Prep U Chapter 28

If a client were to develop rheumatic carditis, which cardiac structure would most likely be affected?

mitral valve

The nurse is caring for a client with aortic regurgitation. What medication will the nurse administer to reduce afterload?

nitroprusside

The nurse is teaching a school community parent group about heart wellness. What risk factor is a common leading cause for mitral stenosis?

rheumatic fever

A client with a forceful, pounding heartbeat is diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. Which client statement indicates to the nurse a need for additional teaching?

"I can still drink coffee and tea."

A client with a confirmed DVT is being discharged from the ED. Which client statement indicates that the client has received proper nursing instruction and understands how to manage this condition?

"I need to do my leg exercises five times or more every hour."

The nurse is educating a client about the care related to a new diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. What statement made by the client demonstrates understanding of the teaching?

"I will avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking."

A nurse plans to have an education session with a client with cardiomyopathy and the client's spouse about ways to increase activity tolerance. What instructions would the nurse provide?

Alternate active periods with rest periods.

A nurse is teaching a client who is awaiting a heart transplant. Which statement indicates the client understands what is required to help minimize rejection?

"I will need to take three different types of medications for the rest of my life to help prevent rejection."

A nurse is caring for a client who had an aortic balloon valvuloplasty. The nurse should inspect the surgical insertion site closely for which complication(s)?

Bleeding and infection

Which nursing intervention should a nurse perform when a client with cardiomyopathy receives a diuretic?

Check regularly for dependent edema

The nurse determines that a patient has a characteristic symptom of pericarditis. What symptom does the nurse recognize as significant for this diagnosis?

Constant chest pain

A client with aortic regurgitation is admitted to the hospital. Which assessment findings would indicate left ventricular failure?

Dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

A client is admitted to the hospital with possible acute pericarditis and pericardial effusion. The nurse knows to prepare the client for which diagnostic test to confirm the client's diagnosis?

Echocardiography

A client reporting heart palpitations is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation caused by mitral valve prolapse. To relieve the symptoms, the nurse should teach the client which dietary intervention?

Eliminate caffeine and alcohol

A nurse is caring for a client with aortic stenosis whose compensatory mechanisms of the heart have begun to fail. The nurse will monitor the client carefully for which initial symptoms?

Exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema

The nurse is auscultating the heart of a client diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. Which is often the first and only manifestation of mitral valve prolapse?

Extra heart sound

A young mother brings her 4-year-old in to the pediatric clinic with a mild fever and a red, spotty rash that is beginning to fade. The child's heart rate is rapid, and the rhythm is abnormal. The mother states the child has been healthy until about 3 weeks ago when the child had a sore throat. The nurse suspects rheumatic carditis. What organism causes rheumatic carditis?

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

A client is diagnosed with rheumatic endocarditis. What bacterium is the nurse aware causes this inflammatory response?

Group A, beta-hemolytic streptococcus

Which type of graft is used when a heart valve replacement is made of tissue from an animal heart valve?

Heterograft

A nurse reviewing a client's echocardiogram report reads the following statements: "The heart muscle is asymmetrically thickened and the overall size and mass are increased, especially along the septum. The ventricular walls are thickened, reducing the size of the ventricular cavities. Several areas of the myocardium show evidence of scaring." The nurse knows these manifestations are indicative of which type of cardiomyopathy?

Hypertrophic

A client with endocarditis is being discharged home. What statement indicates effectiveness of client teaching about preventing recurrence of the infection?

I will ask for antibiotics whenever I have dental work done."

On auscultation, the nurse suspects a diagnosis of mitral valve stenosis when which of the following is heard?

Low-pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur at the apex of the heart

Which nursing intervention should a nurse perform to reduce cardiac workload in a client diagnosed with myocarditis?

Maintain the client on bed rest

The nurse is caring for a client with manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy. When planning care, which consideration would the nurse make?

Place bed in a high or semi-high Fowler's position as needed.

The nurse is reviewing the lab work of a client diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Which diagnostic study confirms the diagnosis?

Positive blood culture

The instructor is talking with a nursing student who is caring for a client with pericarditis. The instructor asks the student to name the main characteristic of pericarditis. What should be the student's answer?

Precordial pain

Which valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

Pulmonic valve

A client comes to the clinic reporting fever, chills, and sore throat and is diagnosed with streptococcal pharyngitis. A nurse knows that early diagnosis and effective treatment is essential to avoid which preventable disease?

Rheumatic fever

A client with a recent history of atrial fibrillation has been prescribed warfarin. What action will the nurse take to confirm safe dosing?

Review the client's international normalized ratio (INR).

A client with a myocardial infarction develops acute mitral valve regurgitation. The nurse knows to assess for which manifestation that would indicate that the client is developing pulmonary congestion?

Shortness of breath

Which symptom occurs in the client diagnosed with mitral regurgitation when pulmonary congestion occurs?

Shortness of breath

The nurse is caring for a client with cardiogenic shock in an critical care unit and the family is asking about the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). What will the nurse explain is the premise of using IABP?

The IABP is reducing the workload of the heart during the shock period.

A nurse is caring for a client with pericarditis and auscultates a pericardial friction rub. What action does the nurse ask the client to do to distinguish a pericardial friction rub from a pleural friction rub?

The nurse asks the client to hold the breath during auscultation.

The nurse understands that which of the following medications will be administered to the client for 6 to 12 weeks following prosthetic porcine valve surgery?

Warfarin

The nurse is obtaining a history from a client diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. What information obtained from the client is indicative of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

a parent has the same disorder

A client is diagnosed with pericarditis. What symptom will be the nurse's priority for treatment?

acute pain

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage cardiomyopathy and the client's spouse asks the nurse to clarify one of the last treatment options available that the health care provider mentioned. What is considered to be one of the last treatments for end-stage cardiomyopathy?

heart transplantation

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with aortic stenosis prescribed digoxin. What clinical manifestation will be the rationale for the medication?

left ventricular dysfunction

A nurse is assigned to the medical intensive care unit. The nurse auscultates a water-hammer pulse. What will the sound resemble?

quick, sharp strokes that suddenly collapse