prehistory and ancient neareast

Archaeological evidence from the site where the work was found has led scholars to suggest that the original audience lived in which of the following locations? a. In an ongoing settlement that included places with ritual significance b. Near a series of caves containing wall paintings of constellations and maps c. n an extensive group of islands that were linked by a network of canals d. On a processional route to a royal burial complex

a. In an ongoing settlement that included places with ritual significance

The ceramic figurine shown from Tlatilco, Central Mexico, is characterized by a. a lack of attention to the hands and feet b. molded patterns on the hair and skirt c. static gestures and an indifferent expression d. a composite pose that shows multiple angles

a. a lack of attention to the hands and feet

The artist from the Neolithic Lapita culture who created these terra cotta fragments decorated the surface of the ceramic by a. applying a red slip made of diluted clay with added mineral pigment before firing b. painting linear designs onto the finished pot with white tempera using a brush c. arranging tiny stone squares into angular patterns by pressing them into wet clay d. using a three-phase firing process to cause different surface areas to take on different colors

a. applying a red slip made of diluted clay with added mineral pigment before firing

The basic form of the camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine from prehistoric Mexico was most likely determined by the a. natural shape of the animal bone into which it was carved b. sacred status given to canine animals in ancient Mesoamerica c. desired function of the object as a ceremonial headdress d. influence of imagery found in other examples of ancient Mesoamerican art

a. natural shape of the animal bone into which it was carved

The work shown can be identified as a. the Apollo 11 stones from Namibia, created c. 25,500-25,300 B.C.E. b. a section of the Great Hall of the Bulls at Lascaux, created 15,000-13,000 B.C.E. c. the Ambum Stone from Papua New Guinea, created c. 1500 B.C.E. d. a Lapita terra cotta fragment from the Solomon Islands, created 1000 B.C.E.

a. the Apollo 11 stones from Namibia, created c. 25,500-25,300 B.C.E.

Two commonly accepted interpretations of the paintings in the Great Hall of the Bulls at Lascaux are that they depict images related to hunting and that they depict a. the connection between the mortal and the spiritual realms b. the symbolic representation of a battle against enemy forces c. maps of conquered territories with their distinctive features d. records of ancestral lineage written through the use of pictographs

a. the connection between the mortal and the spiritual realms

The work is a. Sumerian b. Babylonian c. Akkadian d. Assyrian

b. Babylonian

The physical properties of the Ambum Stone have led scholars to propose which of the following theories about the work? a. It must have been transported via a long distance trade network, because the specific type of stone it was made from is not quarried locally. b. It must have held special value for its owners, because creating it would have been extremely time consuming. c. It must have been heavily used in its original context, because some areas of the work show significant wear from repeated grinding action. d. It most likely formed part of a larger sculptural program from a temple excavated nearby.

b. It must have held special value for its owners, because creating it would have been extremely time consuming.

The form of the animal is represented using which of the following techniques? a. Composite pose to show the figure from multiple angles b. Profile so that distinctive aspects of the animal are clearly recognizable c. Foreshortening to create the illusion that the animal is in motion d. Overlapping extremities that convey a sense of spatial depth

b. Profile so that distinctive aspects of the animal are clearly recognizable

The running horned woman from Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria, is presented using which of the following visual characteristics? a. The figure is placed on a clear ground line. b. The figure is represented in composite pose. c. The facial features are unique and individualized. d. The musculature is clearly defined.

b. The figure is represented in composite pose.

Which of the following is a feature of the Standard of Ur that provides evidence of a vast trade network with foreign lands? a. Inscriptions written in different languages b. The use of luxury materials acquired from other cultures c. The depiction of foreign dignitaries bringing tribute d. Imagery of a ruler's travels to exotic lands

b. The use of luxury materials acquired from other cultures

Stonehenge was initially created by a Neolithic culture that can best be described as a. a society of loosely connected groups of migratory hunter-gatherers b. a society of early farmers who lived in nearby agricultural settlements c. an urbanized society concentrated in fortified towns along an important trade route d. a stratified society arranged around administrative centers inhabited by the elite

b. a society of early farmers who lived in nearby agricultural settlements

In the work shown, features of different animals were combined for the purpose of creating a. a symbolic representation of a kingdom that was made through uniting separate realms b. an imposing mythical creature that was meant to safeguard the entrance to a royal complex c. the personification of a multifaceted deity to be placed inside the shrine of a temple complex d. the symbolic portrait of a king as protector and defender of stability in the realm

b. an imposing mythical creature that was meant to safeguard the entrance to a royal complex

The work shown can be identified as the a. camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine from central Mexico, created 14,000-7000 B.C.E. b. anthropomorphic stele from the Arabian Peninsula, created in the fourth millennium B.C.E. c. Ambum Stone from Papua New Guinea, created c. 1500 B.C.E. d. Tlatilco female figurine from central Mexico, created 1200-900 B.C.E.

b. anthropomorphic stele from the Arabian Peninsula, created in the fourth millennium B.C.E.

The culture that created the work can be characterized as a. defined by social rank and a specialization of labor b. composed of groups of mobile hunters and gatherers c. organized into an early farming community with domesticated animals d. engaged in trade with small seafaring communities on other continents

b. composed of groups of mobile hunters and gatherers

The work was created using a. standardized molds for uniform appearance and size b. hand-shaped clay and a sharp instrument to incise details c. early forging and casting techniques d. found stones that seemed to suggest bodily forms

b. hand-shaped clay and a sharp instrument to incise details

The creator of the work shown, which is from Neolithic Papua New Guinea, carved the top into an elongated, rounded shape most likely to suggest the a. curved top of a threshing flail whose handle ends in a scepter b. head and upper body of an animal, conforming to the shape of a handle c. upright posture of a standing human, reflecting the vertical form of a stele d. shape of a blossom whose stem forms a palette used for mixing pigments

b. head and upper body of an animal, conforming to the shape of a handle

The work serves to legitimize the a. invasion of neighboring city-states b. king's right to rule c. institution of monotheism d. authority of the priests

b. king's right to rule

The inscribed text outlines a. rituals in preparation for the afterlife b. laws governing crime and punishment c. historical accounts of military triumphs d. ceremonial prayers to the gods

b. laws governing crime and punishment

The work was found in which of the following contexts? a. Painted on the wall of a cave b. Buried with other grave goods c. Located in a rock shelter in the mountains d. Embedded in the ruins of an ancient temple

c. Located in a rock shelter in the mountains

The detail shown of a painting from the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave demonstrates an early interest in naturalism through which of the following visual characteristics? a. The presentation of the animals using twisted perspective b. The inclusion of heavy outlines to define the full form of each animal c. The staggered arrangement of the animals, so that some animals are placed behind others d. The stylized patterning, which is used to evoke the animals' distinctive characteristics

c. The staggered arrangement of the animals, so that some animals are placed behind others

The work shown was created by the a. Susian culture between 4200 and 3500 B.C.E b. Liangzhu culture between 3300 and 2200 B.C.E. c. Tlatilco culture between 1200 and 900 B.C.E. d. Lapita culture in 1000 B.C.E.

c. Tlatilco culture between 1200 and 900 B.C.E.

In the painting of the running horned woman from Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria, the impression of movement is conveyed primarily through the use of a. value contrast b. radial balance c. diagonal lines d. organic shapes

c. diagonal lines

The two figures portray a a. king and his chief priest b. pharaoh and his scribe c. god and a king d. high priest and a warrior

c. god and a king

In its original context, the interaction between the god Shamash and Hammurabi on the Code of Hammurabi was intended to cause in viewers a sense of a. fear of punishment by showing them the results of unlawful actions b. empathy with their ruler by showing him as a mere mortal opposite a god c. respect for the laws recorded on the stele by suggesting their divine origin d. loyalty for their ruler by showing him making personal sacrifices for his people

c. respect for the laws recorded on the stele by suggesting their divine origin

Although many theories exist to explain the overlapping forms of the animals in the Great Hall of the Bulls at Lascaux, some scholars have interpreted the repeated images as evidence of a. continuous narration, with the forms being repeated to show an ongoing sequence of events b. physical challenges, because the artists were painting in total darkness before the invention of oil lamps c. ritual activity, perhaps to ensure successful hunting of the animals depicted on the cave walls d. funerary practices, since each animal appears to mark the grave of a different individual

c. ritual activity, perhaps to ensure successful hunting of the animals depicted on the cave walls

In Neolithic China, artisans shaped jade congs by a. incising them with metal tools b. using cast molds c. rubbing them with abrasive sand d. firing liquefied clay

c. rubbing them with abrasive sand

The form of the Code of Hammurabi is shaped as a a. palette b. pyxis c. stele d. frieze

c. stele

Scholars believe that the work was used for which of the following purposes? a. For elite religious rituals held in underground temples b. For prophetic acts to divine the future and understand the past c. As a family portrait of powerful ruling siblings d. As an offering made to accompany the deceased in burial

d. As an offering made to accompany the deceased in burial

In the Tlatilco figurine shown, the artist created an effect of stylization through which of the following visual characteristics? a. Monochromatic coloration to give a smooth, even tone to the work b. A static pose to create a sense of balance and harmony c. Hierarchical scale to demonstrate the central importance of the figure d. Exaggerated proportions that place an emphasis on truncated arms and expansive hips

d. Exaggerated proportions that place an emphasis on truncated arms and expansive hips

Although the function of Stonehenge has been debated by scholars, newer archaeological evidence suggests that it may have acted as a. a platform for displaying important ancestral sculptures b. an early amphitheater for watching fights between warriors c. a royal estate for housing rulers and the elite d. a center for pilgrimage and healing of the sick

d. a center for pilgrimage and healing of the sick

The work shown from Susa, Iran, includes patterns that can best be described as a. organic b. naturalistic c. elongated d. geometric

d. geometric