Prep U Mastery Ch.66- Management of Patients with Neurologic Dysfunction

A client is receiving intravenous (IV) mannitol to prevent increased intracranial pressure. The order is for mannitol 1.5 grams per kg of body weight IV now. The client weighs 143 lbs (65 kg). How many grams will the nurse administer to the client? Enter the correct number ONLY.

97.5

A nurse is working in the neurologic intensive care unit and admits from the emergency department a patient with an inoperable brain tumor. Upon entering the room, the nurse observes that the patient is positioned like the person in part B of the accompanying image. Which posturing is the patient exhibiting? A. Flaccidity B. Decerebrate C. Tonic clonic D. Decorticate

B. Decerebrate

A client suffered a closed head injury in a motor vehicle collision, and an ICP monitor was inserted. In the occurrence of increased ICP, what physiologic function contributes to the increase in intracranial pressure? A. vasoconstriction B. vasodilation C. increased PaO D. hypertension

B. vasodilation

A nurse is preparing to administer an antiseizure medication to a client. Which of the following is an appropriate antiseizure medication? A. Lamisil B. Labetalol C. Lamictal D. Lomotil

C. Lamictal

A nurse is assessing a client who has been in a motor vehicle collision. The client directly and accurately answers questions. The nurse notes a contusion to the client's forehead; the client reports a headache. Assessing the client's pupils, what reaction would confirm increasing intracranial pressure? A. rapid response B. equal response C. constricted response D. unequal response

D. unequal response

An older client complains of a constant headache. A physical examination shows papilledema. What may the symptoms indicate in this client? A. Brain tumor B. Hypostatic pneumonia C. Epilepsy D. Trigeminal neuralgia

A. Brain tumor

The nurse is educating a patient with a seizure disorder. What nutritional approach for seizure management would be beneficial for this patient? A. High in protein and low in carbohydrate B. Restricts protein to 10% of daily caloric intake C. At least 50% carbohydrate D. Low in fat

A. High in protein and low in carbohydrate

When educating a patient about the use of antiseizure medication, what should the nurse inform the patient is a result of long-term use of the medication in women? A. Osteoporosis B. Obesity C. Anemia D. Osteoarthritis

A. Osteoporosis

Which positions is used to help reduce intracranial pressure (ICP)? A. Keeping the head flat, avoiding the use of a pillow B. Extreme hip flexion, with the hip supported by pillows C. Rotating the neck to the far right with neck support D. Avoiding flexion of the neck with use of a cervical collar

D. Avoiding flexion of the neck with use of a cervical collar

Which is the earliest sign of increasing intracranial pressure? A. Vomiting B. Headache C. Posturing D. Change in level of consciousness

D. Change in level of consciousness

A nurse is assessing a patient's urinary output as an indicator of diabetes insipidus. The nurse knows that an hourly output of what volume over 2 hours may be a positive indicator? A. 50 to 100 mL/h B. 100 to 150 mL/h C. 150 to 200 mL/h D. More than 200 mL/h

D. More than 200 mL/h

An osmotic diuretic such as mannitol is given to the client with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) to A. control fever. B. reduce cellular metabolic demand. C. control shivering. D. dehydrate the brain and reduce cerebral edema.

D. dehydrate the brain and reduce cerebral edema.

A client weighing 132 lb is brought to the emergency department in status epilepticus. The physician asks the nurse to prepare diazepam 0.25 mg/kg. How many milligrams will be given to this client?

15

A client with neurologic infection develops cerebral edema from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which is an important nursing action for this client? A. Hyperoxygenation before and after tracheal suctioning B. Restricting fluid intake and hydration C. Administering prescribed antipyretics D. Maintaining adequate hydration

B. Restricting fluid intake and hydration

A nurse is working on a neurological unit with a nursing student who asks the difference between primary and secondary headaches. The nurse's correct response will include which of the following statements? A. "A migraine headache is an example of a secondary headache." B. "A secondary headache is one for which no organic cause can be identified." C. "A secondary headache is associated with an organic cause, such as a brain tumor." D. "A secondary headache is located in the frontal area."

C. "A secondary headache is associated with an organic cause, such as a brain tumor."

The school nurse notes a 6-year-old running across the playground with his friends. The child stops in midstride, freezing for a few seconds. Then the child resumes his progress across the playground. The school nurse suspects what in this child? A. A tonic-clonic seizure B. A myoclonic seizure C. An absence seizure D. A partial seizure

C. An absence seizure

The nurse is aware that burr holes may be used in neurosurgical procedures. Which of the following is a reason why a neurosurgeon may choose to create a burr hole in a patient? A. Access for intravenous (IV) fluids B. Visualization of a hemorrhage C. Aspiration of a brain abscess D. To assess visual acuity

C. Aspiration of a brain abscess

After a seizure, the nurse should place the patient in which of the following positions to prevent complications? A. High Fowler's, to prevent aspiration B. Semi-Fowler's, to promote breathing C. Side-lying, to facilitate drainage of oral secretions D. Supine, to rest the muscles of the extremities

C. Side-lying, to facilitate drainage of oral secretions

A client with epilepsy is having a seizure. What intervention should the nurse do after the seizure? A. Help the client sit up. B. Keep the client on one side. C. Place a cooling blanket beneath the client. D. Pry the client's mouth open to allow a patent airway.

B. Keep the client on one side.