Prejudice vocab, practice, and quiz

self-fulfilling prophecy:

A belief, prediction, or expectation that operates to bring about its own fulfillment.

compliance:

A change of behavior to avoid discomfort and rejection or to gain approval.

prejudice:

A generalized negative attitude held towards members of a specific group.

Describe two ways in which attribution tendencies influence prejudices.

Attributions influence prejudices because individuals tend to make fundamental attribution errors even more when observing the behavior of groups against whom they are prejudiced. For example, individuals will often attribute poor misfortunes to internal factors when those who are being observed are a part of targeted prejudiced group. Individuals often tend to use defensive attribution when judging the causes of targeted group behavior.

discrimination:

Behaving differently or in an unfair way toward members of a specific group.

counterattitudinal behavior:

Behavior that contradicts one's private attitude and is often used as a tool of persuasion.

Compare and contrast prejudice and discrimination.

Prejudice and discrimination are both associated with negative views about a particular group of individuals, and they often are connected when it concerns the negative treatment of a member of a particular group. However, prejudice involves possessing a negativeattitude about members of a particular group, and discrimination involves targeting negativetreatment toward a particular group member.

Describe realistic group conflict theory.

Realistic group conflict theory claims that hostilities and prejudices that appear between various groups are a result of competition.

Explain two possible reasons that prejudice attitudes form in individuals.

Research indicates that prejudice often forms because of parental influences. If a parent has a particular attitude about a targeted group, then a child will often adopt the same attitude. Prejudices also can form through stereotypical portrayals of various groups in the media.

Describe three reasons why research indicates that stereotypes are resistant to change.

Stereotypes are resistant to change because individuals tend to ignore evidence that debunks or contradicts their stereotypes. They are also resistant to change because stereotypes are based on subjective assessments. Therefore, individuals will often only see behavior that they expect to see in individuals, which often supports their stereotype. Stereotypical biases in memory also contribute to reaffirming prejudices. If an individual believes something about a particular group of people, they may remember only the information that serves to support the stereotype and forget about information that contradicts the stereotype.

self-justification:

The need to rationalize one's attitude and behavior.

internalization: .

The process of incorporating the values, ideas, and standards of others as a part of oneself

All of the following are three components that define prejudice except __________. A. race B. emotions C. beliefs D. behavioral disposition

a

All of the following statements concerning stereotypes are correct except __________. A. Subjective perceptions and memory biases often serve to confirm individual prejudices. B. Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. C. Prejudice may lead individuals to ignore any alternative behavior that contradicts a personal stereotype. D. Stereotypes often operate automatically, even in individuals who do not display behavior that reflects the stereotype.

b

All of the following indicate ways that threats to social identity foster prejudice except by __________. A. favoring ingroup members over outgroup members B. making derogatory remarks about outgroups that are perceived as a threat C. engaging in actions that cause one to feel inferior to members of an outgroup D. claiming that one group is better at a specific skill than another

c

All of the following are examples that depict the relationship between attribution and prejudice except __________. A. foreigners aren't smart enough to get good jobs B. women succeed because of good luck C. poverty is caused by laziness D. individual successes are due to effort

d

All of the following are ways that individuals can reduce the issues associated with prejudice except __________. A. reducing biases in attribution processes B. discovering ways to unify group members C. increasing awareness of causes for prejudice and discrimination D. promoting competition between groups

d

Assigning a stereotype to an individual is never a positive thing.

f

Ethnic groups are the only groups that are targets of prejudice.

f

Stereotypes are often easy to change.

f

individuals tend to evaluate or judge ingroup members in a negative light more than outgroup members.

f

According to some psychologists, prejudices may form against others when one's self-worth is threatened.

t

Believing that one must compete for a valued resource can lead to prejudices and discrimination.

t

Biases in attribution assist in reaffirming stereotypes.

t

Discrimination describes the behavior that may result from having prejudicial views.

t

Forming stereotypes can help an individual process new information about another individual quickly.

t

Research indicates that a parent's prejudice can lead a child to form the same prejudice.

t