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Who was the landscape architect that is considered one of the earliest pioneers of the modern urban growth era of landscape architecture and introduced the idea of the "outdoor room"?

Garret Eckbo

Who was the prominent landscape architect of the latter nineteenth century who is most prominently known for private estate work and formal Italianate gardens?

Gilmore D. Clarke

01. Every landscape architecture and landscape contracting & management firm should have developed checking systems for internal quality control and technical supervision. Commonly used techniques include some of the following:

I. Client Review

01. Which of the following are true for management of construction observation services?

I. When a project enters the construction stage, the project manager may remain involved or turn the project over to office staff that specializes in services during the construction. II. In the smaller offices, project manager may actually the lead staff person, who carries out the services during the construction, including construction observation and/or supervision. III. Larger offices may have full‐time staff that specialize in construction services.

What is the process through which enables a landscape architect licensed in one state may obtain licensure in another state?

Professional standardization

What was the primary design focus of landscape architecture from the 1860s to about the turn of the twentieth century?

Public parks and open space

01. A construction cost projection should be made after the first phase of the schematic design phase has been completed, or when a project is no more than 35 percent complete.

false

01. It is not the project manager's responsibility to review and approve invoices.

false

01. It is not the responsibility of the landscape architect to review and approve the contractor's applications for payment.

false

01. Private corporations are required by law to pay annual bonuses to their employees.

false

01. Private corporations are required by law to pay overtime to their employees.

false

01. Scope of services included in the proposal is a written explanation or description of the actual project in terms of its elements and its budget.

false

01. Subconsultant contracts cannot be renegotiated if a project is over budget.

false

01. The contractor expects the landscape architect's review of submittals be carried out in a timely manner, causing no delay in the work.

false

01. The project manager is responsible for developing a strategy when a project is over budget.

false

01. When working as a subconsultant, there is more coordination and management responsibility for the landscape architect than when serving as a prime.

false

The LARE is used in both the US and Canada as a means for initial licensure and registration of landscape architects.

false

01. Anyone employed by a design‐build firm does not need any other licensure if he/she holds a licensure in landscape architecture to fully practice design‐build services, including horticultural services for maintenance and management.

true

01. Anyone who is providing professional services to private clients does not need liability insurance.

true

01. Communication with the landscape architect's subconsultants will be through the landscape architect.

true

01. Design‐Build is not considered an acceptable practice type by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA).

true

01. For the landscape architect, the term general public refers to all of those people who may use the project designed by the professional or who in some way may be affected by it.

true

01. Landscape architects at Rain Bird Corp. often do design work.

true

01. Landscape architecture students and professionals have an ethical obligation to learn how to practice the profession in order to serve their clients and protect the health, safety, and welfare of the general public.

true

01. Many legal experts and business managers prefer the scope of work and scope of services to be as detailed as possible in the proposal and in the contract.

true

01. Multiple direct‐consulting relationships have become increasingly popular with owners seeking more control and greater involvement in the outcome of the project.

true

01. Private corporations are required by law to pay for their employees' health insurance.

true

01. Project managers must be technically competent and capable of using the computer software associated with carrying out the service on a typical project.

true

01. The National Park Service does not perform any design of projects in‐house.

true

01. The contractor must maintain safety on the job site.

true

01. The landscape architect has authority to reject work that does not conform to the construction documents and expects the contractors to remedy the rejected work.

true

01. The landscape architect will communicate the contractor's concern to the owner.

true

01. The principal of a landscape architecture or contracting firm is never the project manager.

true

01. There is a greater risk of more claims during construction with clients using low‐bid contractors.

true

01. Under the terms of civil law, the landscape architect will be liable to an injured party if the injured party can prove that a negligent act should have been anticipated and avoided.

true

One must have graduated from an accredited program in landscape architecture in order to call oneself a landscape architect.

true

01. Which of the following organizations serve for the professions of landscape architecture and/or landscape contracting and management?

A. ASLA, NALP, LAAB, CELA, ACLU

01. Which of the following may become factors for Scope Creep?

A. Ambiguous or unrefined project scope definition. B. Lack of sponsorship and stakeholder involvement. C. In consistent process for collecting product requirements. D. Project length.

01. Which of the following grants licensure in landscape architecture and/or landscape construction and management?

A. CLARB

01. Landscape architects work with _________________ more than any other professional discipline.

A. Civil engineers

01. Which of the following are considered essential skills of a project manager?

A. Conceptual skills B. Human skills C. Negotiating skills Technical skills

01. Which is an example of a third‐party obligation for landscape architects?

A. Consulting with a civil engineer

01. Which of the following model of professional‐client relationship, the client has more decision‐making responsibility but relies on the professional to act on their behalf?

A. Contractual

01. Which of the following professional career track provides the most variety in types of projects?

A. Design‐Build Firm

01. What type of access exists between the owner and landscape architect when a landscape architect serves a client as the prime consultant?

A. Direct

01. Which of the following firms was acquired by the international planning, design, and engineering firm AECOM in the year 2005, what was then arguably the largest and most well‐known landscape architecture firm in the world?

A. EDAW

01. Which of the following is not considered a traditional employee benefits but gaining popularity?

A. Educational & Professional Advancement Benefits

01. What is the common name of Professional liability insurance for the landscape architects or landscape contractors?

A. Errors and omissions insurance

01. Having a firm name which is not related to name of owners could provide sustainable name recognition for that firm even if owners/principals depart.

A. False

01. Who is recognized as the most influential landscape architect in planning and design of "parkways"?

A. Fredrick Law Olmsted

01. In the __________________ method of delivering projects, a contractor is hired, usually in a competitive, qualifications‐based selection process, to be on call for work orders that are issued against a master contract, often renewable for a number of years.

A. Job order contracting (JOC)

01. Which is the national accrediting agency for undergraduate and graduate degrees in landscape architecture?

A. LAAB

01. Which of the following large firms has built its success focusing on two main directions: 1) designing with nature and the philosophy espoused by Ian McHarg; and 2) reinforcing the urban fabric of innercity areas?

A. MESA

01. Which of the following is an example of a project‐oriented task of the project manager?

A. Monitoring and documenting all aspects of the project D. Managing all personnel assigned to the project team

01. The LARE consists of which two types of tests:

A. Multiple choice questions with special features such as "hot zone" and "drag and drop." D. Graphic exams and legal knowledge exams

01. Which of the following is not listed by author Michael Bayles' as main areas of the code of ethical conduct for professionals?

A. Obligations to oneself

01. Which of the following is an example of a people‐oriented task of the project manager?

A. Organizing and coordinating the project schedule and keeping it on track.

Historically, more landscape architects have followed which of the following career path than any other option?

A. Private practice—design

01. Who is responsible in a firm for preparing the workload forecast illustrating the amount of work in progress?

A. Project managers

01. What are the three basic factors shared by all design projects (as discussed in this class) that project managers must balance?

A. Proposals, Contracts, Surveys

01. Why do professions of landscape architects and landscape construction and management are required to obtain professional licensure ?

A. Protect public safety, health, and welfare.

01. Which of the following is typical activity of professional societies?

A. Provide lobbying efforts to advance the profession at local, state, and national levels Provide training opportunities for professionals

01. Which of the large firms is employee‐owned?

A. SWA

01. Which of the following firms is well known for its substantial xeric and water conserving design projects?

A. Sasaki Associates

01. Which sections of the LARE possible to take immediately after graduation but before internship required at most states?

A. Sections 1 and 2

01. Which of the following professional career track provides a newcomer with the most responsibilities for project decisions?

A. Small Landscape Architecture Firm

01. Which of the following is the most complicated method of controlling the project schedule?

A. Spreadsheet Bar Charts method

01. This type of communication is used when a document is sent from a landscape architecture or contracting firm to another entity or person.

A. Telephone log

01. Who does the interpret and act on disputes or claims made by the contractor or the owner, including claims for unknown subsurface conditions, where an adjustment is requested for payment or for a time extension?

A. The Landscape Architect

01. Which of the following is a common example of how a project may be over budget?

A. The initial budget of time and expenses were set too low due to a lack of experience with the type of work. B. The client increased the scope of work, and no adjustment was made to the fee to cover the additional work. C. A clerical mistake was made, charging time to the wrong project. The staff selected to work on the project were not experienced with the specific work required

01. What is/are the purpose(s) of professional licensure?

A. To protect public safety, health, and welfare.

01. What is listed as one of the benefits to a firm of using project‐management software?

A. Tracking the schedule of simple projects

01. The contractor must provide the landscape architect and the owner access to the work at all times while work in progress.

A. True

01. This agency develops and publishes guidelines for safe playgrounds.

A. US Consumer Product Safety Commission

01. Which of the following design‐build firm began as a nursery?

A. Valley Crest

01. Which of the following firms, probably, have completed more campus planning and design work?

A. Wallace, Roberts & Todd

Which is the most important service provided by the Council of Landscape Architecture Registration Boards (CLARB)?

Administering the licensure exam (LARE)

01. Which method of delivering projects involved the contractor early in the design development process in more of a partnering approach from the start, and, thus, can result in a give‐and‐take relationship between the landscape architect and the landscape contractor?

C. Construction manager at risk (CM@R)