principles of management midterm/ finals
The process of choosing one alternative from among a set of alternatives is called ____. a. rational ignorance b. altruism c. bounded rationality d. decision making e. groupthink
d
89. A nonprogrammed decision ____. a. is relatively more frequent than programmed decisions b. is highly structured c. requires more time and resources than programmed decisions d. is typically regarding daily organizational transactions e. typically applies to basic operating systems and procedures
c
consumer tastes and preferences are ______ forces that influence an organzation's product line. A. Technical B. internal C. managerial D. external E. Political
D
107. Which type of departmentalization has the advantage of reducing the number of skills a manager must possess? a. location b. customer c. sequential d. functional e. product
d
What are the three steps in the Lewin model of change? a. recognizing, planning, and implementing B. unfreezing, goal setting, and refreezing C. unfreezing, refreezing, and evaluating D.selecting, implementing, and reinforcing
B
What is the basis of effective communication? a. transmitting a message from sender to receiver B. consistency of meaning C. support of basic management functions D. the interpretation of meaning E. nonverbal feedback
B
Which of the following is an effective way of overcoming resistance to change? a. using micromanagement techniques b. using facilitation techniques c. encouraging employees to express feelings of loss d. limiting employee involvement in the change process e. minimizing communication
B
Why should organizations avoid reactive changes when possible? A.Managers cannot accurately anticipate future events. B.There is an increased likelihood of poorly conceived and executed change. C.Internal forces and reactions are often a reflection of external forces. D. Decisions will likely become a permanent part of the system. E.Employees will lose faith in the leadership of the organization, creating turnover.
B
58. According to the planning process described in the text, operational plans flow directly from ____. a. strategic goals b. strategic plans c. tactical plans d. the organization's purpose e. the organization culture
c
34. Contemporary organization theory has its roots in ____. a. Weber's work on bureaucracy b. Fayol's 14 principles of management c. Barnard's work on acceptance of authority d. Taylor's work on job design e. Gilbreth's work in time and motion studies
a
17. Kaia's organization allow employees to work remotely. This was accomplished by giving everyone a laptop for their home and access to online conferencing technology. This is a(n) ____ function of management. a. organizing b. controlling c. coordinating d. leading e. planning
A
The physical positioning or geographic site of an office or factory is a ____ decision. A. facilities B. layout C. capacity D. location e. quality
D
What is the outcome when an organization uses its operations function effectively? A. improved manufacturing processes B. less reliance on value and utility functions C.improved quality but at the cost of productivity D.. increased competitiveness e. increased sales
D
Which communication network pattern offers a fairly even flow of information, but two people interact with only one other person? A.grapevine B. Y C. wheel D. Ochain E. circle
D
Which of the following refers to using resources wisely and in cost- effective way? A. Complexity B. Effectiveness C. Pervasiveness D. Efficiency E. Reliability
D
20. Which of the following statements correctly describes the early practice of management? a. The practice of management began about 100 years ago. b. Early economists were concerned with managerial efficiency and effectiveness. c. By 1900, most organizations were large. d. Survival was not an issue in most organizations before 1900. e. The scientific study of management as a field of inquiry dates back to the nineteenth century.
E
99. What can be used to balance the negative aspects of specialization by allowing workers to do a different type of work each day? a. job rotation b. job enlargement c. work team creation d. job enrichment e. autonomy
a
In environmental SWOT analysis, the external organizational position is analyzed according to its ____. a. opportunities and threats b. opportunities and weaknesses c. distinctive competence d. business-level strategy e. return on investment
a
106. Product departmentalization has the disadvantages that ____ and administrative cost is increased. a. decision making is slowed b. performance of individual product lines is hard to assess c. managers often fail to focus on what is good for the organization as a whole d. experts are concentrated in one area e. the organization must have skilled specialists to deal with each client group
c
8. Job ____ refers to the degree to which the organization's overall task is broken down and divided into smaller component parts. a. delegation b. departmentalization c. organization d. specialization e. decentralization
d
101. Teachers at South Elementary School are allowed to pair up and teach a class twice as large as others. This allows the teachers to specialize in the subjects they most enjoy. The team teachers now share control over the classroom. The team teaching decreases ____. a. autonomy b. compensation c. task significance d. feedback e. task identity
a
103. Which approach to job design takes into account the work system and employee preferences by considering the core dimensions of skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback? a. job characteristics b. chain of command c. delegation d. enrichment e. rotation
a
105. A regional manufacturing operation has the following divisions: manufacturing, finance, human resources, marketing, and shipping/receiving. This is an example of ____ departmentalization. a. functional b. location c. product d. customer e. sequential
a
128. Based on the comprehensive approach to change, ____ is the last step in the change process. a. diagnosis of relevant variables b. actual implementation c. evaluation and follow-up d. recognition of the need for change e. establishment of goals for the change
e
24. What is a piecemeal response to circumstances as they develop? a. planned change b. programmed change c. premeditated change d. natural change e. reactive change
e
45. Unemployment rates, interest rates, and economic growth are part of the ____ dimension of organizations. a. legal b. sociocultural c. technological d. political e. economic
e
23. What is generally true about management theories that are used to build organizations and guide them to their goals? a. They are grounded in reality. b. They are abstract. c. They are simple. d. They are scientific in nature. e. They must be quantifiable to work.
A
26. Robert Owen, a British industrialist and reformer, recognized the importance of an organization's ____. a. human resources b. productivity c. administrative management d. efficiencies of production e. Replacing workers with machines
A
A smile, a thumbs up, or a smiley face emoji are all examples of A. encoding B. evidence C. noise D. information E. Data
A
After a firm decides its product-service mix, what is the logical next step? A. design an efficient operations system B.determine the location of production facilities C. decide on effective product layouts D. determine capacity E. determine customer location
A
Most traditional assembly lines use a A.product B.cellular C. random D.fixed-position E. process
A
18. When employees work remotely, conference calls and emails can be used to check on employee availability and productivity. This is part of the ____ function of management. a. organizing b. controlling c. coordinating d. leading e. planning
B
21. Robert Owen (1771-1858), a British industrialist, recognized the importance of the human aspect of production. Owen believed workers deserved all EXCEPT which of the following? a. respect and dignity b. paid time off c. good working conditions d. decent pay e. reduced hours
B
24. How can managers use knowledge of theory and history in contemporary organizations? a. to develop abstract ideas b. as the basis for new, personal theories c. as a way to set organizational goals d. to apply rules of scientific management to current issues being faced e. as a source of answers to recurring problems
B
29. Chester Barnard, former president of New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, made notable contributions to management regarding ____. a. individual job efficiency b. the acceptance of authority c. management processes d. dynamic organizations e. individual rights and liberties
B
30. Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, was the first to identify managerial functions that reflect the core of the management process. Which of the following is one of those functions? a. needs fulfillment b. organizing c. labor relations d. supporting e. time management
B
A company has set an objective to increase its product sales by 20 percent in the next two years.According to the comprehensive approach to change, which step of the change process is this company in? A.recognition of the need for change B. stablishment of goals for the change C selection of the appropriate change technique D. planning for implementation of the change E.evaluation and follow-up
B
An organization that transforms resources into an intangible output in order to create time or place utility for its customers is known as company. a. an outsourcing b. a service C. a manufacturing D. the International Organization for Standardization 900 E. a total quality management
B
Ave and Raphael work well together and have a great deal of respect for the work of each other, but they really have little to talk about other than the rob they are doing. How can Avec and Raphael help the work relationship evolve into a more positive interaction? A.They can accept that they have negative interpersonal dynamics, They should look for common ground. B.They should only work together on issues where they agree. C. They can each do the work where their strengths lie D. They should focus on goal accomplishment.
B
Decisions regarding quality, cost, and design of products and services are all part of the mix. A. product-capacity b. product-service C. facilities-service D. service-location E. layout-process
B
Fast food restaurants that assemble breads, spreads, and fillings as per the customers' preferences A.service B.manufacturing C.automotive D. importing E. exporting
B
If the product is a physical good, operations create value and provideused to create it. dissimilar inputs to make something that more valuable than the actual cost of the inputs a. time b. form c. place d. service e. statistical
B
In automation, _____ are the parts of the system that gather information and compare it to preset standards. A. feedback system B. sensors c. robots d. mechanical arms e. control mechanism
B
In the national football league, the stadium are _____ resources a. competitive b. physical c. human d. financial e. informational
B
16. Atmir allows his employees to make decisions that relate to their jobs, with the goal of furthering the interests of the organization. Which management function is Atmir using when he decentralizes the decision-making process? a. controlling b. organizing c. leading d. planning e. motivating
C
32. Which of the following focuses on the management of the entire firm as opposed to the jobs of individual workers? a. management science b. the contingency theory c. administrative management d. the bureaucratic perspective e. scientific management
C
A food distributor provides to the retail outlets. A. form B. time C. place D.product E. tangible
C
According to the results of a classic study, employee participation A. reduces the need for communication B.encourages employees to resist change increases productivity and satisfaction C. increases turnover rates D. creates a centralized structure
C
Inflation, the cost of living, and money supplies are external forces for change in the ____ dimension. A. political B. social C. economic D. cultural E. technological
C
People who support one another and who work well together can accomplish much more than people who do not support one another and who do not work well together. What is this an example of? A. communication B social support c synergy d.motivation e. ethics
C
What is the first step in the communication process? A. forming words or expressions to encode an idea B. interpreting a message to the best of our ability C.having a fact, idea, or opinion to share D. sending a message through an appropriate channel E. determining the audience
C
When designing operations systems, one should start by determining the A. capacity B. location C.) product-service mix D. layout E. location of the market
C
Which of the following describes the managerial activities used by an organization to transform resources into products or services? A. capacity B. product-service mix (c.)operations management D. manufacturing E. process contro
C
Which of the following is an integral characteristic of effective communication? A. the oral mode of transmission used by the speaker B. the overload of information provided to the listener by the speaker C. The message received by the listener is close to the meaning intended by the speaker d. the advanced information technology used by the speaker to communication p E. the presence of noise in the communication process
C
19. Selecting the course of action that would most likely lead to success would be included in which management function? a. organizing b. controlling c. leading d. reporting e. planning
D
27. Which pioneer in management focused his attention on efficiencies of production? a. Charles Babbage b. Mary Parker Follett c. Robert Owen d. Douglas McGregor e. Frederick Taylor
D
28. Which type of management focuses on improving the performance of individual workers? a. administrative b. behavioral c. human relations d. scientific e. contingency
D
31. Which of these management pioneers developed a process for scheduling complex projects over a span of time? a. Lillian Gilbreth b. Frederick Taylor c. Harrington Emerson d. Henry Gantt e. Max Weber
D
41. Which of the following is part of an organization's general environment? a. the physical work environment b. regulatory agencies c. suppliers d. interest rates e. customers
D
Achieving organizational goals efficiently and effectively A. is necessary to make logical decisions. B. is not necessary for successful management but is desirable. C. ensures that all employees will work together effectively. D. rarely occurs in private sector organizations. E. is the primary purpose of the management process.
E
Based on the comprehensive approach to change,_____ is the last step in the change process. A. diagnosis of relevant variables B. actual implementation C. evaluation and follow-up D.recognition of the need for change E. establishment of goals for the change
E
Effective communication is the process of A. sending and receiving messages B.transmitting data from one person to another C.transmitting information from one person to another D.transmitting data from one person to another in a way that has meaning E. sending a message so that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the intended message
E
In automation, which of the following sends instructions to the automatic machine? a. Feedback b. Sensors c. Agrimation d. Steering system e. Control mechanism
E
Managers can overcome resistance to change by A.not letting employees know about the change B.letting employees know about the change only after it has been successfully implemented c. limiting the involvement of employees in the change process d.minimizing communication during the change process announcing the change far in advance
E
55. What is an effective way to establish one common vision and direction when organizations with different cultural norms merge? a. Promote employees whose behaviors are consistent with the desired culture. b. Promote internal competition among divisions. c. Reinforce the slogans and ceremonies that made each group successful. d. Recognize that cultural change can only be achieved by replacing the top leaders of both firms. e. Terminate all employees who do not comply with cultural norms.
a
64. A(n) ____ for Choice Waste Management could be "to develop a recycling campaign for rural communities of less than 1000 customers." It would develop naturally out of a strategic goal seeking "to increase recycling by 10% everywhere." a. tactical goal b. mission statement c. operational goal d. operational plan e. vision
a
104. Which of the following represents the grouping of jobs into some logical arrangement? a. specialization b. departmentalization c. job rotation d. delegation e. job design
b
108. What happens to speed and effectiveness when using product departmentalization? a. It is more difficult to assess. b. It is enhanced. c. It cannot be accounted for. d. It varies based on the product group. e. It is measured differently for each product group.
b
126. Why should organizations avoid reactive changes when possible? a. Managers cannot accurately anticipate future events. b. There is an increased likelihood of poorly conceived and executed change. c. Internal forces and reactions are often a reflection of external forces. d. Decisions will likely become a permanent part of the system. e. Employees will lose faith in the leadership of the organization, creating turnover.
b
129. A company has set an objective to increase its product sales by 20 percent in the next two years. According to the comprehensive approach to change, which step of the change process is this company in? a. recognition of the need for change b. establishment of goals for the change c. selection of the appropriate change technique d. planning for implementation of the change e. evaluation and follow-up
b
131. What are the three steps in the Lewin model of change? a. recognizing, planning, and implementing b. unfreezing, implementing, and refreezing c. unfreezing, goal setting, and refreezing d. unfreezing, refreezing, and evaluating e. selecting, implementing, and reinforcing
b
87. Which of the following statements is true about the decision-making process? a. It exclusively applies to problem situations. b. It requires that the nature of a particular situation be defined. c. It seldom applies to situations that are positive. d. It typically involves only one individual and seldom applies to groups. e. It results in the generation of only one alternative.
b
A(n) ____ would come under the heading of the economic element of the general environment. a. increase in the number of single-parent families b. increase in unemployment c. large increase in immigration d. increase in the mean age of the population e. significant decrease in the birthrate
b
02. . When fire fighters go on a call, they must focus on each job duty because it could mean the difference between life and death. They create ____. a. autonomy b. feedback c. task significance d. skill variety e. task identity
c
91. In decision making, a condition of ____ exists when a decision maker knows what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative. a. risk b. uncertainty c. certainty d. imperfect information e. ambivalence
c
97. What is the determination of an individual's work-related responsibilities? a. organization structure b. organization design c. job design d. departmentalization e. delegation
c
In the women's national basketball association, the coahces, managers, and players are _______ resources a. physical b. finacial c. human d. informational e. intellectual
c
127. According to the Lewin model of organization change process, refreezing involves ____. a. recognizing why the change is necessary b. informing people about the change c. the implementation of the change d. reinforcing the change so that it becomes a part of the system e. repeating the organization change process at frequent intervals
d
130. According to the comprehensive approach to change, what is the second step in the change process? a. recognizing the need for change b. implementing the change c. selecting a change technique d. establishment of goals e. overcoming resistance to change
d
25. Based on the forces for change, what is a primary reason for problems that organizations face? a. lack of understanding of the political environment b. the elimination of sociocultural shifts in the internal environment c. failure to separate the task environment from change d. failure to make change so that it does not extend outside of the immediate environment e. failure to anticipate or respond to change properly
d
38. Which of the following is a key element in the effective management of an organization? a. understanding the organizational hierarchy b. authoritarianism c. being manipulative d. determining the alignment between the organization and the environment e. being cognizant of the environment in which his or her supervisors operate
d
47. The ____ is the portion of an organization's environment that deals with morals, values, and demographic characteristics. a. sociocultural element of the task environment b. political-legal element of the general environment c. political-legal element of the task environment d. organization's internal environment e. sociocultural element of the general environment
e
52. What type of regulator is formed by its members to attempt to influence organizations? a. board of directors b. regulatory agency c. strategic ally d. controller e. competitor
e
54. Determinants of organizational culture include ____. a. philanthropic giving b. task environment c. whistle-blowing d. ethical compliance e. shared experiences
e
60. Decision making is the process of _____. a. carrying out multiple courses of action as opposed to one b. monitoring day-to-day activities and progress of an organization c. reviewing the finances of an organization d. developing effective business plans based on the organization's environment e. adopting one course of action as opposed to others
e
63. A(n) ____ of Choice Waste Management could be to expand operations in two more countries this year. a. tactical plan b. mission statement c. operational goal d. operational plan e. strategic goal
e
88. A(n) ____ decision is a decision that is relatively structured or recurs with some frequency (or both). a. custom-made b. novel c. unstructured d. intuitive e. programmed
e
95. After winning a large contract, Aisha needs to decide how to staff the project. She is currently calculating the costs of hiring new employees, using overtime, and adding a second shift. At which stage of the decision-making process is Aisha in? a. defining the situation b. determining risk factors c. choosing the best alternative d. executing the decision e. identifying alternatives
e
96. Which of the following is the process of deciding how best to group organizational activities and resources? a. focus b. reporting relationships c. structure d. job design e. organizing
e
An example of a force for change in the task environment of an organization is ___ A. Pricing strategies of competitors B. employee turnover rates C. capital avaliabilty D. employee motivation E. production cost
A
At its most basic level, how can we define communication? A. transmission of information from one person to another B. ideas and effectiveness of meaning C. transmission of information that is received so the receiver understands it D.the proper encoding of a message E. giving information to others
A
Hua spends the majority of the day responding to email, in conferences, and meeting with clients. Which managerial skills does Hua spend most of his time on? a. interpersonal relations b. social support c.team work d. Non verbal communication e.Vertical communication
A
In automation, _____ is the flow of information from the machine back to the sensor. a. feedback b. agrimation c. input instruction d. design e. control mechanism
A
ProDairy Inc. reduced the prices of its products to combat competitors that were selling dairy products at lower prices. This scenario illustrates a force for change present in the of an organization. A..task environment B. supply chain C. internal environment D. legal-political environment E.demographic environment
A
The fact that managers use four classes of resources or inputs to perform organizational processes suggests that management is A. resource-based. B. output-oriented. C. an inefficient process. D. a conversion process. E. not using its environment wisely.
A
The top executives at Delta Inc. have decided to reorganize the corporation from product divisions into geographic sectors. This is a(n) _ force for change. A.internal B. technical C. politica D external E.environmental
A
Which of the following forces for change is present in the task environment of an organization? A. prices at which suppliers sell raw material B. the number of employees in the organzation C. political changes in the country in which the organization operates D. overhead production costs of the organzation E. availabilty of resources in the organization
A
Which of the following is a disadvantage of oral communication? a.It is prone to being inaccurate B. It is hard to use C. It creates obstacles in giving feedback D. It is not comfortable for managers E. It requires considerable amount of preparation.
A
Which of the following is addressed when considering making a capacity decision? a) amount of products to be manufactured location for storage of product b. type of products manufactured c. quality of products to be manufactured d. geographic site of facilities
A
Which of the following is an effective way of overcoming resistance to change? a. allowing employees to participate in the change process b. fostering an environment of uncertainty in the organization c. announcing the change only after it has been implemented d.minimizing communication among employees e.avoiding force-field analysis
A
Which type of change is designed and implemented in an orderly and timely fashion in anticipation of future events? a .planned change b. reactive change c.involuntary change d.organic change e. crisis change
A
A company buys electronic components, assembles them into PCs, and then ships them to customers. In this case the electronic components are for the company. a. outputs B. products C. processes D. inputs E. services
D
According to the Lewin model of organization change process, refreezing involves A. recognizing why the change is necessary B. informing people about the change Cthe implementation of the change D. reinforcing the change so that it becomes a part of the system E. repeating the organization change process at frequent intervals is the last step in the change proces
D
According to the comprehensive approach to change, what is the second step in the change process? A.recognizing the need for change B. implementing the change C.selecting a change technique D.establishment of goals E. overcoming resistance to change
D
Based on the forces for change, what is a primary reason for problems that organizations face? A.lack of understanding of the political environment B.the elimination of sociocultural shifts in the internal environment C.failure to separate the task environment from change D. Failure to make change so that it does not extend outside of the immediate environment E. Failure to anticipate or respond to change properly
D
During the 1970s in the United States, manufacturing entered a long period of decline. Which of the following is the primary reason for this decline? A. modernization of plants B. rise in unemployment C. growth in the service sector D. foreign competition E. recession
D
In ______, CAD and CAM are linked together and computer networks automatically adjust machine plaemnts and settings to enhance flexibility of scheduling a. robotiocs b. automation c. agrimation d. computer - intergrated manufacturin e. flexible manufacturing systems
D
In what way does operations management affect the economic stability of a firm? a. by more effective use of purchasing management B. by determining process layouts C. by bringing customers and products made by others together D.by combining resources into something more valuable than the cost of the individual resources E. by producing more quantity at less cost with improved quality
D
Interpersonal relations in an organization can act as a primary source of A. ethical norms B. group strengths C individual need fulfillment d. need satisfaction e. needed motivation
D
Substantive modification to some part of n organization is known as organization A. synergy B. maturity C. implemntation D. Change E. entropy
D
The communication process begins when a sender wants to transmit a fact, idea, opinion, or other information to a receiver. What occurs next? A. The message is decoded into a form that has meaning for the receiver. B. The sender ensures the message is received. C. The message is transmitted through an appropriate channel or medium. D. The sender encodes the meaning into a form appropriate to the situation. E.The receiver prepares to respond.
D
What is a piecemeal response to circumstances as they develop? A.planned change B.programmed change C.premeditated change D. natural change E.reactive change
E
When determining the best way to encode a message, what should the sender base their choice on? A. the potential for noise B. speed of transmission C. the channel the message will be sent through D. words and expressions that are most meaningful to the sender E. knowledge of the situation and receiver
E
Which of the following is an advantage that written communication has over oral communication? A. more immediate response can be developed. B. Nonverbal cues are more easily understood. C. It is faster than oral communication. D. It is more suitable when a message is personal. e. It provides a permanent record of an exchange.
E
Which type of layouts are used in operations settings that create a variety of products, and each step of the conversion task has a different workstation or department? A. product B. cellular C.random d. fixed-position process e. process
E
Why are positive interpersonal relations in an organization important? A. They improve the communication process through use of facial express and body language. B. They eliminate the need for social support within the organization. C.They eliminate poor-quality working relationships in others. D. They allow more accurate information to flow through the organization E.) They are a source of satisfaction for many people.
E
119. An example of a force for change in the task environment of an organization is ____. a. pricing strategies of competitors b. employee turnover rates c. capital availability d. employee motivation e. production costs
a
123. Which type of change is designed and implemented in an orderly and timely fashion in anticipation of future events? a. planned change b. reactive change c. involuntary change d. organic change e. crisis change
a
132. Which of the following is an effective way of overcoming resistance to change? a. allowing employees to participate in the change process b. fostering an environment of uncertainty in the organization c. announcing the change only after it has been implemented d. minimizing communication among employees e. avoiding force-field analysis
a
22. The top executives at Delta Inc. have decided to reorganize the corporation from product divisions into geographic sectors. This is a(n) ____ force for change. a. internal b. technical c. politica d. external e. environmental
a
To overcome resistance to change, department managers met with team leaders to share information about new employee policies andprocedures that it proposes to implement, and to involve them in the change process. This scenario illustrates the ____ technique, which helps reduce resistance to change. a. participation b. synergy c. deskilling d. greenwashing e. risk propensity
a
36. Industrial psychology is the practice of applying ____. a. psychology in the industrial revolution b. psychology to worker motivation and selection c. efficiency measures to psychological output d. statistical measures to psychological output e. industrial advancements to medical research
b
09. Span of management is the ____. a. extent to which authority is delegated at the individual level b. extent to which authority is systematically delegated to middle and lower levels of management c. number of subordinates reporting to a particular manager d. process of grouping jobs according to some logical pattern e. number of managers assigned to a department
c
120. Inflation, the cost of living, and money supplies are all external forces for change in the ____ dimension. a. political b. social c. economic d. cultural e. technological
c
133. Managers can overcome resistance to change by ____. a. not letting employees know about the change b. letting employees know about the change only after it has been successfully implemented c. limiting the involvement of employees in the change process d. minimizing communication during the change process
c
134. According to the results of a classic study, employee participation ____. a. reduces the need for communication b. encourages employees to resist change c. increases productivity and satisfaction d. increases turnover rates e. creates a centralized structure
c
121. Substantive modification to some part of an organization is known as organization ____. a. synergy b. maturity c. implementation d. change e. entropy
d
Which is one of the four basic management functions, and requires determining how to group activities and resources? a. organizing b. disciplining c. improvising d. correcting e. motivating
A
93. Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a condition of uncertainty? a. A decision maker greatly relies on intuition, judgment, and experience. b. A decision maker clearly knows all the risks associated with alternatives to a problem. c. A decision maker puts in least effort and uses a pre-determined structure for decision making. d. A decision maker is able to estimate the payoffs and risks associated with alternatives. e. A decision maker identifies only two alternatives to the decision situation.
a
94. What must a decision maker understand in order to make the most effective decision possible? a. the situation driving the decision b. feasible alternatives c. whether there is a problem or an opportunity d. whether the decision is programmed or non-programmed e. who is affected by the decision
a
39. When a locally owned construction firm fears new competition from a national chain, it is experiencing a change in its ____. a. internal environment b. external environment c. physical work environment d. government regulations e. organizational culture
b
37. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed several important strategies to ____. a. improve output b. eliminate soldiering c. eliminate inefficiency d. unify job specialization e. encourage synergy
c
100. In the past, special education teachers were required only to teach their students. Now, a common complaint is that the massive amounts of required paperwork keeps them from performing other job duties well. In this case, ____ did not produce satisfied workers. a. job specialization b. job rotation c. job enrichment d. job enlargement e. a narrow span of management
d
48. Some consumers are willing to pay thousands of dollars for plastic surgery in an attempt to gain an advantage over others. This is an example of the ____ dimension. a. internal b. political-legal c. task d. sociocultural e. economic
d
which of the following is an example of a physical resource neede to operate the company that produces Kenny's Cajun Popcorn a. an industrial size popcorn b. accountants and financial information c. the help of family members who seve as tase- tester d. a marketing campaign e. customer
A
Management can best be defined as ___. A. People working together to achieve a set of goals B. Achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner C. Making the right decision and successfully implementing them D. The set of processes used to get members of the organization to work together E. The ability to be reliable and complete all task in a timely manner
B
The primary purpose of the management process is to A. develop organizational goals and make logical decisions. B. achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. C. ensure that all employees are working together effectively .D. organize the various functions in a logical manner. E. make sure things go as planned.
B
When the right decisions are made and implemented, the management process is considered to be _____. A. centralized B. efficient C. effective D. controlled
B
Which of the following means making the right decisions and then successfully implementing them? a. efficiency b. effectiveness c. pervasiveness d. controlling e. leading
B
4. Which of the following correctly lists all of the basic management functions? a. decision making, controlling, leading, and coordinating b. planning, decision making, organizing, and controlling c. planning and decision making, leading, and organizing d. planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling e. managing, leading, directing, staffing, and evaluating
D
Charles Babbage emphasized the application of mathematics to production problems; thus, his work was a forerunner of ____. a. administrative management b. the contingency theory c. the behavioral school of management d. classical management perspectives e. the systems theory
D
In the national football league, the ticket revenues are ____ resources a. competitive b. physical c. human d. finacial
D
Which of the following can be used to provide managers a sense of heritage and avoid the mistakes of others? a. plato's job specialization description b. historical context of management c. the classical perspective d. the hawthorne studies e. quantitative management practices
D
The purpose of planning and decision making is to ____. a. enhance the company's image b. monitor organizational progress c. structure the organization for effective goal attainment d. get the members of the organization to work together e. serve as a guide for future activities
E
n the National Football League, the promotional ads are a(n) ____ resource. A. international B. physical C. human D. financial E. informational
E
43. An automotive manufacturer sold an auto parts company because profitability was low. The primary environmental dimension considered was ____. a. economic b. technological c. sociocultural d. political-legal e. domestic
a
66. Goals are classified according to their ____, such as marketing, finance, and production, and may include issues of quality, productivity, and innovation. a. area b. specificity c. time frame d. function e. level
a
71. Strategy formulation is ____. a. a set of processes involving the organization's strategies b. the method by which strategies are operationalized c. the same as goal development d. also called corporate-level strategy e. a form of functional strategy
a
72. GE competes in industries ranging from medical devices, to financial services, to turbine engines. GE's mixed strategy is an example of ____ strategy. a. corporate-level b. long-term c. business-level d. functional e. short-term
a
77. What is a strategy? a. A comprehensive plan for accomplishing an organization's goals. b. A unique ability that can be exploited for gain. c. A way of approaching business opportunities and challenges. d. A statement of an organization's fundamental purpose. e. A plan that focuses on carrying out tactical plans to achieve operational goals.
a
80. The starting point in formulating strategies is usually ____. a. a SWOT analysis b. goal implementation c. operational plans d. a mission statement e. a control function
a
83. The area that increases the difficulty of an organization performing at a high level is a ____. a. threat b. strategic limitation c. weakness d. distinct competence e. tactical limitation
a
84. If an organization has higher prices for a similar good or service, the prices are considered to be an organizational ____. a. organizational weakness b. strategic limitation c. strength d. organizational threat e. organizational opportunity
a
92. When decision makers do not know all the risks associated with each alternative or the likely consequences of each one, they are making decisions in a condition of ____. a. uncertainty b. certainty c. ambiguity d. risk e. programming
a
Mikel has just received a counteroffer from the property management company on the lease of a new office. Mikel must decide if he wants to make a counteroffer, with the potential of losing the deal, or accept the offer. The negotiator is making this decision in a condition of ____. a. risk b. certainty c. ambiguity d. pressure e. uncertainty
a
44. Marah's new cell phone has a built in app dedicated to Facebook. The manufacturer of this cell phone added this feature as a change in its ____ environmental dimension. a. economic b. technological c. international d. political-legal e. domestic
b
49. When a deep water oil rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico, the Obama administration initially imposed a moratorium on deep water drilling. This is an example of the ____ dimension. a. internal b. political-legal c. task d. sociocultural e. economic
b
56. Which of the following directly follows from the organization's mission? a. operational plans b. strategic goals c. tactical goals d. tactical plans e. functional plans
b
59. What is considered to be the cornerstone of planning? a. strategy b. decision making c. goal setting d. environmental context e. culture
b
73. The primary concern of strategy implementation is ____. a. the content of the strategy b. how the strategy is operationalized and executed c. goal development d. corporate-level strategy e. functional strategy
b
74. A(n) ____ strategy is a plan chosen and implemented to support specific goals, such as an increase of market share by 5 percent. a. valid b. deliberate c. reliable d. emergent e. synergistic
b
78. What is the advantage of setting business-level strategies? a. Ability to manage several markets at once. b. Ability to focus efforts in a targeted manner. c. Ability to manage shorter-term issues. d. Ability to prioritize resource allocation. e. Ability to find additional distinctive competence.
b
81. What is the practice of duplicating another firm's distinctive competence? a. differential advantage b. strategic imitation c. emergent strategy d. treat reduction e. competitive advantage
b
85. What is a potential downfall when using a SWOT analysis? a. weak mission statement b. subjective assessment c. time and expense d. lack of distinctive competencies e. lack of differentiation strategy
b
76. What is the method by which processes are operationalized or executed within the organization? a. business-level strategy b. strategy formulation c. resource deployment d. strategy implementation e. distinctive competence
d
82. Fort Howard Paper Company has a cost-saving manufacturing process that its competitors cannot imitate. Fort Howard Paper enjoys ____. a. an organizational opportunity b. an organizational threat c. product integration d. a sustained competitive advantage e. product emulation
d
35. Which of the following is one of the key contributions of the classical management perspective? a. applied scientific inquiry to dynamic and complex organizations b. use of universal procedures that are appropriate in all settings c. the attention on management as a valid subject of scientific inquiry d. the idea that employees are resources, not tools e. the application of labor relations as a way to save money and increase output
c
42. The ____ environment is everything outside an organization's boundaries that might affect it. a. internal b. general c. external d. task e. global
c
50. The extent to which an organization is affected by or involved in businesses in other countries refers to its ____. a. political-legal dimension b. economic environment c. international dimension d. sociocultural dimension e. general environment
c
53. Which of the following is an element in the organization's internal environment. a. politics b. a strategic ally c. organization culture d. technology e. laws and regulation
c
57. What is used to explain the fundamental, unique purpose that sets a business apart from other firms of its type? a. a strategic goal b. an operational plan c. a mission statement d. a strategic plan e. a tactical plan
c
67. Southwest Airlines gained access to the Atlanta market when it purchased Air Tran. This is an example of a change in Southwest's ____. a. industry niche b. emergent strategy c. scope d. resource deployment e. corporate-level strategy
c
68. Abercrombie & Fitch uses its ability to manage its supply chain more effectively than most of its competitors to create ____. a. scope b. resource deployment c. a distinctive competence d. synergy e. alignment
c
Which of the following is a dimension of an organization's task environment? a. owners b. board of directors c. regulators d. employees e. organizational culture
c
51. A(n) ____ is two or more companies that work together in joint ventures. a. interest group b. cooperative c. board of directors d. strategic alliance e. task force
d
61. What are the primary inputs for developing tactical goals? a. values b. tactical plans c. operational plans d. strategic goals e. cultural norms
d
62. Different kinds of goals are set by ____. a. department, level, and time b. distance, area, and group c. time, region, and level d. time frame, area, and level e. department, team, and group
d
65. A(n) ____ for Choice Waste Management could be to include a flyer in each bill that explains the Do's and Don'ts of Recycling and to put the information on the web page where customers pay online. It would develop naturally out of a tactical goal seeking "to develop a recycling campaign for rural communities of less than 1,000 customers." a. vision b. mission statement c. operational goal d. operational plan e. strategic goal
d
69. When an airline uses profits from one region to lower prices in another region it is using ____. a. alignment b. synergy c. scope d. resource deployment e. entropy
d
70. Business-level strategy focuses primarily on ____. a. which markets to enter and how to use the firm's money, people, and physical facilities b. which markets to enter and in what areas the firm may have a competitive edge c. which markets to enter and how the parts of the organization enhance the entry d. the areas in which the firm chooses to conduct business in a particular industry or market e. the firm's competitive advantage(s)
d
75. A(n) ____ strategy is a pattern of action that develops over time in an organization in the absence of missions and goals, or despite missions and goals. a. valid b. deliberate c. reliable d. emergent e. synergistic
d
Barnard's theory on the acceptance of managerial authority states that ____. a. supervisors have inherent authority b. supervisors have charismatic authority c. if a supervisor's directive is appropriate to organizational goals, subordinates will comply d. so long as subordinates are able to comply with a supervisor's directives, they will accept his or her authority e. supervisors have no authority unless subordinates are willing to grant it to them
e
