Prep U Hepatic disorders

The nurse is administering medications to a client that has elevated ammonia due to cirrhosis of the liver. What medication will the nurse give to detoxify ammonium and to act as an osmotic agent? Spironolactone Cholestyramine Lactulose Kanamycin

Lactulose

Which is the most common cause of esophageal varices? Jaundice Portal hypertension Ascites Asterixis

Portal hypertension

A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? "How did this happen? I've been faithful my entire marriage." "I'll be very careful when preparing food for my family." "I'll wash my hands often." "I'll take all my medications as ordered."

"How did this happen? I've been faithful my entire marriage."

A student accepted into a nursing program must begin receiving the hepatitis B series of injections. The student asks when the next two injections should be administered. What is the best response by the instructor? "You must have the second one in 2 weeks and the third in 1 month." "You must have the second one in 1 month and the third in 6 months." "You must have the second one in 6 months and the third in 1 year." "You must have the second one in 1 year and the third the following year."

"You must have the second one in 1 month and the third in 6 months."

A nurse is taking health history data from a client. Use of which of the following medications would especially alert the nurse to an increased risk of hepatic dysfunction and disease in this client? Select all that apply. Acetaminophen Ketoconazole Valproic acid Diazepam Insulin

Acetaminophen Ketoconazole Valproic acid

Which term is used to describe a chronic liver disease in which scar tissue surrounds the portal areas? Alcoholic cirrhosis Postnecrotic cirrhosis Biliary cirrhosis Compensated cirrhosis

Alcoholic cirrhosis

The single modality of pharmacologic therapy for chronic type B viral hepatitis is: Alpha-interferon Hepsera Epivir Baraclude

Alpha-interferon

The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver and observes that the patient is having hand-flapping tremors. What does the nurse document this finding as? Constructional apraxia Fetor hepaticus Ataxia Asterixis

Asterixis

When assessing a client with cirrhosis of the liver, which of the following stool characteristics is the client likely to report? Yellow-green Black and tarry Blood tinged Clay-colored or whitish

Clay-colored or whitish

A nurse is caring for a client with cholelithiasis. Which sign indicates obstructive jaundice? Straw-colored urine Reduced hematocrit Clay-colored stools Elevated urobilinogen in the urine

Clay-colored stools

Which nursing assessment is most important in a client diagnosed with ascites? Assessment of the oral cavity for foul-smelling breath Daily measurement of weight and abdominal girth Auscultation of abdomen Palpation of abdomen for a fluid shift

Daily measurement of weight and abdominal girth

What test should the nurse prepare the client for that will locate stones that have collected in the common bile duct? Colonoscopy Abdominal x-ray Cholecystectomy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Which type of deficiency results in macrocytic anemia? Folic acid Vitamin C Vitamin A Vitamin K

Folic acid

A nursing student is reviewing for an upcoming anatomy and physiology examination. Which of the following would the student correctly identify as a function of the liver? Select all that apply. Glucose metabolism Ammonia conversion Protein metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism Zinc storage

Glucose metabolism Ammonia conversion Protein metabolism

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group about hepatitis. Which of the following would the nurse include? Hepatitis B is transmitted primarily by the oral-fecal route. Hepatitis A is frequently spread by sexual contact. Hepatitis C increases a person's risk for liver cancer. Infection with hepatitis G is similar to hepatitis A.

Hepatitis C increases a person's risk for liver cancer.

A mother brings her teenage son to the clinic, where tests show that he has hepatitis A virus (HAV). They ask the nurse how this could have happened. Which of the following explanations would the nurse correctly identify as possible causes? Select all that apply. Infection at school Suboptimal sanitary habits Consumption of sewage-contaminated water or shellfish Sexual activity Ingestion of undercooked beef

Infection at school Suboptimal sanitary habits Consumption of sewage-contaminated water or shellfish Sexual activity

A client is being prepared to undergo laboratory and diagnostic testing to confirm the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Which test would the nurse expect to be used to provide definitive confirmation of the disorder? Coagulation studies Magnetic resonance imaging Radioisotope liver scan Liver biopsy

Liver biopsy

A client is scheduled to have a laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an outpatient. The client asks the nurse when he will be able to resume normal activities. What information should the nurse provide? Normal activities may be resumed the day after surgery. Normal activities may be resumed in 1 week. Normal activities may be resumed in 2 weeks. Normal activities may be resumed in 1 month.

Normal activities may be resumed in 1 week.

A client is actively bleeding from esophageal varices. Which medication would the nurse most expect to be administered to this client? Octreotide Spironolactone Propranolol Lactulose

Octreotide

The nurse is teaching a client who was admitted to the hospital with acute hepatic encephalopathy and ascites about an appropriate diet. The nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the client chooses which food choice from the menu? Omelet with green peppers, onions, mushrooms, and cheese with milk Pancakes with butter and honey, and orange juice Ham and cheese sandwich, baked beans, potatoes, and coffee Baked chicken with sweet potato french fries, cornbread, and tea

Pancakes with butter and honey, and orange juice

The nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis. Which assessment findings indicate that the client has deficient vitamin K absorption caused by this hepatic disease? Dyspnea and fatigue Ascites and orthopnea Purpura and petechiae Gynecomastia and testicular atrophy

Purpura and petechiae

A client with cirrhosis has portal hypertension, which is causing esophageal varices. What is the goal of the interventions that the nurse will provide? Cure the cirrhosis. Treat the esophageal varices. Reduce fluid accumulation and venous pressure. Promote optimal neurologic function.

Reduce fluid accumulation and venous pressure.

A nurse assesses a patient diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy. She observes a number of clinical signs, including asterixis and fetor hepaticus; the patient's electroencephalogram (EEG) is abnormal. The nurse documents that the patient is exhibiting signs of which stage of hepatic encephalopathy? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Stage 4

Which of the following liver function studies is used to show the size of abdominal organs and the presence of masses? Ultrasonography Magnetic resonance imaging Angiography Electroencephalogram

Ultrasonography

Which of the following is the most effective strategy to prevent hepatitis B infection? Vaccine Barrier protection during intercourse Covering open sores Avoid sharing toothbrushes

Vaccine

A client has just been diagnosed with hepatitis A. On assessment, the nurse expects to note: severe abdominal pain radiating to the shoulder. anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. eructation and constipation. abdominal ascites.

anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.

A nurse educator is providing an in-service to a group of nurses working on a medical floor that specializes in liver disorders. What is an important education topic regarding ingestion of medications? metabolism of medications need for increased drug dosages need for more frequently divided doses medications becoming ineffective in clients with liver disease

metabolism of medications

What is the recommended dietary treatment for a client with chronic cholecystitis? low-fat diet high-fiber diet low-residue diet low-protein diet

low-fat diet

When caring for a client with advanced cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy, which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately? Weight loss of 2 pounds in 3 days Change in the client's handwriting and/or cognitive performance Anorexia for more than 3 days Constipation for more than 2 days

Change in the client's handwriting and/or cognitive performance The earliest symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include mental status changes and motor disturbances. The client will appear confused and unkempt and have altered mood and sleep patterns. Neurologic status should be assessed frequently. Mental status is monitored by the nurse keeping the client's daily record of handwriting and arithmetic performance. The nurse should report any change in mental status immediately. Chronic fatigue, anorexia, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea or constipation with accompanying weight loss are regular symptoms of cirrhosis.

A 33-year-old male patient with a history of IV heroin and cocaine use has been admitted to the medical unit for the treatment of endocarditis. The nurse should recognize that this patient is also likely to test positive for which of the following hepatitis viruses? Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D

Hepatitis C

The nurse is preparing to interview a client with cirrhosis. Based on an understanding of this disorder, which question would be most important to include? "Have you had an infection recently?" "Does your work expose you to chemicals?" "How often do you drink alcohol?" "What type of over-the-counter pain reliever do you use?"

"How often do you drink alcohol?"

The nurse identifies which type of jaundice in an adult experiencing a transfusion reaction? Hemolytic Hepatocellular Obstructive Nonobstructive

Hemolytic

A client has an elevated serum ammonia concentration and is exhibiting changes in mental status. The nurse should suspect which condition? Hepatic encephalopathy Portal hypertension Asterixis Cirrhosis

Hepatic encephalopathy

A physician orders spironolactone (Aldactone), 50 mg by mouth four times daily, for a client with fluid retention caused by cirrhosis. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect? Serum potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L Loss of 2.2 lb (1 kg) in 24 hours Serum sodium level of 135 mEq/L Blood pH of 7.25

Loss of 2.2 lb (1 kg) in 24 hours

Clients with chronic liver dysfunction have problems with insufficient vitamin intake. Which may occur as a result of vitamin C deficiency? Night blindness Hypoprothrombinemia Scurvy Beriberi

Scurvy

Ammonia, the major etiologic factor in the development of encephalopathy, inhibits neurotransmission. Increased levels of ammonia are damaging to the body. The largest source of ammonia is from: The digestion of dietary and blood proteins. Excessive diuresis and dehydration. Severe infections and high fevers. Excess potassium loss subsequent to prolonged use of diuretics.

The digestion of dietary and blood proteins.

A client with severe and chronic liver disease is showing manifestations related to inadequate vitamin intake and metabolism. He reports difficulty driving at night because he cannot see well. Which of the following vitamins is most likely deficient for this client? Vitamin A Thiamine Riboflavin Vitamin K

Vitamin A

A client with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following should a nurse administer to the client before surgery? Potassium Vitamin K Vitamin B Oral bile acids

Vitamin K

Which symptoms will a nurse observe most commonly in clients with pancreatitis? severe, radiating abdominal pain black, tarry stools and dark urine increased and painful urination increased appetite and weight gain

severe, radiating abdominal pain