Principles of American Democracy

a court of limited jurisdiction

A child's adoptive parents go to court to finalize the child's adoption. This court would most likely be a court with which jurisdiction? a court of civil jurisdiction a court of original jurisdiction a court of limited jurisdiction a court of general jurisdiction

learning about local issues.

A citizen becomes involved in the policymaking function of local government by obeying local laws. paying local taxes. using the local public library. learning about local issues.

a small group that controls the government.

A junta is defined as a small group that controls the government. a large group that controls business interests. a large group that controls the government. a small group that controls business interests.

With reasonable cause, the officer can stop this individual and frisk him.

A man walking down the street appears to have an illegal weapon. What can a police officer do? The officer must immediately go before a judge to obtain a search warrant. With reasonable cause, the officer can stop this individual and frisk him. With reasonable cause, the officer can arrest the individual without reading the Miranda warning. Nothing. The officer cannot stop anyone based on appearance alone.

caucus.

A meeting of party members to choose a nominee through debate is called a primary. convention. caucus. general election.

state and federal funds.

A local government gets about the same amount of revenue from property, sales, and income taxes as it does from other local fees. state and federal funds. fund-raising events. utility bills.

appeal to a higher federal court.

A losing party in a federal trial court can appeal to the US Supreme Court. appeal to a higher federal court. ask for a retrial in the same court. ask for a different judge in the same court.

refusing to testify against oneself in court.

A reasonable right to privacy can be expected if publishing a blog about a future vacation. speaking out against a proposed state law. publishing personal information on social media. refusing to testify against oneself in court.

an economic crisis.

A result of Salvador Allende's presidency in Chile was the end of military rule. a populist welfare state. an economic boom. an economic crisis.

it requires Congress and the states to work together.

A result of the amendment process is that it requires Congress and the states to work together. it requires Congress and the states to work separately. it requires Congress and the states to recognize people's rights. it forces Congress and the states to respect legal records.

they are usually elected by popular vote.

A similarity between the leaders of state executive and legislative branches is that they serve four year terms of office. they are usually elected by popular vote. they are responsible for making state laws. they have budget-approval responsibilities.

violating the Supremacy Clause.

A state refusing to follow a federal law would be guilty of refusing to amend the Constitution. refusing to ratify Constitutional amendments. violating the Full Faith and Credit Clause. violating the Supremacy Clause.

prisons.

A state's responsibility for public safety includes maintaining colleges. courthouses. prisons. hospitals.

the school is not asking the student to pray.

A student is praying alone in his public school cafeteria before lunch. This activity is acceptable according to the establishment clause because prayer is not allowed in government places. other students might feel pressured to pray. the school is not asking the student to pray. daily prayer is held at some public schools.

trial by jury

During criminal cases, what is guaranteed by the Constitution? media coverage trial by jury an experienced lawyer a panel of justices

Western Europe.

During the colonial era, most immigrants to the United States came from Eastern Europe. Western Europe. Northern Asia. Southern Asia.

the local council in each Russian city.

During the early 1900s, the term "soviet" was initially the name for the provisional government of Russia. the local council in each Russian city. a member of the Bolsheviks in Russia. a worker during communist rule in Russia.

restrict the freedom of assembly.

Edwards v. South Carolina is significant because it limited states' ability to protect protestors. restrict the freedom of assembly. convict criminals. restrict the freedom of the press.

Access to an attorney

According to the Gideon v. Wainwright case, what was Gideon denied during his court proceedings ? Access to a fair trial Access to a jury Access to an attorney Access to his accuser's identity

The protestors supported an unpopular view.

According to the Supreme Court, which of these most likely prompted the arrest of the protesters in Edwards v. South Carolina? The protestors supported an unpopular view. The protesters assembled in front of the statehouse. The protesters were a threat to public safety. The protesters marched without a permit.

a lawyer.

All persons have the right to be represented by counsel, also known as a judge. a jury. a lawyer. a friend.

Congress and state legislatures.

Amendments to the Constitution can be proposed by the president and vice president. Congress and state legislatures. the president and the Supreme Court. Congress and the Supreme Court.

secular, neutral, and free of entanglement.

An activity passes the "Lemon Test" if it is not secular, biased, or entangled. secular, biased, and free of entanglement. secular, neutral, and free of entanglement. not secular, neutral, or free of entanglement.

is suggested by the Constitution, but not specifically stated.

An implied power is one that is clearly outlined in the Constitution. gives the Supreme Court power to revise the Constitution. overrules the wording of the Constitution. is suggested by the Constitution, but not specifically stated.

Supremacy Clause.

An important part of Article VI in the Constitution is the Full Faith and Credit Clause. Supremacy Clause. Privileges and Immunities Clause. Enslaved Persons Clause.

inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights before questioning them.

As a result of the Miranda decision, police must now issue warrants before arresting a suspect. inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights before questioning them. inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights after questioning them. seize any evidence that might be used to convict a suspect.

redraw voting districts that are roughly equal in population.

As a result of the Supreme Court decision in Baker v. Carr, courts can require states to keep voting districts the same even if the population changes. change the number of voting districts within the state. appoint government officials if voting districts are unfair. redraw voting districts that are roughly equal in population.

committed human rights violations.

As president of Chile, Augusto Pinochet improved business and the economy. committed human rights violations. increased populist programs. stopped human rights violations.

determined which jobs workers would hold and where workers would live.

As the Bolsheviks took control of the Soviet economy, they determined which jobs workers would hold and where workers would live. took land from peasants and gave it to members of the upper class. shipped grain and other food products from the cities to peasants. allowed businesses to decide prices and let workers set wages.

Both hear cases from lower courts.

How are state and federal appellate courts similar? Both hear cases from lower courts. Both have judges and juries. Both hear civil cases only. Both hear all cases brought to them.

Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.

How are the Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade cases similar? Both were based on the Fifth Amendment. Both were decided by the same justices. Both were challenging enumerated rights. Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.

Both have appellate courts.

How are the federal judicial branch and most state judicial branches similar? Both have local courts. Both have appellate courts. The judges are all appointed by the president. The judges are all elected by the citizens.

State laws can ensure fair access for voters to registration and polling places.

How can effective state laws best support a fair election process? State laws can ensure fair access for voters to registration and polling places. State laws can prohibit political speech if it is considered controversial. State laws can restrict voting rights if the government has a good reason. State laws can benefit some people and hurt others to keep an election fair.

by turning off faucets when they are not using them by fixing leaky appliances by using energy-efficient appliances by recycling water

How can people conserve water? Check all that apply. by carpooling to school or work by turning off faucets when they are not using them by using drinkable water to wash cars by fixing leaky appliances by using energy-efficient appliances by recycling water

by conserving energy by keeping fireplaces clean by using alternate energy resources by using public transportation

How can people reduce air pollution? Check all that apply. by conserving energy by keeping fireplaces clean by reducing runoff from their property by conserving water by using alternate energy resources by using public transportation

by seizing control of new land

How did Benito Mussolini attempt to increase Italy's power? by creating new jobs and industries by forging alliances with African nations by seizing control of new land by spreading his ideology through Europe

Santa Anna, Benito Juarez, and Porfirio Diaz.

In chronological order, Mexico's leaders after its independence in 1821 and before its revolution in 1910 were Porfirio Diaz, Benito Juarez, and Santa Anna. Santa Anna, Benito Juarez, and Porfirio Diaz. Benito Juarez, Porfirio Diaz, and Lázaro Cárdenas. Santa Anna, Benito Juarez, and Lázaro Cárdenas.

what the majority of the citizens want.

In a democracy, government gets its power from what the majority of the citizens want. the president or prime minister. Congress or Parliament. what the minority of the citizens want.

all citizens

In a direct democracy, who votes on government policy? senators all citizens representatives only democrats

vote for a nominee themselves, not through a delegate.

In a direct primary, voters select a nominee through a delegate. debate as a group to nominate a candidate. vote for a nominee themselves, not through a delegate. vote for their candidate of choice in the general election.

divided between the national government and the states.

In a federal system of government, power is divided between the national government and the states. held by one person who makes all the decisions. held by a central government that makes decisions. divided equally between all state governments.

from lower courts.

In a state's judicial branch, the supreme court hears appeals from higher courts. from lower courts. from federal appellate courts. from federal circuit courts.

juries

In a trial, who hears evidence and offers a verdict? juries witnesses police counsel

held by a central government.

In a unitary system of government, power is held by state governments. held by a central government. held by a single person. held by a group of people.

Japan

In addition to Spain and the United States, which nation controlled the Philippines for a time? Japan China Indonesia Burma

caucus or a convention.

In addition to a primary, political parties can nominate candidates for general election through a petition or a vote of party leaders. caucus or a convention. signature drive or a public rally. referendum or a ballot initiative.

in healthcare and education.

In addition to factory work, many women in the USSR were employed as government officials. in finance and management. in healthcare and education. as secret police and interrogators.

Enslaved Persons Clause.

In addition to the Privileges and Immunities Clause, Article IV, Section 2 includes the Advice and Consent Clause. Enslaved Persons Clause. Federal Approval Clause. State Approval Clause.

He holds all the power.

In an autocracy, what kind of power does the leader hold? He holds all the power. He holds limited power as an appointee. He is one of a group that holds power. He is only a figurehead.

exhibiting favoritism toward the Kikuyu people.

Jomo Kenyatta caused discontent during his rule in Kenya by becoming a member of the pan-African movement. exhibiting favoritism toward the Kikuyu people. leading the Kenyan African Nationalist Union. encouraging election fraud to help him stay in office.

unite the country and make it strong.

Joseph Stalin believed he needed absolute authority in the USSR in order to maintain peace with the rest of Europe. implement change without using violence. unite the country and make it strong. bring the Communist Party into power.

a lower court made an error in a case.

Judges in federal appellate courts determine whether a case should be heard in federal court. a defendant is innocent or guilty. a lower court made an error in a case. a case should go to the Supreme Court.

legal and ethical standards.

Lobbyists are required to follow strict state voting laws. restrictions on free speech. tax regulations on income. legal and ethical standards.

public safety

Local governments provide different services. Under which category of services do firefighters fall? zoning education public safety infrastructure

Romney won the most delegates in the race for the 2012 nomination.

Look at the bar graph, which shows the race for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012. Which of these statements best describes the information presented by the graph? Romney had more success in states with caucuses, not primaries. Paul, Gingrich, and Santorum combined won more delegates than Romney. Santorum's strategy should have been to run in more primaries. Romney won the most delegates in the race for the 2012 nomination.

The less one earns, the less likely one is to vote.

Look at the bar graph, which shows voter turnout in one election year. Which is the best conclusion someone can draw from this graph? All income groups vote at roughly the same percentage. The less one earns, the less likely one is to vote. Middle-income people vote at higher rates than other Americans. Income has very little to do with voter turnout.

Most young voters favor Democratic candidates.

Look at the bar graph. What is the best conclusion that someone can draw about the youth vote in recent presidential elections? The same number of youth voted in 2008 as in 2012. Most young voters favor Republican candidates. Most young voters favor Democratic candidates. Young voters represent most of the electorate.

Voter Turnout, 2006-2012

Look at the bar graph. Which would be the best title for this graph? Voter Turnout, 2006-2012 Presidential Winners and Losers Presidential Election Years, 2006-2012 Number of US Voters

2008 and 2012 were presidential election years.

Look at the information in this bar graph. Based on this graph, what conclusion can someone draw? Voters were not interested in the issues in 2008. 2008 and 2012 were presidential election years. The majority of Americans vote in every election. Women boycotted the polls in 2010.

States with same-day registration had a higher voter turnout than states without same-day registration.

Look at the table, which shows that while some states allow same-day voter registration, others do not. What conclusion can best be drawn from the information in the table? More states offered same-day registration than states that did not. States with same-day registration had a higher voter turnout than states without same-day registration. More voters cast ballots in 2008 than in 2012, no matter what their state's registration policy. Voter turnout was much the same in states with and without same-day registration.

Voters are more likely to participate in a presidential election than in a primary.

Look at the table. What conclusion do the data in the table support? Voters are more likely to participate in a presidential election than in a primary. Texas and Florida have the same number of Republican voters. Voters are more likely to participate in a primary than in a presidential election. California has more Republicans than New York.

Both parties are dependent on raising huge sums of money to fund their House campaigns.

Look at this graph, showing funding for campaigns for election to the House of Representatives, 2011-2012. What is the most logical conclusion that can be drawn from this graph? Both parties are dependent on raising huge sums of money to fund their House campaigns. PAC spending is not a significant factor when it comes to raising money for House campaigns. The Democrats will always raise more money for House campaigns from individuals than the Republicans will. Campaign funding laws have reduced the amount of money needed to fund House campaigns.

Party 1

Look at this map of an imaginary state that has been redistricted. Based on this map, what conclusion can someone draw about who was most likely in charge of the redistricting? Party 1 Party 2 neither party the federal government

Benito Juarez.

Mexico experienced a series of liberal reforms in the 1860s instituted by Santa Anna. Benito Juarez. Porfirio Diaz. Lázaro Cárdenas.

protecting the right to strike.

Mexico's Constitution of 1917 helped the working class by forcing businesses to pay a living wage. improving education in rural areas. protecting the right to strike. restricting employment of foreigners.

1985

Military rule ended in Brazil in _____. 1985 1990 1995 2000

a judge and jury.

Courts of general jurisdiction typically have a judge and jury. a judge only. a jury only. a panel of judges.

expressed powers.

Declaring war and coining money are considered states' rights. implied powers. national rights. expressed powers.

totalitarian

Dictators of _____ states use terror and violence to control their populations. totalitarian democratic socialist libertarian

labor and resources.

European nations benefited from African colonies' labor and resources. industries and artisans. established trade routes. well-trained military.

limitations help to ensure the wealthy are less influential.

One reason some argue that campaign financing should be restricted is because supporting a candidate is considered free speech. the Constitution limits the influence of citizens on elections. limitations help to ensure the wealthy are less influential. restrictions allow for greater influence by fewer corporations.

the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case for the first time.

Original jurisdiction refers to the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case for the first time. the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case from a lower court. a lower court's authority to hear a case from the executive branch. a lower court's authority to hear a case from the legislative branch.

the police do not become powerful at the expense of citizens' rights.

Protections are guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to ensure that police officers have more rights than suspected criminals. the police do not become powerful at the expense of citizens' rights. judges can work with the police to keep suspected criminals in jail. citizens do not become more powerful than the police.

may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant.

The Supreme Court's decisions in Terry v. Ohio (1967) and Horton v. California (1990) both held that the police may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant. must never, even with reasonable cause, carry out a stop and frisk. must always have a warrant to seize evidence, even if it is in plain view. may never violate the Fourth Amendment protections concerning searches and seizures.

expanded democracy.

Robert La Follette's set of state reforms known as the Wisconsin Idea favored political machines. expanded democracy. big business. limited voter participation.

public health.

Sanitation standards are part of a state's responsibility to protect public infrastructure. public health. public safety. public education.

a communist youth organization.

The "Young Pioneers" was the name of a school to teach industrial skills. all Soviet children under Stalin's rule a growing group of anti-Stalin activists. a communist youth organization.

1970s and 1980s.

The conflict in Argentina known as the Dirty War occurred in the 1940s and 1950s. 1950s and 1960s. 1960s and 1970s 1970s and 1980s.

the states.

The first step in approving the Constitution involved sending it to the states. Congress. the judicial branch. the executive branch.

economies.

The first step in the reunification of East and West Germany was uniting their governments. legal systems. populations. economies.

Republican

The political party in the twentieth century that generally opposed government expansion to solve social problems is the _____ Party Democratic Republican Independent Green

leader

The president's role in a political party is to help set the legislative agenda, support the party platform, and serve as a _____ for the party. leader secretary manager volunteer

difficult.

The process of approving the Constitution is best described as simple. unofficial. difficult. unfair.

the state court system

To which court system do city courts belong? the state court system the local court system the federal court system the municipal court system

the Supreme Court

To which office in the federal government would the National Rifle Association submit its brief in support of super PACs in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission? the Office of the President the Supreme Court the Senate the House of Representatives

The age gap between men and women has grown smaller over time.

What is one change from 1950 to 2010 that this graph illustrates? Both men and women are less likely to get married now than they were in the past. Both men and women are more likely to get married now than they were in the past. The age gap between men and women has grown larger over time. The age gap between men and women has grown smaller over time.

promote policies

What are policymakers trying to do by using the media to deliver specific messages to citizens? ask for donations promote policies encourage debate win votes

a desire to live closer to family members a number of attractive job opportunities equal rights in a democratic government

What are some examples of pull factors? Check all that apply. poverty and uncomfortable living conditions a job shortage due to a slow economy a rise in famine or a spread of disease a desire to live closer to family members a number of attractive job opportunities equal rights in a democratic government

We can rely only on what already exists.

What is one problem with using nonrenewable energy? The solar energy industry has shut down. Reservoir levels have increased. Fossil fuels always cost more than renewable energy. We can rely only on what already exists.

It has significantly increased the number of checkpoints along the Mexican and Canadian borders

What is one strategy the United States is using in an attempt to keep terrorists from entering the country? It has required people entering along the Mexican and Canadian borders to surrender their phones. It has prohibited nighttime crossings by closing checkpoints along the Mexican and Canadian borders. It has built large walls on the Mexican and Canadian borders to keep people out of the country. It has significantly increased the number of checkpoints along the Mexican and Canadian borders

Debates that occurred within Congress

What information is published in the Congressional Record? Policy statements of members of Congress Commentaries appearing on news networks Debates that occurred within Congress Results of public opinion polls

a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions

What is a landmark case? a case that is based on a dispute over land a case that is based on a previous court's decision. a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions a case that has been overturned from a previous court.

chief executive

What is another name for the governor of a state? attorney general vice president chief executive secretary of state

the Patriot Act

What is considered the most important counterterrorism law ever passed by Congress? the Privacy Act the Anti-Patriot Act the Patriot Act the Surveillance Act

the weak economy of the former East Germany

Which was a factor contributing to the collapse of communism in Germany? the weak economy of the former East Germany the weak economy of the former West Germany the lack of support for reunification in the city of Berlin the lack of support for reunification in the former West Germany

moderate

Which word best describes a voter at the political center? liberal moderate progressive conservative

a case appealed from a lower court

Which would most likely fall under appellate jurisdiction? a case involving state laws a case between two companies a case appealed from a lower court a case between two states

a case between two states

Which would most likely fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? a case involving the laws of a single state a case between two companies a case appealed from a lower court a case between two states

joining the riots instead of stopping them.

While many Russian soldiers were on the front during World War I, most of those who remained behind responded to the February Revolution by leaving the cities to fight on the front. firing into crowds of peaceful protestors. joining the riots instead of stopping them. breaking up the riots and restoring order.

Cambodia

_____ faced a horrific reign of repression and terror after gaining independence. The Philippines Vietnam Cambodia Singapore

Serbia

_____ used the tactic of ethnic cleansing to eliminate Muslims. Bosnia Croatia Serbia Macedonia

manage city departments.

A "strong mayor" in the mayor-council system has the authority to appoint members of the council. make laws and policies. create a charter for the government. manage city departments.

restraint.

A court decides to interpret a law in a way that encourages the limitation of a judge's power. The court relies on similar past rulings and stays very close to the literal meaning of the Constitution in its approach. This court is engaging in judicial restraint. review. activism. precedent.

water and land

A farmer who uses pesticides is mainly causing which types of pollution? air and water land and air space and water water and land

small claims court.

A landlord who sues a tenant for unpaid rent would most likely take the case to family court. appellate court. small claims court. common pleas court.

king.

A tsar was a Russian leader in the early 1900s who was similar to a king. senator. governor. president.

judge.

A warrant, which specifies the location that can be searched and exactly what can be legally seized, must be issued by a police officer. judge. mayor. religious leader.

The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items.

According to the establishment clause, how would a government funded museum posting of the Ten Commandments along with the history of religion and its beliefs and practices be viewed? The posting would be in violation of the clause because religious items cannot be put in public places. The posting would be in violation of the clause because the items relate to a particular religion. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because people willingly go to the historical museum. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items.

The display does not violate the clause because it is secular.

According to the establishment clause, how would displaying a "Happy Holidays" sign in class be viewed? The display violates the clause because it celebrates Christianity. The display does not violate the clause because it is secular. The display does not violate the clause because it is store-bought. The display violates the clause because holidays are forbidden in schools.

a practicing lawyer

According to the excerpt, who is most likely to be qualified to become a Texas Supreme Court justice? a retired teacher a successful business owner a recent high school graduate a practicing lawyer

unconstitutional, because the game is affiliated with the school.

According to the precedent, Santa Fe School District v. Doe, a teacher who allows a student to lead a prayer at a high school baseball game would most likely be ruled unconstitutional, because the game is affiliated with the school. unconstitutional, because a church didn't authorize the prayer. constitutional, because students have the right to practice religion. constitutional, because people pay taxes and fund the public schools.

appear in court.

Accused persons have the right to request a witness to appear in court. testify untruthfully. go into hiding. refuse to testify.

Three-quarters of the states must approve it.

After Congress has approved a proposed amendment to the Constitution, what then must take place before that amendment becomes law? The president must approve it. Three-quarters of the states must approve it. The Supreme Court must approve it. Half of the states must approve it.

allowed some economic reforms to occur.

After Cuba lost economic aid from the Soviet Union, Fidel Castro turned to other communist countries for help. changed the country's system of government. encouraged the United States to invest in the country. allowed some economic reforms to occur.

strengthened ties with communist countries like Cuba.

After being elected president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez sought to introduce capitalism similar to the United States. strengthened ties with democracies like the United States. strengthened ties with communist countries like Cuba. sought to introduce communism similar to Cuba.

Ferdinand Marcos

After independence, the Philippines struggled under the dictatorship of Ho Chi Minh Pol Pot Ferdinand Marcos Khmer Rouge

two

After the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, how many senators were elected to serve each state? one two three four

achieved global economic success.

After winning independence, both Vietnam and Cambodia remained under Communist control. achieved global economic success. suffered under brutal regimes of control. remained poverty-stricken.

federal laws are superior to state laws.

An inference that can be drawn from the Supremacy Clause is that state laws are superior to federal laws. federal laws are superior to state laws. judges do not have to follow federal laws. judges have to follow state laws.

African Union

Another name for the Organization of African Unity is the _____. Pan-African States African Allegiance African Union Pan-African Union

the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case from a lower court.

Appellate jurisdiction refers to the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case for the first time. the Supreme Court's authority to hear a case from a lower court. a lower court's authority to hear a case from the executive branch. a lower court's authority to hear a case from the legislative branch.

The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.

Based on the Schenck v. United States case, when might it be acceptable for the government to restrict information released by the press? The government can never restrict information released by the press. The government can only restrict information when it could be harmful to an individual's reputation. The government can only restrict information released when practicing prior restraint. The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.

lack sufficient votes to pass a law.

Based on the information in the chart, if the Independents in the Senate chose to vote with the Republicans in the Senate, the Republicans would be able to pursue their legislative agenda. lack sufficient votes to pass a law. be force to agree with a different agenda. acquire additional power to pass a law.

US exports to Mexico have increased. US imports from Mexico have increased. The US imports more from Mexico than it exports. US trade with Mexico increased dramatically.

Based on this graph, which are accurate statements about US trade with Mexico since the time NAFTA was signed? Check all that apply. The value of US exports to and imports from Mexico have grown at the same pace. US exports to Mexico have increased. US imports from Mexico have increased. The US imports more from Mexico than it exports. US trade with Mexico increased dramatically.

go through a selection process.

Before a case can be heard in a state high court, it must go through a jury trial. go through a selection process. be decided by a panel of judges. be decided by a single judge.

Congress had the power to create a federal bank.

By ruling in James McCulloch's favor in McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court agreed that Congress should not be involved in creating banks. McCulloch could continue to pay state, not federal, taxes. Congress had the power to create a federal bank. McCulloch could run a state bank under federal laws.

air

Car exhaust is an example of what type of pollution? air water land underground

to interpret laws.

Compared with the executive and legislative branches, the main purpose of the judicial branch is to make laws. to execute laws. to interpret laws. to overrule laws.

specifically granted in the Constitution.

Expressed powers are those that are specifically granted in the Constitution. held by both the federal government and the states. considered the basis for the "necessary and proper" clause. inferior compared to powers directly given by Congress.

a communist dictatorship.

Fidel Castro led a revolution in Cuba in 1959 and created a government based on democratic principles. a communist dictatorship. socialist ideals. a republic model.

They are assigned an attorney by the court.

Following the decision in the Gideon v. Wainwright case, what happens to accused persons who cannot afford to pay an attorney to represent them? They remain in jail until they can raise the money. They are freed from jail, and their cases are dismissed. They are assigned an attorney by the court. They are found guilty without trial.

to generate donations to organize supporters to solicit support

For what purposes do politicians generally use the Internet? Select three answers. to generate donations to organize supporters to limit criticism to solicit support to pass legislation

First

Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Constitution's _____ Amendment. First Second Third

deliberately killing people for religious, ethnic, or political reasons.

Genocide is defined as forcing citizens to accept a new political regime they oppose. relocating an ethnic group against its will through the use of force. deliberately killing people for religious, ethnic, or political reasons. dismantling a government without notice and banishing its leaders.

commerce between states.

Gibbons v. Ogden addressed "interstate commerce," which is commerce between states. commerce between state and federal governments. commerce between steamboat operators. commerce between different parts of the same state.

It said that Congress has power to regulate trade between states.

How did Gibbons v. Ogden expand the idea of federal supremacy? It said that federal judicial review is required in all state legal cases. It said the Constitution is open to interpretation in state matters. It said that federal trade is more important than state trade. It said that Congress has power to regulate trade between states.

They regulated political parties. They controlled elections. They arrested legislators.

How did military leaders prevent democracy in Brazil? Select three responses. They regulated political parties. They controlled elections. They kidnapped dissenters. They arrested legislators. They killed dissenters.

Ernesto Miranda had been denied his rights.

How did the Supreme Court rule in the Miranda decision? Ernesto Miranda was found guilty on all counts. Ernesto Miranda had been denied his rights. Ernesto Miranda could not be tried twice for the same crime. Ernesto Miranda did not have the right to avoid self-incrimination.

It created the Department of Homeland Security to prevent terrorist attacks.

How did the US government increase security after the September 11, 2001, attacks? It significantly increased the size of the US military by ordering a draft. It established the Central Intelligence Agency to overthrow terrorist groups. It replaced the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the US Army. It created the Department of Homeland Security to prevent terrorist attacks.

Laws were passed to limit diversity among the immigrant population.

How did the US government respond to the immigration wave in the late 1800s? Congress banned all new immigrants from entering the country. Grants were provided to assist new immigrants coming to America. The US government worked to encourage the growing diversity. Laws were passed to limit diversity among the immigrant population.

Communist forces waged a successful war for independence.

How did the countries of French Indochina gain their independence? France granted independence to avoid supporting the colonies any longer. A military junta systematically overthrew the French regime in each country. Communist forces waged a successful war for independence. The United States negotiated with France on behalf of the colonies.

They have access to greater purchasing options.

How do consumers ALL benefit from international trade? They profit from global outsourcing. They can use social media to spread information. They gain purchasing power parity. They have access to greater purchasing options.

In a communist system, a single political party controls the government. In a democracy, the people can elect officials from different parties.

How does a communist system of government differ from a democracy? In a communist system, power is inherited and passed down. In a democracy, power is in the hands of the people. In a communist system, elections are never held. In a democracy, the people vote in elections to choose their leaders. In a communist system, voters choose from a wide variety of candidates. In a democracy, choice is somewhat limited. In a communist system, a single political party controls the government. In a democracy, the people can elect officials from different parties.

by taking over when the previous monarch dies or retires

How does a monarch typically take power? by being elected by taking over in a revolution by being appointed by leaders of a political party by taking over when the previous monarch dies or retires

A referendum allows people to vote to accept or reject a law.

How does a referendum give people more of a say in government? A referendum allows people to vote to accept or reject a law. A referendum allows people to remove an official from office. A referendum allows people to change laws or propose new ones. A referendum allows people to impeach an official for wrongdoing.

It is more extreme and rigid.

How does a totalitarian government differ from most authoritarian governments? It is less involved in people's lives. It is more democratic. It is more extreme and rigid. It is less powerful.

It provides access to the same products worldwide. It increases awareness of new goods and services. It allows people to purchase products instantly.

How does globalization affect consumers? Check all that apply. It provides access to the same products worldwide. It increases awareness of new goods and services. It allows people to purchase products instantly. It helps people organize political campaigns. It increases awareness of current events.

Countries can make the best use of resources by buying what they don't have from other nations

How does international trade lead to specialization? Countries become more dependent on each other for buying and selling manufactured goods. Labor can be outsourced cheaply to other countries, which brings down production costs. Countries can make the best use of resources by buying what they don't have from other nations Industries begin to compete to offer the best prices and increase demand.

Lobbying helps educate and inform lawmakers.

How does lobbying benefit the government? Lobbying simplifies the decision-making process for lawmakers. Lobbying presents all interests equally. Lobbying helps educate and inform lawmakers. Lobbying ensures all citizens' opinions inform government decisions.

Lobbying creates opportunities for corruption.

How does lobbying negatively affect government? Lobbying enables outsiders to influence government. Lobbyists control the information that lawmakers receive. Lobbyists overload lawmakers with biased information. Lobbying creates opportunities for corruption.

It has enabled immediate communication between candidates and supporters.

How has the Internet revolutionized political campaigns? It has drastically reduced the need for traditional forms of advertising. It has increased foreign participation in elections. It has increased competition between candidates. It has enabled immediate communication between candidates and supporters.

by using electronic surveillance of suspected terrorists

How has the US government used the Patriot Act to prevent terrorist attacks since September 11, 2001? by using electronic surveillance of suspected terrorists by offering rewards to terrorists who turn themselves in by keeping information about suspected terrorists private by opening its borders to better track suspected terrorists

Both supported a strong central government.

How is the Democratic Party similar in beliefs to the Federalists? Both strongly opposed slavery. Both were formed because of a dispute. Both supported a strong central government. Both were organized on federal and state levels.

They can motivate people to not vote.

How might opinion polls negatively affect voter behaviors? They often sway voters' opinions on the issues. They can motivate people to not vote. They frequently influence voters' stance on the candidates. They persuade people to vote for particular issues and candidates.

The new Spanish ruler seized power without popular support from citizens.

How was the rebellion in Spain different from that in Italy? The new Spanish ruler seized power without popular support from citizens. Spain was not in economic or social turmoil when the rebellion occurred. The Spanish rebellion did not result in an authoritarian government. Spain's military leaders did not fully support the new Spanish ruler.

Both used extreme nationalism to win support. Both began programs of aggressive expansion.

How were the governments of Japan and Italy similar in the 1930s? Check all that apply. Both were headed by groups of military leaders. Both used extreme nationalism to win support. Both were supported by citizen armies. Both began programs of aggressive expansion. Both were known as militarist governments.

proceeded in exactly the same way.

If Serbia had used the term "murder" rather than "ethnic cleansing" to describe its actions against Muslims, it is likely that they would have proceeded in exactly the same way. won more civilian support for their actions. felt too guilty to continue with their plans. achieved their goals more quickly.

The government keeps records of a host of personal information on Americans.

If the Patriot Act is successful at stopping terrorist attacks, why are some Americans against it? They want citizens to give up more privacy rights for the country's protection. The government keeps records of a host of personal information on Americans. Many citizens do not believe law enforcement agencies should be allowed to swap information. They want laws that give the government more power to imprison people.

women would have been much less in demand in the workforce.

If the USSR's economy had remained agriculture-based rather than industrialized, then the unemployment rate among men would have been much lower. women would have been much less in demand in the workforce. crop productivity would have led to larger, better nourished populations. children would not have had to leave school early to work in factories.

Nigeria

In 1967, ethnic minorities rebelled against Yoruba rule in _____. Nigeria Ghana Kenya Rwanda

could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message.

In Duckworth v. Eagan (1988), the Supreme Court held that the police had been too harshly burdened by the Miranda decision and no longer had to follow it. could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message. did not need to read the Miranda warning if they considered a suspect to be dangerous. could create any warning they chose so long as they got a conviction.

cruel and unusual.

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), William Furman claimed his sentence was appropriate. overly lenient. cruel and unusual. accidental.

not been provided an attorney when he could not afford one.

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court ruled that Gideon had been denied his rights because he had hired an expensive lawyer he could not afford. not been provided an attorney when he could not afford one. paid bail he could not afford. been questioned without having his Miranda warning read.

Banks cannot be created by Congress.

In McCulloch v. Maryland, what did the State of Maryland argue? Banks cannot be created by Congress. States can determine which institutions within its borders must pay taxes. A federal bank must pay taxes to the state in which it is located. Banks may only be created by Congress, not by individuals.

distributed equally among the state governments.

In a confederal system of government, power is given to the central government. given to the president exclusively. shared between the central and state governments. distributed equally among the state governments.

an appellate court.

In most cases, the US Supreme Court functions as a trial court. a circuit court. an appellate court. a superior court.

a higher court agrees to hear it.

In state court, a losing party can appeal a case if a jury is unable to make a decision. a judge disagrees with a jury's decision. a precedent does not exist. a higher court agrees to hear it.

It oversees state agencies and elections.

In state government, what does the office of the secretary of state do? It acts as the chief law enforcement officer. It acts as the state's legal adviser. It oversees state agencies and elections. It oversees the office of lieutenant governor.

democratically elected government.

In the Spanish Civil War, the Republicans represented the fascists brought to power by the military. democratically elected government. conservatives revolting against fascists. communist party revolutionaries.

violated the right to privacy.

In the case Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that state laws were protected by federal laws. were protected by the Ninth Amendment. violated the right to privacy. violated the Second Amendment.

A tsar was removed from the people and was rarely seen.

In the early 1900s, how much contact did a Russian tsar have with the people? A tsar interacted with the public on a daily basis. A tsar met with the people often, but not every day. A tsar met with the public on special occasions only. A tsar was removed from the people and was rarely seen.

progressive reform measures.

In the early 1900s, the recall, referendum, and initiative provisions were all examples of progressive reform measures. parts of political machines. laws governing taxes. laws governing big business.

At the state level, a secretary of state oversees the election process.

In the federal government, the secretary of state is primarily a diplomat and often interacts with other countries. How is a secretary of state's job different at the state level? At the state level, a secretary of state is an attorney and argues in court. At the state level, a secretary of sate resolves disputes with companies. At the state level, a secretary of state interacts with the federal government. At the state level, a secretary of state oversees the election process.

Latin America

In the modern era, the majority of immigrants comes from which area? Africa/Mideast Canada Europe Latin America

figureheads.

In the modern world, many countries with kings or queens have evolved into constitutional democracies. In these countries, monarchs are mostly absolute dictators. prime ministers. political party leaders. figureheads.

the law is followed in trying a case.

In the term "due process," the word "process" refers to the way in which prison sentences are handed down. the law is followed in trying a case. court decisions are worded. warrants are written and used.

lost power and became a regular citizen.

In the wake of the February Revolution in Russia, Nicholas II rose to power and became a strong ruler. lost power and became a regular citizen. wrote a manifesto that inspired the public. became an official in the new government.

an autocratic monarchy.

In the years prior to World War I, the government of Russia was a communist system. a democratic republic. an autocratic monarchy. a constitutional monarchy.

1917

In what year did the February and October revolutions occur in Russia? 1905 1914 1917 1918

1910

In what year did the Mexican Revolution against Porfirio Diaz begin? 1910 1915 1920 1925

confederal

In which system of government would states function independently of each other? solitary unitary federal confederal

2000

In which year did the US run a trade deficit with Ghana? 1992 1996 2000 2004

divides a state into separate counties with their own leaders.

Incorporation creates a local government and divides a state into separate counties with their own leaders. determines who will serve as mayor and council members. creates geographic boundaries for villages, towns, and cities. manages the court system on the county and city level.

a chief justice of the Supreme Court.

John Marshall is important because he was a chief justice of the Supreme Court. a vice president of the United States. the first person to bring a case to the Supreme Court. the first speaker of the House of Representatives.

corporations and the wealthy cannot donate an excessive amount.

Laws are passed to regulate the funding of political campaigns in an effort to ensure that only a handful of candidates run for office. all candidates who run for office have equal funding. corporations and the wealthy cannot donate an excessive amount. candidates focus on the day's controversial issues.

communism and socialism.

Many Latin American countries in the twentieth century turned to democracy and autocracy. monarchy and self-government. communism and socialism. fascism and despotism.

make phone calls or canvas neighborhoods to make sure people vote.

On election day, a volunteer for a local political party would most likely make phone calls or canvas neighborhoods to make sure people vote. appear in a national TV commercial supporting a presidential candidate. register new voters for the next presidential election in four years. print campaign posters for people to advertise for a candidate.

limiting the number of fast-food restaurants that can be built near a residential area.

One example of regulating zoning is limiting the number of fast-food restaurants that can be built near a residential area. making sure trash pickup, street cleaning, and snow-plowing services are in place. raising revenue for a new city hall to replace an existing structure that is in disrepair. staffing local public swimming pools and beaches with qualified lifeguards.

concurrent powers.

Passing laws, creating courts, and collecting taxes are examples of concurrent powers. politician's rights. implied powers. individual rights.

judges.

People who make judgments in lower federal courts are called justices. judges. officers. lawyers.

shapes the debate and controls legislative agenda.

Political parties are important in the US Congress, because party affiliation determines which new laws must be written. allows for disagreements to be settled quickly. decides the importance of various committees. shapes the debate and controls legislative agenda.

concurrent powers

Powers shared by the federal government and state governments are known as _____. concurrent powers expressed powers implied powers reserved powers

They could not find two deserving senators.

Prior to the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment, why did some states not send two senators to Congress? They thought senators could work from their states. They decided that one senator was enough. They could not find two deserving senators. They could not decide who to elect.

Congress cannot promote a religion.

Read the excerpt from the US Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. According to the excerpt, what is the role of Congress regarding religion? Congress cannot promote a religion. Congress cannot make disrespectful laws. Religious groups can only be formed by Congress. Religious groups must be governed by Congress.

Powers held by the states alone.

Read the quote from the US Constitution. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved for the States respectively, or to the people. Which type of powers is this describing? Powers shared by both state and federal levels. Powers implied within the Constitution. Powers held by the states alone. Powers clearly identified for the federal level.

influence their representatives' decisions.

Read these words from the First Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment guarantees citizens the right to bear arms against the government. establish a national religion. influence their representatives' decisions. vote in elections.

Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account.

Senator Quintero donates money to his local church from his personal checking account. Senator Kleinman donates money from a federally funded account to her church. Based on this scenario, which senator is in violation of the establishment clause? They are both in violation because government officials are not allowed to donate to one religion Senator Quintero is in violation because he donated a large amount of money to the church. Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account. Neither senator is in violation because they have the right to donate to any religious group.

manufacturing.

Since independence, Malaysia has been highly successful in oil exporting. manufacturing. textile production. engineering.

the president.

Supreme Court justices are appointed by the president. the vice president. the House. the Senate.

to avoid self-incrimination.

The Fifth Amendment protects the individual's right to make choices. to act independently. to obtain security. to avoid self-incrimination.

ethnic tensions that had their roots in the period of Belgian rule.

The Rwandan genocide was a result of an economic crisis resulting from corruption and failed crops. ethnic tensions that had their roots in the period of Belgian rule. election fraud that occurred soon after independence from Belgium. conflict between two military leaders over control of the oil industry.

have a fair trial.

The Sixth Amendment ensures a citizen's right to worship freely. vote. have a fair trial. bear arms.

the concept of federalism

The Supremacy Clause forms the root of what aspect of the country's government system? the Constitution checks and balances the concept of federalism civil and independent rights

an appellate court.

The Supreme Court is best characterized as a federal court. an appellate court. a judicial court. a inferior court.

federal- and state-level powers.

The US system of federalism is based on the Supremacy Clause. financial and military powers. federal- and state-level powers. the Bill of Rights and amendments.

socialism.

The Venezuelan people gave Hugo Chavez a referendum to rewrite their constitution and implement a democracy. socialism. communism. a dictatorship.

Federal Election Commission

The _____ is the governmental body that regulates political action committees (PACs). Federal Election Commission Federal Communications Commission Federal Trade Commission Federal Maritime Commission

a state's constitution.

The branches of state government are established by the US Constitution. a state's constitution. the citizens of a state. a state's governor.

cruel and unusual punishment.

The case of Furman v. Georgia (1972) resulted in a reinterpretation of the meaning of excessive bail. the right to counsel. the right to a speedy trial. cruel and unusual punishment.

appellate jurisdiction.

The diagram shows one way that cases reach the Supreme Court. The diagram is an example of original jurisdiction. appellate jurisdiction. executive jurisdiction. legislative jurisdiction.

Institutional Revolutionary Party

The dominant political party in Mexico for most of the twentieth century was the _____. Institutional Revolutionary Party National Action Party Labor Party Ecologist Green Party of Mexico

the mayor's office from displaying a cross

The establishment clause would prevent a church from being built in a Jewish area the mayor's office from displaying a cross a citizen from placing a religious scene in a business the president from having a Christmas party at home

general election.

The final competition for elective office is called the indirect primary. general election. closed primary. caucus.

create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.

The impact of Furman v. Georgia (1972) was that states had to promise to use the death penalty only with approval from the Supreme Court. throw out the old Miranda warning and write a new one. agree to throw out all state laws regarding crime and impose national standards. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.

is administered fairly.

The most important role of election officials is to make sure that an election takes place. is administered fairly. is inexpensive. finishes on time.

the many different factions at war with one another.

The large number of casualties in the Nigerian civil war can be attributed to colonists' lack of attention to cultural differences. broad-based anger at economic disparity in the country. widespread dissatisfaction with the Nigerian president. the many different factions at war with one another.

control the strategy of the party.

The leader of a political party in the legislative branch has the power to nominate various state officials. control the strategy of the party. select state and national judges. decide how members will vote.

manage public schools in accordance with state and federal law.

The main function of a school board is to serve as a school's principals, teachers, and administrators. propose and legislate state laws that affect the public schools. raise revenue for public schools through local taxes and fees. manage public schools in accordance with state and federal law.

a candidate elected.

The main purpose of a political campaign is either to get an issue passed or a verdict overturned. an officeholder removed. a law revoked. a candidate elected.

ensures that checks and balances are respected

The most important benefit of having a difficult amendment process is that it _____. ensures that the Constitution never changes allows the president to amend the Constitution ensures that checks and balances are respected allows small groups to create amendments without public approval

socialist.

The political affiliation of Chile's president in 1970, Salvador Allende, is best described as liberal. conservative. communist. socialist.

China

The transcontinental railroad was built with the help of immigrants from which country? China Germany Ireland India

direct and representative.

The two forms of democracy are national and state. republican and democrat. local and national. direct and representative.

terrorism

The unlawful use of violence to achieve political goals describes which type of action? terrorism sanctions surveillance retaliation

The government can limit speech that causes harm.

Though the outcomes of Schenck and New York Times differed, what did these decisions have in common? The government has a heavy burden to prove harm. The government can limit speech that causes harm. The government has unlimited power to limit speech. The government must follow the First Amendment.

Soviet ideology.

Under Joseph Stalin, schools were reformed primarily to emphasize the pursuit of higher education. Soviet ideology. Russian history and culture. intellectual rigor.

rules that are the same for everyone.

Under due process, all people accused of crimes are subject to rules depending on their social class. rules depending on their gender. rules their city agrees to. rules that are the same for everyone.

jury

Under the Constitution, the judicial branch must try criminal cases with a _____ of one's peers.

if their action had clearly threatened order and safety

Under what circumstances would the protest of the students in Tinker v. Des Moines be deemed unprotected speech? if their action had clearly threatened order and safety if their action had supported an unpopular opinion if their action had not been political if their action had promoted an artistic endeavor

if protesters were marching on the statehouse in favor of marriage for all

Under which circumstances would protesters' right to assembly most likely be protected? if protesters were picketing on an alleged criminal's front lawn if protesters were marching on the statehouse in favor of marriage for all if protesters were inciting others to destroy restaurants serving unhealthy foods if protesters were throwing rocks at police to prevent arrest

The country was too dependent on exports of its cacao crop.

What can one conclude about the link between falling cacao crop prices and rising economic problems in Ghana? People stopped buying cacao when the economy faltered. Economic problems led Ghana's farmers to cut their cacao prices. The country was too dependent on exports of its cacao crop. Ghana grew cacao more economically when the economy slowed.

They held protests and demanded answers.

What did the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo do in response to the actions of the military government in Argentina? They held protests and demanded answers. They started riots and demanded justice. They held protests and demanded welfare. They started riots and demanded answers.

show they would be able to govern themselves

What did the Philippines need to do before assuming independence? show they would be able to govern themselves declare their independence from the U.S. government state that they wanted to assume the obligation of independence function as an independent nation for a probationary period

access to cheaper labor creation of new jobs in developing markets potential for higher profits

What do businesses consider positive outcomes of outsourcing? Check all that apply. lower trade volumes access to cheaper labor growing purchasing power parity creation of new jobs in developing markets potential for higher profits

transparency

What do the media most provide the public with by covering policy and the lawmaking process? consistency complete accuracy transparency comprehensiveness

Corporate money will make elections less likely to reflect the public will.

What does Justice Stevens say about the Court's ruling? Corporate money will make elections more likely to reflect the public will. Corporate money will have no influence on elections. Corporate money has changed since the days of Theodore Roosevelt. Corporate money will make elections less likely to reflect the public will.

The government cannot make laws based on religion.

What does separation of church and state mean? Churches cannot make laws that violate state laws. The government cannot make laws based on religion. Churches are built a certain distance from state buildings. The government has to make separate laws for churches.

the right of a group to meet in groups

What does the First Amendment's right to assemble refer to? the right of a group to express unpopular opinions the right of a group to make false claims the right of a group to meet in groups the right of a group to speak in protest

harm to aquatic animals

What does water pollution most directly cause? plant damage due to acid rain harm to aquatic animals increase of soil erosion expansion of infertile land

Thousands of people left East Germany.

What happened when Hungary opened its borders? West Germans began to move to Hungary. Hungarians fled for East and West Germany. Germans fought over Hungarian territory. Thousands of people left East Germany.

It gave citizens the right to elect their members of the US Senate.

What impact did the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment have on American citizens? It gave citizens the right to elect their members of the US Senate. It gave citizens the opportunity to remove an official from office. It gave citizens the power to reject laws they deemed unfair. It gave citizens the power to propose or change laws.

Restaurants cannot serve water unless a customer requests it.

What is one water conservation policy in California? City water districts charge more to residents who use less water. Residents can use drinkable water to clean their driveways only once a week. Restaurants cannot serve water unless a customer requests it. Only water-efficient appliances are sold in stores.

Both are divided into three branches.

What is one way in which local governments are similar to federal governments? Both are divided into three branches. Both have divisions called counties. Both are led by a president. Both have a board of supervisors.

They encourage and participate in debates over differing ideologies.

What is one way that parties promote their platforms? They ask voters for monetary contributions to a campaign fund. They purchase media advertisements to attack the character of opposing candidates. They make sure that all eligible voters in an area can and will vote. They encourage and participate in debates over differing ideologies.

the introduction of harmful substances into the environment

What is pollution? the introduction of harmful substances into the environment the removal of waste from landfills and other waste collection areas the addition of organic materials in order to clean dirty air and water the combination of specific chemicals to decompose garbage

an action that expresses an idea or opinion

What is symbolic speech? an action that expresses an idea or opinion the act of peaceful protest the publication of an article despite prior restraint an idea or opinion expressed through comparison to something else

an immigrant who leaves an area to escape war or oppression

What is the best definition of a refugee? an immigrant who is denied entry into a country an immigrant who lives and works in a country illegally an immigrant who comes seeking economic opportunities an immigrant who leaves an area to escape war or oppression

an immigrant who lives and works in a country illegally

What is the best definition of an undocumented worker? an immigrant who applies for entry and is admitted an immigrant who lives and works in a country illegally an immigrant who comes seeking educational opportunities an immigrant who leaves an area to escape war or oppression

a government in which power is divided between state and national levels

What is the best definition of federalism? a government in which power is given to Congress directly a government in which power is under the control of the states a government in which power is divided between state and national levels a government in which powers are directly stated in the Constitution

building seawalls if they live near the coast

What is the best way for people to prepare their homes for a hurricane? reinforcing all structures to prevent snow damage making sure their homes are well insulated elevating their homes if they live inland building seawalls if they live near the coast

a labor camp

What is the definition of a gulag? a political uprising a terror campaign a labor camp a police raid

The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion while the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion.

What is the difference between the establishment clause and the free-exercise clause? The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion while the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion. The establishment clause allows the government to favor a religion and the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion. The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion and the free exercise clause stops people from expressing their religious beliefs. The establishment clause allows the government to favor a religion and the free exercise clause stops people from being able to express their beliefs.

to influence government policy

What is the main purpose of an interest group? to influence government policy to overthrow the government to vote to pass laws in Congress to fill key staff positions in the White House

Citizens elect leaders who vote on the issues in a representative democracy, and citizens vote on the issues in a direct democracy.

What is the main way a representative democracy differs from a direct democracy? Citizens elect leaders who vote on the issues in a representative democracy, and citizens vote on the issues in a direct democracy. A representative democracy is modern, and a direct democracy is ancient. A representative democracy works better in small groups, and a direct democracy works better in large groups. Citizens' desires are ignored in a representative democracy, and citizens' desires have a better chance of being heard in a direct democracy.

Educated citizens would be harder to control.

What is the most likely reason Europe did not invest in education in its African colonies? African citizens were not interested in education. European nations placed little value on education. Educating people would slow industrial growth. Educated citizens would be harder to control.

Military leaders wanted to maintain the illusion of a single powerful leader.

What is the most likely reason that Emperor Hirohito remained head of state when military leaders took power in Japan? Hirohito refused to step down despite pressure from military leaders. Military leaders wanted to maintain the illusion of a single powerful leader. Hirohito was an important symbol of democracy to the Japanese people. Military leaders respected Hirohito for leading Japan in the right direction.

Italy and Germany wanted to promote the spread of fascism.

What is the most likely reason that Italy and Germany supported the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War? Italy and Germany hoped to take over Spanish territory after the war. Italy and Germany wanted to keep Spain from gaining power. Italy and Germany opposed overthrowing the existing government. Italy and Germany wanted to promote the spread of fascism.

Dictator Josep Tito was a very powerful leader.

What is the most likely reason the republics of Yugoslavia held together until the fall of communism? All six republics shared strong historic bonds. The constitution forbade the republics to separate. Citizens were united by their belief in communism. Dictator Josep Tito was a very powerful leader.

The writers of the Constitution disagreed on ideology.

What led to the formation of political parties? Certain individuals wanted to gain political power. The writers of the Constitution disagreed on ideology. The Constitution encouraged the concept of two political parties. Groups of people decided to promote different legislative agendas.

Stalin feared they might spread ideas that went against the Soviet government.

What motivated Joseph Stalin to persecute writers, scholars, and scientists? People in these professions made up the bulk of the Communist Party. Stalin was convinced one of them would try to overthrow him and seize power. Many were non-Russians who Stalin wanted to drive out of the country. Stalin feared they might spread ideas that went against the Soviet government.

many business closings slow economic growth

What negative effects did East Germany experience after reunification? Select two options. communist rebellions anger at reunification costs growth in unemployment many business closings slow economic growth

advances in education and human services

What of the following characterized Ghana after 1992? a return to a one-party system of government an economy based solely on industry an increase in government instability advances in education and human services

"informed of the nature and cause of the accusation"

What part of the Sixth Amendment suggests that accused persons will be able to hear the charges against them? "the right to a speedy and public trial" "confronted with the witnesses against him" "informed of the nature and cause of the accusation" "have the Assistance of Counsel"

rights unlisted in the Constitution

What rights are specifically protected under the Ninth Amendment? most basic safety and security rights rights unlisted in the Constitution freedom of expression rights rights listed in the Bill of Rights

Experts conducted research to inform politicians about drafting bills.

What role did experts such as business leaders, labor leaders, and university professors play in the Wisconsin Idea reforms? Experts established laws that served their interests only. Experts bypassed the legislature and drafted bills themselves. Experts conducted research to inform politicians about drafting bills. Experts wrote laws that made it harder to enact new policies in Wisconsin.

It was used as a way to protest the results of the election.

What role did social media play in politics in Iran in 2009? It was used to show support for the Islamic regime change. It was used as a way to protest the results of the election. It was used as a means of advertising candidate platforms. It was used to protest the US influence on Iranian leadership.

liberalism

What type of ideology has gained popularity throughout Latin America? communism fascism conservatism liberalism

The state should decide which personal liberties were needed.

What was Benito Mussolini's attitude toward personal liberties? The state should decide which personal liberties were needed. Personal liberties were an individual matter. There should not be any personal liberties. Individuals and the state should agree on personal liberties.

to outproduce capitalist nations

What was Joseph Stalin's goal in creating a command economy? to gradually move to a market economy to conserve limited resources to shift resources toward necessities to outproduce capitalist nations

an autocratic monarchy

What was a cause of the Russian Revolution? a large, restless middle class an autocratic monarchy victories on the battlefield in World War I a powerful legislature

its many ethnicities and religions

What was a major contributor to unrest in Nigeria? its many ethnicities and religions a series of military dictatorships an economic dependence on oil clashes with other African nations

The Bolsheviks ended Russia's involvement in World War I.

What was one consequence of the October Revolution? Vladimir Lenin was exiled for his opposition to the government. Russian citizens began to protest food and coal shortages. Karl Marx created principles to establish classless societies. The Bolsheviks ended Russia's involvement in World War I.

Czechoslovakia's split into two countries

What was the "Velvet Divorce"? Czechoslovakia's split into two countries the rift between Czechoslovakia and Poland the end of communism in Czechoslovakia the first phase of the Velvet Revolution

a wall that separated East and West Berlin

What was the Berlin Wall? a wall that separated East and West Berlin a wall that surrounded East and West Berlin a wall that separated Hungary from East Berlin a wall that separated Berlin from the rest of Berlin

The secret police attempted to identify citizens who opposed the Communist Party and who could undermine it.

What was the function of the secret police in the Soviet Union? The secret police attempted to identify citizens who opposed the Communist Party and who could undermine it. The secret police worked to locate and arrest the missing members of the former royal family of Russia. The secret police tried to solve crimes that directly impacted the workers and peasants of Russia. The secret police tried to uncover Bolsheviks who worked against the provisional government.

Soviet farms were old-fashioned and inefficient.

What was the main reason Joseph Stalin created collective farms? Soviet farms were old-fashioned and inefficient. Collective farms would create many new jobs. Farmland could be turned into industrial land. Wasteful crop surpluses would be eliminated.

People traveled freely between East and West Germany.

What was the most important effect of opening East Germany's borders? East and West Germany merged into one nation. People traveled freely between East and West Germany. Germany's political differences finally were resolved. Thousands of West Germans moved to East Germany.

The ruling determined that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

What was the most significant result of the ruling in Marbury v. Madison? The ruling narrowed the powers of the federal government. The ruling determined that the Supreme Court should not hear Marbury's case. The ruling was made by Chief Justice John Marshall of the Supreme Court. The ruling determined that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

It created a federal court system.

What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789? It created the state court system. It created a federal court system. It created the judicial branch. It created the Supreme Court.

to kill as many Americans as possible and damage the US economy

What was the terrorist's main goal in committing the September 11, 2001, attacks? to get the United States to recognize al-Qaeda as an official government to kill as many Americans as possible and damage the US economy to incite the United States into a holy war against Islamist countries to force the United States to release thousands of its members from prison

solve Italy's economic problems.

When Benito Mussolini came into power, he promised to solve Italy's economic problems. abolish totalitarian government. prevent violence and terrorism. introduce new social programs for Italy.

construed

When a Constitutional Amendment is ________ it is interpreted. disparaged developed construed enumerated

identify voters who will support their candidate.

When campaign workers are canvassing neighborhoods, one of their goals is to identify voters who will support their candidate. sell campaign buttons door to door. determine the income level of a community. find out which candidate voters have selected.

a theocracy.

When leaders use religious laws to govern, they most likely represent a democracy. an autocracy. a monarchy. a theocracy.

prohibiting all criticism of the government.

When military leaders and dictators ruled Nigeria, they sometimes tried to prevent unrest by allowing peaceful, supervised political activity. agreeing to small, incremental changes. banning expressions of ethnic pride. prohibiting all criticism of the government.

only white male property owners

When the United States was founded, who could vote? all American citizens all white men and women only white male property owners only men

Burma

Which Indochinese country was under control of a junta for decades? Burma Laos Cambodia Vietnam

explaining medical problems to a personal physician in confidence

Which action would be protected by the Ninth Amendment? refusing to pay sales tax on an automobile purchase insisting on assembling with others at a city council meeting creating a personal page on a social media site to share content explaining medical problems to a personal physician in confidence

burning a fire in a public park as a political protest

Which action would be the least likely to be considered protected speech or a protected action? talking loudly on a cell phone during a movie walking against the light to protest getting a parking ticket banning a private firm's employees from wearing political t-shirts at work burning a fire in a public park as a political protest

obtaining unauthorized personal information from a website

Which action would violate the Ninth Amendment? speaking with a pharmacist about a prescription accusing a political opponent of dishonest behavior publishing a family recipe in a community cookbook obtaining unauthorized personal information from a website

He repressed the civil liberties of all citizens. He nationalized the Cuban economy. He forbade the selling of private property. He prohibited free press in the country.

Which actions did Fidel Castro take in Cuba after creating a communist system in 1959? Check all that apply. He banned free health care for all citizens. He repressed the civil liberties of all citizens. He turned to capitalism to grow the economy. He nationalized the Cuban economy. He banned all travel to and from the country. He forbade the selling of private property. He prohibited free press in the country.

the Ninth Amendment

Which amendment protects unenumerated rights such as voting rights? the First Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Ninth Amendment

First Amendment

Which amendment to the Constitution gives people the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances? First Amendment Second Amendment Fifth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment

geothermal energy sunlight wind water

Which are examples of renewable energy? Check all that apply. geothermal energy sunlight wind methane water

a loss of regional jobs a loss of individual cultures an increase in environmental problems a rise in health risks

Which are negative aspects of globalization? Check all that apply. a loss of regional jobs a loss of individual cultures a loss of social awareness an increase in environmental problems a rise in health risks

a group with similar beliefs about government

Which best describes a political party? a group with similar work ethics a group with the desire to help others a group with varied goals and ideals a group with similar beliefs about government

They are established as outlined by a state's constitution.

Which best describes county governments? They are overseen by a mayor and department chairs. They are established as outlined by the US Constitution. They have executive, legislative, and judicial branches. They are established as outlined by a state's constitution.

They approved a new constitution.

Which best describes how Mexican leaders sought to protect democratic rule after the country's revolution? They restricted foreign investment. They provided free education. They passed worker protection laws. They approved a new constitution.

PACs combine individuals' donations into significant contributions.

Which best describes how political action committees (PACs) enhance the power of individuals? PACs enable individuals to donate unlimited amounts of money to campaigns. PACs ensure that the voice of each individual is heard by powerful sitting politicians. PACs facilitate access for individuals to speak to politicians one-on-one. PACs combine individuals' donations into significant contributions.

They enable campaigns to sample public opinion.

Which best describes how social-networking sites help political campaigns, especially when compared to traditional media? They allow supporters to publicly criticize their policies. They ensure that a campaign's message is accurately presented. They enable campaigns to sample public opinion. They facilitate clear communication.

They were in demand for industrial jobs.

Which best describes men in the USSR under Joseph Stalin's regime? They lost many of their jobs to women. They became less important to the economy. They worked in farming more than in industry. They were in demand for industrial jobs.

districts that are oddly shaped

Which best describes voting districts that have been gerrymandered? districts with equal numbers of minority voters districts that never change over time districts that are oddly shaped districts with the same shape

They are reapportioned based on information in the census.

Which best describes what happens to voting districts every ten years? They are reapportioned based on political party affiliation. They are reapportioned based on information in the census. They are reapportioned to give the federal government more power. They are reapportioned to give the states more power.

They must use the same media that citizens use.

Which best describes why candidates and politicians use the Internet? They want to maintain control of their messages. They need to eliminate the waste associated with traditional media. They need to use modern technology so that they do not appear out of touch. They must use the same media that citizens use.

It places more pressure on lawmakers to vote a certain way.

Which best describes why making political allies is a key strategy for lobbyists? It reduces competition between opposing lobbyists. It enables multiple issues to be addressed at once. It places more pressure on lawmakers to vote a certain way. It increases the number of supporting votes for pending legislation.

Most states have legislatures with a small upper house and a large lower house.

Which best explains how state legislative branches are structured? Most states have legislatures with a large upper house and a small lower house. Most states have legislatures with upper and lower houses of equal size. Most states have legislatures with large upper and lower houses. Most states have legislatures with a small upper house and a large lower house.

It defeated opposition parties by controlling congress and using election fraud.

Which best explains how the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) maintained power in Mexico for many years? It defeated opposition parties by controlling congress and using election fraud. It ruled so well that people prospered and opposing parties did not succeed. It acted like a dictatorship and jailed those who opposed the way they ruled. It offered the working class many benefits and kept dissension to a minimum.

States must recognize all legal documents issued by another state, such as a driver's licence.

Which best explains the Full Faith and Credit clause within Article IV? States must recognize all legal documents issued by another state, such as a driver's licence. States must recognize the fundamental rights granted to all citizens, such as those protected by the federal government. States are limited in the types of records that can be created, for instance States cannot issue marriage licenses. States are granted permission to complete judicial proceedings and change acts created by federal branches of government, such as the Senate.

They oversee smaller geographical areas.

Which best explains why state governments are better able to focus on the needs of their citizens than the federal government? They have smaller executive branches. They have larger legislative branches. They oversee smaller geographical areas. They oversee a larger infrastructure.

It has protections to keep the military from taking power again.

Which best states what the excerpt says about the constitution's effect on the military? It discourages the military from taking power again. It has protections to keep the military from taking power again. It supports military officers in their mission to protect Brazil. It encourages military officers to follow their superiors.

a US-based coffee chain with locations worldwide

Which business is an example of a multinational corporation? a Canadian restaurant chain with locations across Canada a US-based coffee chain with locations worldwide an Indian automaker that supplies low-cost vehicles across India a British boutique with a few stores located in high-end neighborhoods

a state that sues another for violating interstate trade

Which case would the Supreme Court hear through its original jurisdiction power? a state that sues another for violating interstate trade a man convicted of a crime based on false evidence a teacher prohibited from praying in a school cafeteria a reporter whose First Amendment rights are violated

the difference in voting choices by men and by women

Which correctly describes the current gender gap in voter turnout? the difference between those who register to vote, but do not cast ballots the number of young people who register to vote the difference in voting choices by men and by women the percentage of women who choose to vote

He was a strong military leader who ruled as a dictator.

Which describes Getulio Vargas, who ruled Brazil during the Great Depression? He was a strong leader who shared power with a legislature. He was a strong military leader who ruled as a dictator. He was a strong leader who shared power with the people. He was a strong civilian leader who ruled as a president.

gross domestic product (GDP)

Which economic indicator is the measure of all goods and services produced within a given economy in one year? trade deficit trade surplus gross domestic product (GDP) purchasing power parity (PPP)

Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden was killed after a 10-year pursuit.

Which event in 2011 was cause for celebration in the United States? The war in Afghanistan ended with the election of a democratic government. Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden was killed after a 10-year pursuit. Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein was assassinated in a raid at his palace. The Taliban officially surrendered and agreed to stop its insurgency in Afghanistan.

Democratic governments were established in both countries.

Which event is considered a success in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Democratic governments were established in both countries. The Taliban and Saddam Hussein agreed to give up power. Insurgencies in both countries were permanently ended. The wars were won with few civilian deaths.

Gorbachev made reforms in the Soviet Union.

Which event preceded the revolutions of 1989? Solidarity candidates were elected in Poland. Hungary implemented a free market economy. Communist rule ended in Czechoslovakia. Gorbachev made reforms in the Soviet Union.

the death of the Rwandan president

Which event sparked extremist Hutus to incite genocide against the Tutsis in Rwanda? a new democratic government civil war started by the Tutsis the death of the Rwandan president a peace agreement that the Tutsis refused to sign

stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith

Which example violates the free-exercise Clause? allowing a private company to run weekly prayer sessions allowing a student to wear religious clothing stopping a religious group from praying in a city park stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith

They forced the government to hold free elections.

Which explains how the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo affected Argentina? They forced the government to take military action. They forced the government to hold free elections. They forced the government to increase populist programs. They forced the government to decrease populist programs.

Law enforcement agencies effectively share more information about terrorists.

Which explains how the Patriot Act has helped stop many terrorist plots? It has helped law enforcement agencies keep threats from the public. It has made it easier to communicate with foreign governments. Law enforcement agencies effectively share more information about terrorists. Law enforcement agencies effectively investigate each other for corruption.

Chile's worsening economy led to the government being overthrown by a military junta.

Which explains how the economic situation in Chile in 1980 affected its government? Chile's improving economy led to the government overthrowing a military junta. Chile's worsening economy led to the government electing a socialist president. Chile's worsening economy led to the government being overthrown by a military junta. Chile's improving economy led to the government launching populist programs.

democratic free elections began and military rule ended

Which explains the political climate of Argentina after the Dirty War? democratic free elections began and military rule ended a new dictatorship started and military rule ended democratic free elections began while military rule continued a new dictatorship started while military rule continued

reliable freshwater supplies natural resources reliable food sources land for agriculture

Which factors help determine settlement locations? Check all that apply. available electricity functional sewage systems reliable freshwater supplies natural resources reliable food sources land for agriculture

more women moving into the workforce a decrease in the number of marriages greater access to birth control methods advancement in equal rights for women

Which factors most likely contributed to the change on this graph? Check all that apply. more women moving into the workforce a decrease in the number of marriages an increase in the number of marriages greater access to birth control methods advancement in equal rights for women the pursuit of traditional gender roles

expanding investment in national defense

Which is a component of the modern Republican Party's platform? extending the role of government into industries that have been traditionally private, like healthcare reducing government oversight of economic practices reducing the role of government in industries that have been traditionally private, like energy production expanding investment in national defense

the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime

Which is a grand jury right? the right to the same treatment and rules that all citizens receive the right to avoid confessing to a crime the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime the right to avoid being tried twice for the same crime

Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.

Which is a main idea in the Ninth Amendment? Privacy rights must be respected, unless forbidden by the state law. Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected. Certain rights are included in the Constitution and should be protected. Some rights found in the Constitution should be denied in certain situations.

People can make their own lawful decisions.

Which is a main idea in the right to privacy? People can make their own lawful decisions. People can protect their property by any means necessary. People can decide if the government is intruding in their lives. People can keep any possessions without government intervention.

The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with shared rights for citizens.

Which is a true statement about the Privileges and Immunities Clause? The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with amending the Constitution. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with rights for enslaved persons. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with shared rights for citizens. The Privileges and Immunities Clause deals with ratifying the Constitution.

A state is not allowed to tax federal money because federal law is superior.

Which is an example of federal supremacy? Congress does not have the power to create federal banks. The Supreme Court can decide whether a law or act is constitutional. Congress has powers that are not specifically outlined in the Constitution. A state is not allowed to tax federal money because federal law is superior.

Coastal homes are elevated on stilts where hurricanes are common.

Which is an example of how the environment affects how people live? Heavy, inflexible buildings are built where earthquakes are common. Homes are built on any type of land in places where earthquakes are common. Coastal homes are elevated on stilts where hurricanes are common. People do not need to protect windows and doors in places where hurricanes are common.

The National party

Which is at the top of the political party organization? Volunteers Local organizations State parties The National party

It has more members than the Senate.

Which is generally true of the lower house in a state legislative branch? It manages state agencies. It oversees state elections. It has more members than the Senate. It has fewer members than the Senate.

an economy managed by the government

Which is the best definition of a command economy? an economy based on supply and demand an economy managed by the government an economy based on one type of product an economy under the command of workers

the use of foreign resources instead of domestic resources

Which is the best definition of the term outsource? an economic activity without major restrictions the use of foreign resources instead of domestic resources a hiring process by a company that does business in two or more nations the trend toward a world that is more interconnected by technology, trade, and travel

i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote.ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution.iii. Nine of the thirteen original states had to approve it.iv. The Constitution became law.

Which lists the steps involved in approving the Constitution in the correct order? i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote.ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution.iii. Nine of the thirteen original states had to approve it.iv. The Constitution became law. i. The Constitution was sent to Congress for a vote.ii. Congress voted on whether to approve the Constitution.iii. Two-thirds of Congressional representatives had to approve it.iv. The Constitution became law. i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote.ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution.iii. All of the original states had to approve it.iv. The Constitution became law. i. The Constitution was sent to Congress for a vote.ii. Congress voted on whether to approve the Constitution.iii. Three-fourths of Congressional representatives had to approve it.iv. The Constitution became law.

A civilian president was elected.

Which major change took place in Nigeria in 1999? Ethnic tensions came to an end. A peace treaty concluded the civil war. Military leaders led a government coup. A civilian president was elected.

Cambodia Laos Vietnam

Which of the following countries were part of French Indochina? Check all that apply. Philippines Burma Cambodia Malaysia Laos Vietnam

limiting campaign contributions

Which of the following did Robert La Follette propose for election reform? changing the voting requirements removing candidate age restrictions limiting campaign contributions lowering the voting age

Muslims

Which of the following groups attempted insurgency against the newly independent Philippine government? Christians Hindus Muslims Buddhists

Cambodia Indonesia Vietnam

Which of the following nations achieved independence through armed rebellion? Check all that apply. Burma Malaysia Cambodia Indonesia Vietnam

the direct primary

Which of the following was a Robert La Follette reform that changed the way candidates were chosen in an election? the Eighteenth Amendment the indirect primary the paper ballot the direct primary

PACs provide financial support to political campaigns. PACs are regulated by the Federal Election Commission.

Which of these are true of political action committees (PACs) but not of interest groups? Select all that apply. PACs promote social causes. PACs provide financial support to political campaigns. PACs are international organizations. PACs are supported by corporate interests. PACs are regulated by the Federal Election Commission.

a group formed to influence government policy

Which of these best describes an interest group? a group formed to support political campaigns financially a group that meets with lawmakers to influence legislation a group formed to influence government policy a group driven by the political interests of the community

the ability to hear discussions on laws and the lawmaking process

Which of these best describes what the media generally facilitate for the public? the ability to actively participate in policy making the ability to communicate with government officials and lawmakers the ability to try to influence policy decisions the ability to hear discussions on laws and the lawmaking process

It offers advantages to those with money.

Which of these is a negative impact of lobbying? It makes businesses too transparent. It favors groups over the individual. It enables outsiders to influence lawmakers. It offers advantages to those with money.

by connecting on social media

Which of these is a way in which politicians, particularly on the state and national level, would most likely interact with citizens online? through instant messaging by connecting on social media through local town-hall meetings by private messages

collecting taxes

Which of these is considered a concurrent power? establishing schools drafting soldiers coining money collecting taxes

Campaigns are complex undertakings, and candidates must hire staff members to manage specific activities.

Which of these is the best reason to explain why candidates for office hire campaign staff to run their campaigns? Campaigns are complex undertakings, and candidates must hire staff members to manage specific activities. If candidates for office lose their runs for office, they can blame staff members for what went wrong. Candidates hire staff members because campaigns provide an opportunity to give jobs to family members and friends. Campaigns are run according to accepted rules, and one of those rules is that candidates for office must hire campaign staff.

counties and municipalities

Which of these levels of governments are categorized as local governments? counties and states states and municipalities counties and municipalities counties, states, and municipalities

setting up school systems

Which of these powers are under the control of the states? setting up school systems regulating commerce coining money declaring war

Reasonable bail must be set.

Which of these provisions is part of the Eighth Amendment? Witnesses must appear in court. A speedy trial is required. Counsel must be provided. Reasonable bail must be set.

In most states, each individual county has its own government.

Which of these statements about counties is true? Counties determine state laws, and towns determine local laws. In most states, each individual county has its own government. The federal constitution determines the structure of a county government. Several states may make up one county and share the same government.

A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.

Which of these statements best describes double jeopardy? A citizen cannot be indicted before being tried for a serious crime. A citizen cannot be forced to testify to a crime. A citizen cannot be forced to testify for more than one day in court. A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.

All people need an attorney's help in court.

Which of these statements best summarizes Black's argument? Educated people should represent themselves in court. All people need an attorney's help in court. Lawyers should not be allowed in court. An innocent person does not need a lawyer in court.

both within and outside one's home country

Which phrase describes where terrorism typically occurs? only outside one's home country both within and outside one's home country only inside one's home country both within and outside rich countries

the right to be left alone

Which privacy right is protected by Supreme Court decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade? the right to life the right to enjoy life the right to be left alone the right to share ideas

Which ethnic groups live in this community?

Which question would a demographer most likely ask? Which ethnic groups live in this community? Which officials sit on the city's school board? What is the price of gasoline and oil in this area? Which landforms and waterways make up this region?

an initiative

Which reform measure could people use if they wanted to change a law about taxes? a direct primary an initiative a recall an impeachment

centralized power

Which type of governmental power does a unitary system hold? centralized power state power shared power local power

original

Which type of jurisdiction do federal trial courts have? limited original appelate general

The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures.

Which statement accurately describes the Fourth Amendment? The Fourth Amendment gives citizens the right to refuse a search under any circumstances. Police officers may seize anything they find suspicious. The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures. A police officer can search someone's home, so long as a judge is present.

Women tend to marry at a younger age than men.

Which statement accurately explains the data on this graph? Women tend to marry at a younger age than men. Men tend to marry at a younger age than women. Both men and women marry at younger ages. Men and women marry at the exact same age.

A communist government is led by one political party.

Which statement best defines a communist government? A communist government gives power to multiple branches. A communist government is an autocracy. A communist government is led by one political party. A communist government allows for limited voting.

The media inform the public, who can then give their opinions to policymakers.

Which statement best describes how the media influence policy development? The media keep lawmakers informed of what is happening in government. The media inform the public, who can then give their opinions to policymakers. The media present opinions and ideas that inspire policymakers. The media make it easier for government officials to communicate with one another.

The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court may give the judicial branch multiple opportunities to interpret the Constitution.

Which statement best describes how the structure of the judicial branch affects its interpretation of the Constitution? The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court may give the judicial branch multiple opportunities to interpret the Constitution. The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court give the judicial branch only one opportunity to interpret the Constitution. The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court force the judicial branch to answer to the executive branch. The system of federal courts and a Supreme Court force the judicial branch to answer to the legislative branch.

All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court.

Which statement best describes the impact of the Gideon decision? The police now have additional resources to track down criminals. All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court. People with no savings may now raise bail that they could not otherwise afford. Trials that deal with serious crimes can now move forward quickly.

The media presents information, allowing the public to stay informed about current and proposed laws.

Which statement best describes the media's role in informing the public on government affairs? The media presents information, allowing the public to stay informed about current and proposed laws. The media's constant presentation of information requires that the public gain a comprehensive understanding of policy. The media works hard to ensure that everyone has access to the same information at all times. The media's experts develop highly informed opinions about current events to ensure that people make the right decisions.

It is a plan that is still used in many cities today.

Which statement best supports the idea that the council-manager system is an effective form of city government? It became the basis for many state governments. It is the only form of city government in use today. It is a plan that is still used in many cities today. It relies on a board of commissioners.

It is practiced against a group's own country by some to bring attention to specific problems in society.

Which statement describes domestic terrorism? It is practiced against a group's own country by some to bring attention to specific problems in society. It is practiced outside a group's own country by some as a way to bring about political or social change. It is practiced by government officials against violent groups located within their own country. It is practiced by strong nations who seek to expand influence outside their own country.

The federal and state governments share powers, but federal power is supreme.

Which statement is an accurate description of the American federal system? States can make their own choices, as they have power over all laws. State and federal governments are run separately, without any overlap. The federal government informs states of what is and what is not considered legal. The federal and state governments share powers, but federal power is supreme.

After boarding four planes, terrorists attacked flight crews and took over the planes' controls. Many of the terrorists involved in the attack were trained at flight schools in the United States. The terrorists flew two of the planes into the World Trade Center buildings in New York City. The planes brought down the World Trade Center buildings after jet fuel caused a large fire.

Which statements are true of the September 11, 2001, attacks against the United States? Check all that apply. After boarding four planes, terrorists attacked flight crews and took over the planes' controls. Many of the terrorists involved in the attack were trained at flight schools in the United States. The terrorists flew two of the planes into the World Trade Center buildings in New York City. The terrorists used remote devices to fly planes into targets in New York City and Washington, DC. The planes brought down the World Trade Center buildings after jet fuel caused a large fire. The terrorists attempted to board planes but were stopped by airport security measures.

They carried out dozens of bombings and attacks to bring attention to their cause. They opposed the presence of the United States in the Middle East.

Which statements best describe al-Qaeda? Check all that apply. They played a critical role in stopping terrorist attacks worldwide. They carried out dozens of bombings and attacks to bring attention to their cause. They sought the help of the United States in stopping attacks in the Middle East. They opposed the presence of the United States in the Middle East. They used surveillance to identify international terrorist plots.

international volunteers

Who fought on the side of the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War? anti-communist groups fascist rebel troops a professional army international volunteers

members of the community

Who serves on a school board? teachers appointed by the school a mayor and city council school superintendents members of the community

He was a leader of the Bolsheviks in Russia.

Who was Vladimir Lenin? He was a leader of the Bolsheviks in Russia. He was a Russian activist who was executed. He was a Russian general during World War I. He was a member of Russia's provisional government.

Nicholas II

Who was the last tsar to rule Russia? Alexandra Alexei Nicholas II Rasputin

supporters of Mussolini's ideology

Who were the Blackshirts? citizens who opposed Mussolini members of the Italian secret police wealthy Italian industrialists and army officers supporters of Mussolini's ideology

Commanders encouraged their soldiers to be as brutal as possible.

Why did Japanese soldiers kill so many civilians in Nanking, China? Commanders encouraged their soldiers to be as brutal as possible. Civilians attacked the soldiers first, and then the soldiers retaliated. Soldiers were inexperienced at fighting and panicked under pressure. Chinese forces were closing in, so the soldiers took desperate measures.

Its primarily Chinese population was facing threats and conflict from the Malay majority of the country.

Why did Singapore secede from Malaysia? Its primarily Chinese population was facing threats and conflict from the Malay majority of the country. It felt that the Malaysian government was not doing enough to preserve Chinese history and culture in the country. Communist rebels in Malaysia were continuously trying to force Chinese citizens to relocate to China. Chinese citizens in Malaysia did not approve of the way Malaysia won independence from France.

It allowed Marbury to take his case to the Supreme Court.

Why did William Marbury most likely support the Judiciary Act of 1789? It allowed Marbury to take his case to the Supreme Court. It overruled James Madison and confirmed Marbury's appointment. It said that James Madison's actions were unconstitutional. It limited the Constitution's power to affect Marbury's case.

It was believed that helping would make the United States grant the Philippines independence.

Why did the Philippines help the United States fight the Spanish during the Spanish-American War? It was trying to assert its independence from Spain. It was forced to since it was controlled by the United States. It was believed that helping would make the United States grant the Philippines independence. It wanted to make a good impression on the nation that controlled it.

Peasants were not allowed to keep food until they met government quotas.

Why did the Soviet government's transition to collectivization result in widespread starvation? Peasants were not allowed to keep food until they met government quotas. Collectivization's new methods resulted in a slowdown in crop production. Many people were forced out of jobs when farms turned to collectivization. The government punished former farm workers who refused industrial jobs.

Tennessee had not redistricted since 1901, keeping rural districts in power.

Why did the US Supreme Court rule against the state of Tennessee in Baker v. Carr? Tennessee had discriminated in favor of city voters over rural voters. Tennessee had not redistricted since 1901, keeping rural districts in power. Tennessee had refused to create districts that were the same shape. Tennessee had refused to take part in the national census.

to fight the Spanish-American War

Why did the United States become involved in the Philippines' affairs? to help establish a democracy in preparation for independence to fight the Spanish-American War to create a base there during World War II to fight a dictatorship there

It can pollute the air. It can pollute wells. It can increase climate change. It can cause injection-induced earthquakes.

Why do people protest fracking? Check all that apply. It can pollute the air. It can decrease oil production. It can pollute wells. It can increase climate change. It can cause injection-induced earthquakes. It can make gas reserves harder to reach.

to gain a political advantage

Why do political parties most often try to gerrymander voting districts? to gain a political advantage to ensure an equal chance for all candidates to prove they deserve the voters' support to keep each voting district the same shape

It established speech rights for students.

Why does Tinker v. Des Moines remain an important precedent-setting case? It solely protected speech rights in war protests. It applied prior restraint in schools. It established speech rights for students. It stopped students from stating unpopular opinions.

Most people never learned the fate of their loved ones.

Why is Zina Hasanovic referred to as "one of the lucky ones"? Her husband was among the handful who survived. Very few were able to escape the fighting without harm. The family's close friend managed to outsmart the enemy. Most people never learned the fate of their loved ones.

It describes the relationship between federal and state power.

Why is the Supremacy Clause considered to be "the root of federalism"? It describes the relationship between federal and state power. It outlines the basic rights due to every American citizen. It lists the powers that are directly reserved for each of the states. It identifies the "supreme law of the land" as the US president.

The government exerts total control.

Why is the name "totalitarianism" appropriate for that form of government? The government promotes total freedom. The government exerts total control. The government advocates total reform. The government gives total protection.

Water shortages are expected in 40 states before the year 2026.

Why is water conservation necessary? We need to prepare for the future even though water is plentiful now. Water shortages are expected in 40 states before the year 2026. Citizens must use less water because the government does not enforce conservation. Reservoirs are full throughout the nation, so there is nowhere to store excess water.

People have different opinions on whether state or federal government should have power to control certain issues.

Why might balancing federal and state powers present a problem? The Constitution does not address how to handle conflicts between state and federal powers. People have different opinions on whether state or federal government should have power to control certain issues. The federal government does not believe states are responsible enough for concurrent powers. The balance applies only to implied powers, which are often open to misinterpretation.

The economy still made sizable gains.

Why was Joseph Stalin's first Five-Year Plan considered a success, even though it did not meet the quotas he set? The economy still made sizable gains. People were willing to be patient. Few expected the quotas to be met. Stalin misreported economic data.

The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past.

Why was freedom of religion added to the First Amendment? The colonists wanted prayer taken out of schools. The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past. The colonists wanted Catholicism to be the country's main religion. The colonists thought the government should have religious control.

They approved the policy of ethnic cleansing in the war.

Why were dozens of Serbs convicted of war crimes? They started a war that led to thousands of deaths on both sides. They approved the policy of ethnic cleansing in the war. They started a war that was not sanctioned by the Serbian people. They openly disobeyed the orders of the Serbian president.

Their children were missing.

Why were the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo upset with Argentina's military government? Their children were missing. Their children had no schools. Their children were hungry. Their children had no homes.

The information is freely given to others.

Why would the right to privacy implied in the Ninth Amendment not protect an individual writing a blog? The information is freely given to others. The writer may express dangerous ideas. The information may be unreliable or untruthful. The writer may be hiding behind a false identity.

a reserved power.

Writing a state constitution is an example of an implied power. a reserved power. a concurrent power. an expressed power.