum? a) Cooking b) Laundry c) Personal Hygiene d) Shopping

C) When allowing each student to independently work on their own book and questions will use the time appropriately.

When teaching a small group of students with varying reading levels, what is the best strategy to ensure they are appropriately challenged? a) have children read the story and then give them comprehension questions at their ability level b) Have the students read the same story, having the more advanced students read aloud. c) have students read different stories and work independently on their own questions d). Have students read different stories, and have each student read their own story aloud.

D) it is the case managers duty that their student is accessing the accommodations and making sure the teachers know how to implement them

When working as a case manager for a student with an IEP, what role must be taken on as part of that duty? a) Ensuring the students on the caseload do not fail b) Ensuring students on the caseload attend class c) Ensuring students on the caseload meet IEP goals d) Ensuring students on the caseload access accommodations

b) Teaching them to search for important information will be helpful for them always

When working with 8th-grade students on reading comprehension, what is the best strategy in ensuring that they are able to generalize these concepts across each of their classes? a) teaching them how to memorize certain parts of the text b)Teaching them how to search for important information c) Teaching them how to skim through the text d) Teaching them how to reread passages

B) the instruction could be delivered through an audio book. The student could listen to it instead of reading

When working with a general education math teacher, which instructional strategy would be the best in allowing a student with a visual impairment access to the curriculum? a) modified assignment length b) An audio version of the textbook c) Preferential seating close to the board d) Extended time on tests

D) having them demonstrate their executive functioning skills would be a end of unit performance task

When working with a group of high school students on executive functioning skills, which is the best example of a summative assessment? a) End of unit test b) end of unit essay c) end of unit presentation d) end of unit performance task

A) group discussion will help them develop methods that will work for them.

When working with a small group of students that struggle with study skills, which instructional strategy would be the MOST effective? a) Group Discussion b) Independent practice c) Portfolio Development d) Cooperative Learning

b) Specific to the needs of the children, measurable or quantifiable, attainable to the group of students, relevant to the current topic or instruction, targeted to the needs of the student.

When writing learning objectives, the acronym "SMART" is often used. What do the letters in SMART stand for? a) Systematic, measurable, attainable, reasonable, targeted b) Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, targeted c) Systematic, measurable, attainable, reasonable, tested d) Specific, measurable, attainable, reasonable, tested.

A) Each of these could be beneficial, skipping recess would be the most inappropriate. Students with behavioral issues may need to go outside and have sensory stimulation. Behavior could escalate if this activity is skipped.

Which consequence would be the MOST inappropriate for a third-grade student with behavioral issues? a) Having him/her stay in during recess b) Having him/her go to a time out area during class time c) Having him/her fill out a points sheet when he or she displays poor behavior d) Having him/her skip the fun activity at the end of the day.

D) Dysgraphia is a learning disability where as speech and language impairment are communication disorders

Which disorder is not listed under the IDEA's definition of the speech or language impairment category? a) Stuttering b) Impaired articulation c) Voice Impairment d) Dysgraphia

D) Although the information from the parent is valuable the school is not responsible for providing every service the guardian requests

Which federal safeguard is not protected according to IDEA a) Schools must provide guardians with their rights in writing b) Schools must provide notice before changing special education services c) Schools must provide opportunities for guardian input in IEP meetings d) Schools must provide the services that the guardian requests

C) involving the parent and the student will allow the student to feel like a team is helping him not it being solely on him.

Which intervention strategy would be most effective for a high school with a specific learning disability who is at risk of failing classes and not graduating high school? a) Speaking to the teachers of classes he/she is failing and asking them to help b) Speaking to the school counselor and ensuring the student passes c) Speaking with the student's parents and coming up with a plan for the student to graduate d) Speaking to the student and asking him/her to do their own work

C) children should not be having tantrums in third grade. Typical development includes having issues with peers. these children also struggle to pay attention to direction. children should also be expressing their emotions in spoken word.

Which of these social and emotional behaviors may be atypical (not normal) of a third grader? a) Complaining about friendships and others not sharing b) Struggling to pay attention to teachers' directions c) having a tantrum due to change in routine d) attempting to express feelings with words

D) although calculators are technology they are generally used by every student in the math class.

Which scenario would least likely be considered assistive technology? a) Computers for students to type b) pencil grip to improve handwriting c) switching toys to participate in leisure activities d) calculators to use in math class

D) Behaviors are learned the same in animals as they are in humans. Behavior is learned from the environment.

Which statement does NOT pertain to the behaviorism school of thought? a) behavior is learned from the environment b) Behavior must be observed to be studied c) Behavior comes from a stimulus-response d) Behavior is learned differently in humans and animals

C) It is best to keep the lab supplies hidden and out of reach but still accessible.

Which strategy would promote the safest learning environment in a 6th grade science class with students varying in disability? a) Displaying lab supplies at the front of the classroom b) Displaying lab supplies at the back of the classroom c) Locking lab supplies in a closet in the classroom d) Locking lab supplies in a closet in a separate room

c) Accommodations - allow students to access the curriculum with a change in presentation, timing, setting, scheduling, or formatting. Modifications and adaptations would be wrong because it will change what the child is learning. Assistive technology would not always be the answer for someone with a learning disability

Which technique would be MOST appropriate for a student with specific learning disability in reading to access the curriculum. a) Modifications b) Assistive Technology c) Accommodations d) adaptations

b) The student does not give his or her best effort on classroom and standardized assessments

Which would be the best interpretation of the results of an academic achievement test for a student who exhibits low scores with classroom and standardized assessments? a) the student got lucky on the academic achievement test b) The student does not give his or her best effort on classroom and standardized assessments c) The academic achievement test was not age-appropriate for the student d) The academic achievement test is a better indicator than the other assessments

Monitoring the amount of time the behavior is exhibited during an observation period

duration

C) Curriculum based assessments will give data right away. it can be a good way to monitor progress with what is on the IEP

Which would be the best use for the results of a student's curriculum-based assessment? a) to determine which grade level a student performs at b) To determine a student's percentage in a class c) To incorporate into an individualized education program to show progress. d) to incorporate in a students file

B) Diagnostic assessments are used to see what the kids already know their strengths and their weaknesses

Which would be the most appropriate time to use diagnostic assessment? a) to develop instruction b) To learn what the students already know c) To understand if the outcomes have been reached d) to measure a student against a previous performance

teach the student how to advocate for herself in social settings

a student with down syndrome is being made fun of by another student. what is the best way to approach this as a teacher?

setting realistic goals

appropriate way for parent motivate child with a learning disability to achieve academic success?

FBA

best for collecting data about a student's inappropriate ways of communicating in an effort to determine what the student is actually communicating

a) Allowing him to gain experiences that will allow him to use skills he will use in the profession

billy is a 9th-grade student with an OHI with a transition goal of working in construction. How could this transition goal be implemented in the General education classroom? a) His math teacher teaches him how to measure objects b) his case manager teaches him how to apply for construction jobs c) his English teacher teaches him about how to read textbooks d) his history teacher teaches him about famous construction workers

A) Grouping students based off of their ability may be the easiest method but it could single some students out. It could also make the content harder to learn if they are all struggling.

bobby is a 5th-grade student who struggles with reading comprehension and writing. When working on social studies with the entire class, what is an instructional strategy that would be the LEAST effective for bobby ability to learn the subject matter a) Grouping students based on their ability b) Including hands-on activities c) Offering choices for learning d) Using technology

is widely used with students with autism spectrum disorders. focusing on replacing negative or ineffective patterns of thought and behavior with structured strategies that are effective in improving mood and adaptive functioning.

cognitive behavioral theory

using information about the students' concept-level strengths and weaknesses to customize or differentiate instruction for them

differentiated instruction

earning a reward/token

extrinsic motivation

Counting how many times a behavior occurs during a specified amount of time

frequency

daydream

girls with ADHD tend to _____________ more than boys with ADHD

by actively practicing it correctly

how do students learn procedure

peer modeling

need to develop skills independently it is best to use _______

IDEA

public schools must provide instruction and/or related services at the appropriate level and free of charge for a student with a learning disability

difficulty writing due to fine motor delays, visual impairments, and sensory or perceptual processing problems.

raised line paper is beneficial for student who may have ________

oral

students with SLD often experience difficulty with ___________ expression

true

true or false, it is typical for kindergarteners to be walking down the stairs with transitioning feet

D) The students will be new to the program giving them a high chance of exhibiting negative behaviors.

which would most likely be considered a disadvantage of an inclusion program? a) students cannot meet their IEP goals in an inclusion class b) the expectations are too high in an inclusion classroom c) there is more staff collaboration in an inclusion classroom d) students may act out more in an inclusion classroom

Skill level An effective, measurable, and appropriate IEP goal must match the student's skill level as determined through informal and formal assessments.

writing an IEP you must consider the child's _______.