prepu ch 38

What is the typical duration of drug therapy for treatment of an acute infection? a) 7 to 10 days b) 1 to 2 weeks c) 48 to 72 hours d) Until fever and symptoms disappear

a) 7 to 10 days

The nurse is preparing to administer a drug that is bactericidal. The nurse should explain what characteristic of this drug? a) It will directly cause the death of pathogenic cells. b) It is effective in interfering with cell reproduction. c) It is effective against many different organisms. d) It is selective in its action on organisms.

a) It will directly cause the death of pathogenic cells.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a broad spectrum anti-infective agent. What is one unwanted effect of taking a broad spectrum anti-infective agent? a) decrease in inflammation b) decrease in infection c) destruction of pathogens d) destruction of the normal flora

d) destruction of the normal flora

A nurse is caring for a child weighing 30 kg. The physician orders gentamicin (Garamycin) tid for the client. The recommended dosage range is 6 to 7.5 mg/kg/day. Why is it important to give a dosage within this recommended range? (Select all that apply.) a) Prevent overdose in the child. b) Because this microorganism only affects this size child c) To eradicate the bacteria d) So the child gets too much medication e) Give a safe dose for this size child.

a) Prevent overdose in the child. e) Give a safe dose for this size child. c) to eradicate the bacteria

How do bacterial cell walls differ from human cell walls? a) The cell wall of the bacteria does not allow for the absorption of water, which permits the wall to remain intact. b) The cell wall of the bacteria is simple molecules that prevent substances from entering the cell. c) The cell wall of the bacteria is flexible so that the bacteria can enter other cells. d) The cell wall of the bacteria has a low osmotic pressure so that the cell can easily move through the body.

a) The cell wall of the bacteria does not allow for the absorption of water, which permits the wall to remain intact.

Like many other classes of drugs, anti-infective drugs can have a variety of adverse effects. What is the most common, potentially serious, adverse effect of antimicrobial drugs? a) Toxic effects on the kidney b) Skin rash c) Constipation d) Pain

a) Toxic effects on the kidney

A client comes to the clinic reporting mouth sores that appear consistent with an oral yeast infection. The nurse should question the client about recent use of: a) antibiotics. b) oral contraceptive agents. c) antiprotozoals. d) antivirals.

a) antibiotics.

A client is receiving sulfonamide therapy as a treatment for an infection. The nurse understands that this drug acts by: a) preventing the organism's cells from dividing. b) altering the permeability of the cell membrane. c) dissolving the bacterial cell wall. d) interfering with protein synthesis.

a) preventing the organism's cells from dividing.

Antimicrobial drugs are commonly used in the pediatric population. Tetracyclines, however, are contraindicated in children younger than 8 years of age because a) the drugs adversely affect teeth and bones in this population. b) they may cause nephrotoxicty. c) the drugs impair development of weight-bearing joints. d) the effects in this population have not been evaluated.

a) the drugs adversely affect teeth and bones in this population.

A client is to be started on an antibiotic. Which is most important to take into consideration before beginning the antibiotic regimen? a) Duration of symptoms b) Culture and susceptibility c) Client's age and weight d) Client's hydration status

b) Culture and susceptibility

What is the difference between a microbe and a pathogen? a) Microbes have no ability to cause a reaction within the body. b) Pathogens are microbes that can cause a disease. c) Microbes are singular cellular organisms and pathogens are multicellular organisms. d) Microbes are only bacteria, whereas pathogens include viruses and worms.

b) Pathogens are microbes that can cause a disease.

The client has been taking her antibiotic for five days. She tells the nurse that she is now experiencing vaginal itching and discharge. The nurse suspects what has occurred? a) The client is not taking her medications. b) The client has developed a superinfection. c) The client has developed sepsis. d) The client is experiencing an adverse reaction.

b) The client has developed a superinfection.

You are speaking to a group of clients in a public meeting. They ask you to explain the difference between community-acquired infections and nosocomial infections. Your best response is: a) Only drug-resistant strains of staphylococci, Pseudomonas, and Proteus are categorized as nosocomial infections. b) Usually, community-acquired infections are less severe and easier to treat. Nosocomial infections may be more severe and difficult to manage because they often result from drug-resistant microorganisms and occur in people whose immunity is impaired. c) Usually, nosocomial infections are less severe and easier to treat. Community-acquired infections may be more severe and difficult to manage because they often result from drug-resistant microorganisms and occur in people whose immunity is impaired. d) There is no difference between the infection types, they are simply categorized as community-acquired or nosocomial.

b) Usually, community-acquired infections are less severe and easier to treat. Nosocomial infections may be more severe and difficult to manage because they often result from drug-resistant microorganisms and occur in people whose immunity is impaired.

You are working as a nurse educator in the hospital setting. Part of your responsibility includes developing a plan to prevent antibiotic resistance. What is the most important part of your plan? a) Surveillance of staff performing invasive procedures b) Conducting a poster presentation in the cafeteria of the types of isolation used at your facility c) An education campaign that focuses on handwashing between patients d) Providing a flyer to all staff members about the importance of preventing antibiotic resistance

c) An education campaign that focuses on handwashing between patients

A home care nurse is taking care of a client on IV vancomycin for cellulitis of the left calf. How would the nurse explain to the client that microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infectives? a) Teach the client that microorganisms can alter the blood supply to the infection. b) Tell the client that microorganisms can stop the cell from reproducing. c) Inform the client that microorganisms can produce a chemical that acts as an antagonist to the drug. d) Teach the client that microorganisms can produce a chemical that acts as an agonist to the drug.

c) Inform the client that microorganisms can produce a chemical that acts as an antagonist to the drug.

A 4-year-old girl is being treated for an intractable infection. The client is to receive large doses of an anti-infective agent. Which would indicate the client is developing a complication? a) Blood pressure: 100/60 b) Increased restlessness c) Poor skin turgor d) Respirations: 16

c) Poor skin turgor

The client is taking an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection. The client asks how the antibiotic interferes with the growth of bacteria. The nurse explains that the antibiotic has the ability to suppress or kill an infecting microbe without injury to the host. This is referred to as: a) cell-specific immunity. b) host cell reactivity. c) selective toxicity. d) homeostasis.

c) selective toxicity.

Successful treatment with bacteriostatic antibiotics depends upon: a) stopping drug therapy when symptoms have subsided. b) using broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs to treat viral infections. c) the ability of the host's immune system to eliminate the inhibited bacteria and an adequate duration of drug therapy. d) the type of drug-resistant bacterial strains that can reproduce in the presence of antimicrobial drugs.

c) the ability of the host's immune system to eliminate the inhibited bacteria and an adequate duration of drug therapy.

Inappropriate use of antibiotics does all of the following except increase: a) health care costs. b) infections with drug-resistant microorganisms. c) the number of available effective drugs for serious or antibiotic-resistant infections. d) adverse drug effects.

c) the number of available effective drugs for serious or antibiotic-resistant infections.

What would be categorized as an anti-infective agent? a) Anticoagulants b) Anticholinergics c) Anticonvulsants d) Anthelmintics

d) Anthelmintics

The nurse caring for a 24-year-old woman admitted with pneumonia explains how antibiotics work to help cure her pneumonia. Which statement would be correct about how antibiotic therapy works? a) Antibiotics work by increasing protein synthesis. b) Antibiotics work by increasing nucleic acid synthesis. c) Antibiotics work by increasing the cells' metabolic pathways. d) Antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

d) Antibiotics work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

A client is admitted to the hospital with elevated temperature, chills, cough, and fatigue. The physician orders a chest x-ray, which indicates pneumonia. The blood cultures also come back positive for a Gram-negative bacillus. The physician orders two antibiotics to be given to the client, one for Gram-negative organisms and one for Gram-positive organisms. Why does the physician not prescribe just one antibiotic for both types of bacteria? a) There is a cost savings when prescribing narrow-spectrum antibiotics. b) There are not any antibiotics available in the United States that treat both bacteria. c) It is better for the client to be on two medications. d) Broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance.

d) Broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance.

The pathophysiology class is learning how microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective drugs. What is one way the students would learn that microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective drugs? a) By producing an enzyme that stimulates the drug b) By rearranging their DNA to produce membranes that are permeable to the drug c) By changing the cellular membrane to allow the drug entry into the cell d) By altering binding sites on the membrane or ribosomes so that the drug cannot enter the cell

d) By altering binding sites on the membrane or ribosomes so that the drug cannot enter the cell

An elderly man who is a resident of a skilled nursing facility develops methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. What type of infection has this man developed? a) Sustained infection b) Community-acquired c) Postoperative d) Nosocomial infection

d) Nosocomial infection

When looking for the causative organism of a disease process, investigators may look for what sources of infection? a) Combination b) Mono-organism c) Synergistic d) Parasitic

d) Parasitic

A 6-year-old client is prescribed a narrow-spectrum antibiotic. What is meant by "narrow-spectrum antibiotic"? a) The antibiotic dosage needs to be monitored carefully to prevent toxicity. b) The antibiotic can treat both Gram-negative organisms and Gram-positive organisms. c) The antibiotic has little to no effect against pathogens. d) The antibiotic is effective against only a select few pathogens.

d) The antibiotic is effective against only a select few pathogens.

Although the numbers and virulence of microorganisms help determine whether a person acquires an infection, another major factor is: a) continuous antimicrobial treatment of infections. b) the number of effective drugs available for serious or antibiotic-resistant infections. c) infections that tend to recur and involve simple organisms. d) the host's ability to defend itself against the would-be invaders.

d) the host's ability to defend itself against the would-be invaders.