prep u GI peds
lower right
A 10-year-old male presents with low-grade fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. The nurse examining him suspects appendicitis and checks for rebound tenderness in what quadrant?
prevention of hypoglycemia
A 12-year-old boy has just undergone a liver transplantation and is recovering. After performing a finger stick puncture and assessing the results, the nurse administers a 10% solution of dextrose IV. What is the correct rationale for this intervention?
"Bring the child to the office today so we can evaluate her fluid balance and determine the best treatment."
A 4-month-old has had a fever, vomiting, and loose watery stools every few hours for 2 days. The mother calls the physician's office and asks the nurse what she should do. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
vomiting immediately after feeding
A 6-week-old infant is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. When taking a health history from the parent, which symptom would the expect to hear described?
intussusception
A 9-month-old girl is brought to the emergency room with what appears to be bouts of intense abdominal pain 15 minutes apart in which she draws up her legs and cries, often accompanied by vomiting. In between the bouts, the child recovers and appears to be without symptoms. Blood is found in the stool. What condition should the nurse suspect in this case?
Do not rub or put pressure on the abdomen
A child is admitted with a temperature, 101.2°F (38.4°C); pulse rate 100 beats/min; respirations 24 breaths/min. On admission the pain is localized in right lower quadrant. Legs are drawn up against the abdomen. Bowel sounds are sluggish. Rebound tenderness is present. White blood cell count of 17,000/mm3. Ultrasound confirms appendicitis. Which instruction would the nurse give to the child and the parent?
barium enema
A child is diagnosed with intussusception. The nurse anticipates that what action would be attempted first to reduce this condition?
Antibiotics Vitamin supplements Total parenteral nutrition
A child is diagnosed with short bowel syndrome. What would the nurse expect to be included in the child's plan of care? Select all that apply.
"We should not stop this medication abruptly."
A child is experiencing an acute exacerbation of Crohn disease for which she is prescribed prednisone. The nurse teaches the parents and child about this medication. Which statement by the parents indicates that the teaching was successful?
Detect Helicobacter pylori
A child is scheduled for a urea breath test. The nurse understands that this test is being performed for which reason?
crohn disease
A child presents with intermittent abdominal pain, severe anorexia, and diarrhea. The child's height and weight is significantly behind standards for age. There is skin breakdown in the anal region. The nurse explains that this presentation is consistent with which diagnosis?
urine specific gravity of 1.008
A child weighing 10 kg is admitted with severe vomiting for the past 3 days. The nurse writes a nursing diagnosis of Risk for deficient fluid volume related to vomiting. When the nurse reassesses the child, which outcomes would indicate the effectiveness of the treatment plan? Select all that apply.
gastroenteritis
A father brings Jacob, age 2, to the health clinic with complaints of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The father tells the nurse that he is a single parent and Jacob is enrolled in a local daycare center. Based on this information, what gastrointestinal condition might the nurse suspect?
acute upper GI bleeding
A mother brings her 3-year-old son to the ER and tells the triage nurse that he has been vomiting blood. A medical history determines that the 3-year-old has no history of GI disturbances and his only symptoms are a slightly elevated fever and vomiting bright red blood. Based on these symptoms, what condition might the nurse suspect?
only occurs with feeding
A mother calls the doctor's office and tells the nurse that she is concerned because her 4-month-old keeps "spitting up" with every feeding. What would indicate that the child is regurgitating as opposed to vomiting?
pyloric stenosis
A mother is alarmed because her 6-week-old boy has begun vomiting almost immediately after every feeding. In the past week, the vomiting has grown more forceful, with the vomit projecting several feet from his mouth. He is always hungry again just after vomiting. At the physician's office, the nurse holds the child and gives him a bottle of water. While he drinks, she notes an olive-size lump in his right abdomen. Which condition should the nurse suspect in this child?
Hirschsprung disease
A neonatal nurse teaches students how to recognize gastrointestinal disorders in infants. The nurse tells the students that failure of the newborn to pass meconium in the first 24 hours after birth may indicate what disease?
"My daughter can eat any kind of fruit."
A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl recently diagnosed with celiac disease and is discussing dietary restrictions with the girl's mother. Which response indicates a need for further teaching?
Esophageal atresia (EA)
A nurse taking a health history of a newborn notes that there is a maternal history of polyhydramnios. What GI condition might this history precipitate?
pancreatitis
A parent brings a 10-year-old child to the emergency room with reports of abdominal pain. The nurse performing a physical assessment notes the following symptoms: upper right quadrant pain that radiates to the back; fever; nausea; and abdominal distention. Which disease would the nurse suspect?
"The surgery creates an opening between the stomach and abdominal wall."
A physician recommends a gastrostomy for a 4-year-old client with an obstruction. The parents ask the certified wound, ostomy, and continence nurse (CWOCN) what the surgery entails. What is the nurse's best response?
Normal to hyperactive bowel sounds early Hypoactive bowel sounds with perforation Irritation and pain in the right lower quadrant Low-grade fever, nausea, anorexia, and vomiting
A school-aged child is brought to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. The nurse performs a physical assessment. Which assessment parameters indicate appendicitis? Select all that apply.
gastroesophageal reflux disease.
An 18-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms. The infant is diagnosed with pneumonia secondary to aspiration of stomach contents. The nurse explains to the parents that pneumonia is a condition that often occurs secondary to:
Strict enforcement of standard precautions
An adolescent has hepatitis B. What would be the most important nursing action?
the adolescent will become fatigued easily
An adolescent is diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which problem should be considered when planning care?
prepare the infant for surgery
In caring for an infant diagnosed with pyloric stenosis the nurse would anticipate which intervention?
steatorrhea
The caregiver of a child diagnosed with celiac disease tells the nurse that the child has large amounts of bulky stools and what looks like fat in the stools. The clinical manifestation this caregiver is describing is:
"I will use syrup of ipecac to get it out of my child's system."
The client calls the health care provider's office stating that her preschooler drank laundry detergent from under the sink. Which statement by the parent needs further instruction?
Prepare the child for admission to the hospital
The emergency department nurse is assessing a child who has presented with a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting with pain that is isolated to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which action is most appropriate?
Abdominal distention Absence of stool in the rectum Enterocolitis Bilious vomiting
The health care provider prescribes an abdominal radiograph for a newborn to check for Hirschsprung disease. The nurse examines the newborn and finds which symptoms that are indicative of this disease? Select all that apply.
Encourage the mother to provide care for her infant.
The mother of a newborn with a cleft lip reports she is having a hard time looking her baby. What is the best action by the nurse?
"It's not unusual for a fungal infection to occur while taking an antibiotic for an infection. I will let your primary care provider know so we can get it treated."
The mother of a young child, who has been treated for a bacterial urinary tract infection, tells the nurse her daughter has a white thick covering over her tongue. The mother states that she "has tried everything to get it off my child's tongue." How should the nurse respond?
"I understand your concern. I will be sure to document this in your child's medical record and report this information to your child's physician immediately."
The mother of an infant tells the nurse during a routine visit to the clinic that she often notices a bulging mass in the lower abdominal and groin area when her baby cries. She asks the nurse if this is normal. How should the nurse respond?
The newborn coughed excessively during attempts to feed. Coarse crackles were auscultated throughout all lung fields. X-ray revealed that the nasogastric tube was coiled in the upper esophagus.
The newborn was diagnosed with esophageal atresia and a nasogastric tube was inserted. Which finding is most consistent with this condition?
"The stools of the infant are called currant jelly stools and consist of blood and mucus."
The novice nurse is discussing the diagnosis of intussusception with a group of peers. What statement demonstrates the nurse's appropriate understanding regarding this disorder?
painless rectal bleeding
The nurse caring for an 18-month-old infant with Meckel diverticulum knows that the most common clinical manifestation of this condition is:
Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn disease Ulcerative colitis
The nurse examining an infant forms the following diagnosis: "Risk for impaired skin integrity related to effects of diarrhea." This diagnosis would be appropriate for which disease states? Select all that apply.
"I have to be careful because I am prone to not absorbing nutrients."
The nurse has performed client teaching to a 15-year-old boy with Crohn disease, and his parents, regarding the cobblestone lesions in his small intestine. Which comment by the family indicates learning occurred?
tenting of skin
The nurse is assessing a 10-day-old infant for dehydration. Which finding indicates severe dehydration?
the child has a temperature
The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old child with Crohn disease. A primary assessment the nurse would want to make when caring for the child would be to note if:
"You will most likely have a blood test to check for certain antibodies."
The nurse is caring for a 13-year-old girl with suspected autoimmune hepatitis. The girl inquires about the testing required to evaluate the condition. How should the nurse respond?
"I can tape a quarter over the hernia to reduce it."
The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old boy with an umbilical hernia and is teaching the mother about this condition. Which response from the mother indicates a need for further teaching?
"Offer 'magic mouthwash' followed by a popsicle."
The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old with oral vesicles and ulcers from herpangina. The child is refusing fluids due to the pain and the mother is concerned about his hydration status. Which of the suggestions would be most appropriate?
The patches are light in color on the tongue.
The nurse is caring for a 6-month-old girl with diarrhea and dehydration. The mother is concerned because the girl has some patches on her tongue. Which feature indicates a geographic tongue rather than thrush?
take a stool culture
The nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant who was admitted to the emergency room 24 hours ago with signs of severe diarrhea. The infant's rectal temperature is 104°F (40°C), with weak and rapid pulse and respirations. The skin is pale and cool. The child is on IV rehydration therapy, but the diarrhea is persisting. The infant has not voided since being admitted. Which is the priority nursing intervention?
projectile vomiting
The nurse is caring for a child admitted with pyloric stenosis. Which clinical manifestation would likely have been noted in the child with this diagnosis?
"I cannot imagine what you are going through. We are here to support and educate you on your child's condition and treatments."
The nurse is caring for a child following surgery due to a motor vehicle accident. The child suffered extensive damage to the small intestine resulting in short bowel syndrome. The parents voice concern to the nurse that their child will "never be the same." Which is the best response by the
improving hydration
The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis during the preoperative phase of the child's treatment. What is the highest priority at this time?
PO pain management
The nurse is caring for a teenager diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which order would the nurse question?
older toys that are painted drinking water storage of beverages from earthenware lead contained in the soil
The nurse is caring for a toddler whose blood study came back with an above normal level of lead. The parent is upset and states, "I don't know how this is happening; we live in a newer house." Which are areas where a toddler can find exposure to lead? Select all that apply.
"I will add the nystatin to her bottle four times per day."
The nurse is caring for an infant recently diagnosed with thrush and was prescribed nystatin. Which statement by the infant's mother would suggest a need for further education?
"Tell me about the types of stools you child has been having."
The nurse is collecting data on a 2-year-old child admitted with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. When interviewing the caregivers, which question is most important for the nurse to ask?
A sausage-shaped mass in the upper midabdomen
The nurse is conducting a physical examination of an 18-month-old with suspected intussusception. Which finding would the nurse identify as the hallmark of this condition?
Hard, moveable "olive-like mass" in the upper right quadrant
The nurse is conducting a physical examination of an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which finding indicates pyloric stenosis?
Keeping the child upright for 30 minutes after feeding Giving the child small frequent feedings Administering prokinetics to empty the stomach quickly
The nurse is developing a teaching plan for the parents of an 11-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The child will be managed medically. What actions would the nurse incorporate into the teaching plan? Select all that apply.
"The treatment for the disorder will be a surgical procedure."
The nurse is discussing the treatment of congenital aganglionic megacolon with the caregivers of a child diagnosed with this disorder. Which statement is the best explanation of the treatment for this diagnosis?
bananas
The nurse is doing dietary teaching with the caregivers of a child diagnosed with idiopathic celiac disease. Of the following foods, which would most likely be appropriate in the child's diet?
Right side lying Supine
The nurse is positioning an infant who has just had his left-sided cleft lip repaired. What positions are acceptable for this infant? Select all that apply.
"This means the hernia contents will be manipulated back into your peritoneal cavity during surgery."
The nurse is preparing a client for surgery and the client asks, "What does it mean when they say they are going to reduce my abdominal hernia?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
on their abdomen with knees bent
The nurse is preparing to administer an enema to a toddler. How should she position the child?
7 to 14 days
The nurse is providing care to a child who has had an appendectomy for a perforated appendix. The nurse would anticipate intravenous antibiotic therapy for how long?
"She loves hot dogs, and we always cut hers up into small pieces."
The nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with the caregiver of a child diagnosed with celiac syndrome. The caregivers make the following statements. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching regarding the dietary restrictions for the child with celiac syndrome?
mother age 42 with pregnancy
The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a child with a cleft lip and palate. When reviewing the child's history, what would the nurse identify as a risk factor for this condition?
"Babies with esophageal atresia have an inability to swallow amniotic fluid causing the excess buildup."
The nurse is talking with a woman who is in her 2nd trimester of pregnancy who has been diagnosed with polyhdyramnios. The physician has ordered an ultrasound be performed to check for the presence of esophageal atresia. Which statement by the woman indicates an understanding of the relationship between these conditions?
In this disorder the sphincter that leads into the stomach is relaxed.
The nurse is teaching an in-service program to a group of nurses on the topic of gastrointestinal disorders. The nurses in the group make the following statements. Which statement is most accurate related to the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux?
"Call the doctor immediately if the stoma is not pink/red and moist."
The nurse is teaching the mother of an infant with a temporary ileostomy about stoma care. What is the most important instruction to emphasize to the mother to avoid an emergency situation?
Apply a urine bag to the anal area
The nurse is to obtain a stool specimen from a 4-year-old child who has very liquid stool. The child is ambulatory but weak. Which collection method would be most effective for the nurse to use?
Ask the parents if they have any questions regarding the care of their child.
The nurse observes the interactions of parents with their infant who was born with a cleft lip. The mother is attempting to feed the baby, but does not make eye contact. The father is watching television with his back turned to the mother and baby. What psychosocial nursing intervention would be most helpful to this family?
occurs with feeding no appearance of distress
The nurse teaches a parent to differentiate between regurgitation and vomiting in the infant. The parent correctly states which characteristic of regurgitation? Select all that apply.
moderately dehydrated
The parents of a 6-month-old have brought their child to the emergency department with vomiting and diarrhea for the past 3 days. The report the child as being very lethargic today. During the assessment the nurse notes decreased skin turgor, delayed capillary refill, and pale, slightly dry skin. Based on the objective and subjective data, what does the nurse determine the child to be?
"I will make sure there is plenty of orange juice available. It's her favorite juice."
The student nurse is caring for a child with the nursing diagnosis "Risk for fluid volume deficit related to inadequate oral intake". Which statement by the student would indicate a need for further education by the nursing instructor?
"Symptoms of celiac disease include diarrhea, steatorrhea, anemia, and dental disorders." "The only treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet." "Gluten is found in most wheat products, rye, barley and possibly oats."
The student nurse is preparing a presentation on celiac disease. What information should be included? Select all apply.
There is a partial or complete mechanical obstruction in the intestine.
What occurs in the gastrointestinal system of the child with Hirschsprung disease?
vomiting
Which assessment finding would suggest that a child's postoperative feeding schedule following pyloric stenosis surgery should be slowed?
