procedures I final part 1

A PA chest radiograph reveals that the pendulous breasts of the patient are obscuring the base of the lungs. What should be done to lessen the effects of the breast shadow? Select one: a. Ask patient to lift breasts up and outward. b. Use a higher kV (beyond 125) to penetrate tissue. c. Have patient take a deeper inspiration before exposure. d. Take an AP rather than PA projection.

A Ask patient to lift breast up and outward

For an average-size female patient, where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the chest? Select one: a. 7 inches (18 cm) below the vertebra prominens b. 3 inches (7.6 cm) below the jugular notch c. 8 inches (20 cm) below the vertebra prominens d. 2 inches (5 cm) above the shoulders

A. & inches below the vertebra prominens

Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart? Select one: a. 72-inch (183-cm) SID b. High-kV technique c. Performing study erect d. Using high mA and short exposure time

A. 72 inch SID

Which landmark corresponds to the level of first and second sacral vertebrae? Select one or more: a. Anterior superior iliac spines b. Iliac crest c. Symphysis pubis d. Xiphoid process

A. ASIS

A patient enters the ED with a possible hemothorax in the right lung. With help, the patient can sit erect on a cart. Which of the following routines would best demonstrate this condition? Select one: a. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart b. Right lateral decubitus c. Left lateral decubitus Incorrect d. RPO and LAO erect

A. Erect PA and erect Right lateral on cart

Which type of body habitus typically requires that the image receptor be placed landscape rather than portrait for a posteroanterior (PA) chest? Select one: a. Hypersthenic b. Asthenic c. Sthenic d. Hyposthenic

A. Hypersthenic

A patient is erect facing the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45° toward the image receptor. The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior. What is this radiographic position? Select one: a. LAO b. LPO c. Left Lateral d. Posterioranterior

A. LAO

The radiographic position in which the patient is turned 90° from an AP projection with the left side of the body placed against the image receptor (IR) is the: Select one or more: a. Left lateral b. Right lateral c. Left posterior oblique d. Dorsal decubitus

A. Left Lateral

A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the _____ plane. Select one: a. Midcoronal b. Median or midsagittal c. horitzontal d. oblique

A. Midcoronal

An ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. The patient complains of pain in the center of her chest. What positioning routine should be performed on this patient? Select one: a. PA and left lateral projections b. PA and right and left lateral projections c. PA and both decubitus projections d. AP and right lateral projections

A. PA and L lateral projections

The CR for an AP supine chest should be aligned: Select one: a. perpendicular to the long axis of sternum. b. at the level of the jugular notch. c. at the level of the xiphoid process. d. perpendicular to the long axis of the clavicles.

A. Perpendicular to long axis of sternum

A position in which the head is lower than the feet is: Select one: a. Trendelenburg b. Fowler c. Modified Sims d. Supine

A. Trendelenburg

Collapse of all or part of lung

Atelectasis

How many bones are there in the adult axial skeleton? Select one: a. 206 b. 80 c. 54 d. 126

B, 80

What is the minimum number of projections that should be taken to localize a foreign object in a finger? Select one or more: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

B. 2

What type of tissue binds together and supports the various structures of the body? Select one: a. Epithelial b. Connective c. Muscular d. Nervous

B. Connective

Misrepresentation of object size or shape as projected onto radiographic recording media is the general definition for: Select one: a. penumbra b. distortion c. magnification d. margin loss

B. Distortion

A general rule states that radiographic grids are required with chest radiography for: Select one: a. exposure factors using 80 kV or below. b. exposure factors using 100 kV or greater. c. all adults. d. all pediatrics.

B. Exposure factors using 100 kV or greater

Which radiation unit of measurement is used to describe absorbed dose? Select one: a. Coulomb per kilogram b. Gray c. Sievert d. Curie

B. Gray

The vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves describes the _____ plane. Select one: a. coronal b. median or sagittal c. horizontal d. oblique

B. Median or sagittal

Which radiation unit of measurement is used to describe absorbed dose? Select one: a. Roentgen b. RAD c. Rem d. Coulomb

B. RAD

A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed? Select one: a. Left tilt b. Rotation into the left anterior oblique (LAO) position c. Right tilt d. Rotation into the right anterior oblique (RAO) position

B. Rotation into the LAO position

A projection in which the CR skims a body part is termed: Select one: a. lordotic b. tangential c. Axial d. Decubitus

B. Tangential

For an AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient, which of the following should occur? Select one: a. The image receptor generally should be placed portrait. b. The CR should be centered 3 inches (8 cm) below the jugular notch. c. The CR should be centered to the mammillary (nipple) line. d. None of the above should occur.

B. The CR should be centered 3 inches below the jugular notch

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a piece of wire in the palm of the hand. What is the minimum number of projections required to be taken for this radiographic study? Select one: a. one b. two c. three d. four or more

B. Two

A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Because of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition? Select one: a. AP supine b. Right lateral decubitus c. Left posterior oblique (LPO) and right posterior oblique (RPO) d. Left lateral decubitus

B. right lateral decube

What type of CR angle is required for the AP semi axial (alternative lordotic) projection for the lung apices? Select one: a. None. CR is perpendicular to IR. b. 10° to 15° caudad. c. 15° to 20° cephalad. d. 25° to 35° caudad.

C. 15-20 degrees cephalad

How many seperate bones are found in the adult human body? Select one: a. 180 b. 243 c. 206 d. 257

C. 206

What is the annual whole body effective dose (ED) for a technologist? Select one: a. 10 mSv (1 rem) times the years of age b. 20 mSv (200 mrem) c. 50 mSv (5 rem) d. 500 mSv (50 rem)

C. 50 mSv 5 rem

An upright position with the arms abducted, palms forward, and head forward describes the _____ position. Select one: a. anteriorposterior (AP) b. Decubitus c. Anatomic d. Oblique

C. Anatomic

A condition characterized as an irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi or bronchioles that may result from repeated pulmonary infection or obstruction is termed: Select one: a. asthma. b. bronchitis. c. bronchiectasis. d. dyspnea.

C. Bronchiectasis

What is the most effective method to reduce the production of scatter radiation? Select one: a. Increase kV b. Increase mAs c. Collimation d. Use a grid

C. Collimation

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the 4th or 5th lumbar vertebra? Select one or more: a. ASIS b. Inferior costal margin c. Iliac crest d. Greater trochanter

C. Iliac Crest

What is a common palpable landmark for the AP chest projection on the obese patient? Select one: a. Xiphoid process b. Costal angle c. Jugular notch d. Vertebra prominens

C. Jugulanotch

What is the term for when the CR is off center from the centerline of the grid, creating a greater chance of grid cutoff. Select one: a. Off-level grid b. Off-focus grid c. Off-center grid d. Upside-down grid

C. Off-center Grid

Where should a personnel dosimeter be worn during fluoroscopy? Select one: a. On collar inside the lead apron b. On waist inside the lead apron c. On collar outside the lead apron d. On waist outside the lead apron

C. On collar outside the lead apron

Of the following factors, which one is most crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest? Select one: a. 72-inch (183-cm) SID b. High-kV technique c. Patient in erect or decubitus position d. Using high mA and short exposure time

C. Patient in erect or Decubitus position

The inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs and heart is called the: Select one: a. parietal pleura. b. pericardial sac. c. pulmonary or visceral pleura. d. omentum.

C. Pulmonary or visceral pleura

The radiographic position in which the patient is placed in a recumbent, prone position with the right side of the body rotated toward the image receptor (IR) 30° is the: Select one or more: a. Left posterior oblique position (LPO) b. Right posterior oblique position (RPO) c. Right anterior oblique position (RAO) d. Left anterior oblique position (LAO)

C. RAO

Which term describes lying down in any position? Select one: a. Horizontal b. Fowler's c. Recumbent d. Anatomic

C. Recumbent

Which of the following is NOT one of the four image quality factors of an analog radiograph? Select one: a. Contrast b. Detail c. Source-to-Image distance (SID) d. Distortion

C. SID

Severe cases appear as emphysema

COPD

A patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. Which additional projection/position can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass? Select one: a. AP erect b. Right lateral c. AP and lateral of upper airway d. AP lordotic

D. AP lordotic

Movement of a body part toward the central axis of the body is termed: Select one or more: a. Extension b. Flexion c. Abduction d. Adduction

D. Adduction

Digital processing involves the systematic application of highly complex mathematical formulas called: Select one: a. Matrices b. PACS c. Analog-to-digital converters d. Algorithms

D. Algorithms

Which term is the opposite in meaning to caudad? Select one or more: a. Contralateral b. Ipsilateral c. Distal d. Cephalad

D. Cephalad

A radiograph of the abdomen demonstrates involuntary motion caused by bowel peristalsis (involuntary contractions). Which of the following factors will best eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure? Select one: a. Decrease SID b. Turn patient into prone position rather than supine c. Use higher kV d. Decrease exposure time

D. Decrease exposure time

Which system of the human body is responsible for the elimination of solid waste? Select one: a. Circulatory b. Respiratory c. Urinary d. Digestive

D. Digestive

A numerical value that is representative of the amount of radiation that strikes the digital image receptor is termed: Select one: a. algorithm b. variance c. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) d. exposure indicator

D. Exposure Indicator

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) to be treated for severe trauma. The physician orders an AP supine chest to evaluate the lungs. What can the technologist do to reduce the magnification of the heart? Select one: a. Place the cassette landscape. b. Use a short exposure time. c. Increase super optical device (SOD) as much as possible. d. Increase SID as much as possible.

D. Increase SID as much as possible

The two most common landmarks for chest positioning are the: Select one: a. top of shoulders and xiphoid process. b. jugular notch and top of shoulders. c. lower margin of thyroid cartilage and vertebra prominens. d. jugular notch and vertebra prominens.

D. Juglar notch and vertebra prominens

Which of the following terms describes the sole of the foot? Select one: a. Palmar b. Dorsum c. Volar d. Plantar

D. Plantar

Contrast in the digital image is primarily affected by: Select one: a. kV b. mAs c. matrix size d. predetermined algorithms

D. Predetermined algorithms

Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest? Select one: a. Elongates the carina. b. Prevents overlap of the chin on the upper airway. c. Separates the heart from the great vessels. d. Prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs.

D. Prevents clavicles from obscuring the apices of the lungs.

What is the name of the small oval-shaped bone found in tendons? Select one: a. Wormian b. Tendons c. Irregular bones d. Sesamoid bones

D. Sesamoid Bones

What is the best mechanism to contron involuntary motion during an exposure? Select one: a. Use of a small focal spot b. Decrease Object image receptor distance (OID) c. Use of a grid d. Shorten exposure time

D. Shorten exposure time

What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA? Select one: a. More radiation exposure to the lungs b. Distortion of the ribs c. AP projection requires more kV as compared with the PA projection d. Increased magnification of the heart

D. increased magnification of the heart

According to the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Code of Ethics, a radiologic technologist may render a diagnosis during a radiographic examination if requested by the patient. True or False

False

Increasing the SID will increase distortion of the anatomy. Select one: True False

False

PA or AP oblique projections are placed on the view box with the patient's right side of the body facing the viewer's right. Select one: True False

False

The intensity of the x-ray beam is greatest under the anode as defined by the anode heel effect. Select one: True False

False

The xiphoid process is a reliable positioning landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning. Select one: True False

False

A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position? Select one: a. Right Lateral b. Left Lateral Decubitus c. Left Lateral d. Dorsal Decubitus

Left Lateral

A random disturbance that obscures or reduces clarity is termed: Select one: a. signal b. noise c. electrical fluctuation d. variance

Noise

Patchy infiltrate with increased radiodensity

Pneumonia

Lung displaced from chest wall and no lung markings visible on radiograph

Pneurmothorax

A body system consists of an association of organs that share a common function. Select one: True False

True

As a general rule, the use of high kV (110 to 120 kV) requires the use of a grid during chest radiography. Select one: True False

True

When placing radiographs of the hand on the view box, the digits should be pointing upward. Select one: True False

True

What is the name for the structure that serves as a lid over the larynx to prevent aspiration of food or fluid? Select one: a. Uvula b. Epiglottis c. Hyoid bone d. Oropharynx

b. Epiglottis