PROFED

By the early part of the twentieth century, women constituted upward of _____ percent of teachers.

90

_____ asserts that the purpose of education is to help children find the meaning and direction in their lives, and it rejects the notion that adults should or could direct meaningful learning for children.

Existentialism

Critics of middle school education argue that they should be replaced by _____.

K-8 schools

Attempts to organize Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs) in schools could be assisted by the _____.

Federal Equal Access Act

Which of the following statements is true?

Females are three times more likely to attempt suicide than males.

Cases such as Goss v. Lopez that deal with the proper procedures involving the disciplining and suspension of students would fall under the:

Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following makes for an engaging education experience?

Getting the opportunity to excel

Which of the following dimensions of emotional intelligence is demonstrated by people who are popular, are good leaders, and who can make others feel comfortable and connected?

Handling relationships

When Ovando's family first emigrated from Latin America, school was difficult for him because of his limited English proficiency and because he was not allowed to speak Spanish at school. His experience was most similar to that of

Kinney Lau, whose difficulty in school led to a landmark court case, Lau v. Nichols.

In the context of Professor Andrew Hacker's parable about race, which of the following is true of his views?

He considers white privilege so commonplace that most people are no longer able to "see" it.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the famous Brazilian educationist Paulo Freire who opposed social Darwinism?

He envisioned schools as a place where the poor can acquire the skills to regain control of their lives.

How did Benjamin Franklin help in severing American educational thought from its European roots?

He was committed to a practical program of nonsectarian study, offering elective courses.

Influential teacher organizations are cautiously supportive of a merit pay plan. Provided that certain conditions are met, they would be more likely to support it. Which of the following is one of those conditions?

Local teachers should be involved in planning.

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Arab Americans living in the U.S. are Christian.

The act that calls for standards and annual testing of math, reading, and science is called the _____.

No Child Left Behind Act

Andy was teaching a unit on Tennyson in his British Literature class, and he came across an essay about the poet that would really "bring the man to life." He made copies of the essay and distributed them to the students. Based on the information presented here, did Andy violate copyright laws?

No, because he can do so under the fair use policy for up to nine instances per class per semester.

Which of the following is true of today's families in the U.S.?

Only two-thirds of children live in two-parent households.

Who is most likely to be considered part of the "hidden school government"?

Parents

When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate goals of schooling in a study by John Goodlad:

Paula decides to include literature from the African continent in her high school English class apart from the prescribed texts from American literature.

A teacher's right to freedom of speech as a citizen, regarding matters of public concern is protected due to the holding in the:

Pickering v. Board of Education case.

In whose philosophy do the human soul has three parts: intellect, spirit, and appetite?

Plato

_____ organizes schools around the concerns, curiosity, and real-world experiences of students.

Progressivism

Which of the following ranked highest with students while describing their peer culture in middle school?

Relational aggression

Aaron is a young man in his early twenties. He just returned home after serving in the U.S. Army for 3 years. Now he hopes to go to college at his state university to become an engineer. Which of the following federal acts would help Aaron to do so?

Servicemen's Readjustment Act

According to Goodlad, which statement is true regarding the patterns of classroom interactions?

Students are typically restrained in a relatively small space during a period in which much of the activity is about maintaining order.

Identify an accurate statement about open enrollment.

Students become eligible to enroll in any public school with available space.

Which of the following statements regarding zero-tolerance policies is true?

Students who are removed from school are at increased risk for low achievement and of becoming permanently entangled in the "schools-to-prison" pipeline.

Identify an accurate statement about bullying in schools.

Teachers accept the common myths surrounding bullying.

Which constitutional amendment is at the heart of the controversies surrounding intelligent design, creationism, and evolution?

The First Amendment

Which major event led to the first shift toward humanist social attempts at better treatment and education of the disabled in America?

The Revolutionary War

In the context of the report from the consulting firm McKinsey & Company, titled The Economic Impact of the Achievement Gap in America's Schools, identify an accurate statement.

The nation's gross domestic product would be $1.3 to $2.3 trillion higher if achievement gaps did not exist.

According to the Fourteenth Amendment, which of the following is an accurate statement in case of suspension of a student for indiscipline or misbehavior?

The student is entitled to tell his side of the story in self-defense.

Identify an accurate statement related to the changing understanding of intelligence.

The understanding of intelligence is broadening beyond traditional language and logical-mathematical factors.

Which of the following is a true statement about students in low-ability tracks?

Their instruction places more emphasis on classroom management problems.

Which of these is an accurate feature of virtual schools?

They provide learning over long distances by means of television, the internet, and other technologies.

Identify an accurate statement about using a student's test score to assess the teacher.

This a flawed approach because one test score is an inadequate measure of student growth, much less student effectiveness.

Which statement is true regarding voucher programs?

Voucher programs have been less effective than expected and their impact sounds better in theory than it is in fact.

Which of the following statements best reflects the findings of a 1990s survey conducted by People for the American Way regarding the state of race relations in America?

"I think that I've got a healthier attitude toward race relations than my mom and dad."

Which of the following examples of a teacher's speech would most likely be considered a "matter of public concern"?

"I was reading some of the environmental data on the site where our new school is being built. It sits right next to a chemical cleanup zone controlled by an environment protection agency. I think people need to know about this."

Identify the best example of a teacher praising a student that is more likely to boost student achievement.

"Melanie! Your answer demonstrates a good approach toward critical analysis."

Which statement would most likely be made by a proponent of Common Core Standards?

"What is great about the Common Core Standards is that students will encounter more demanding assignments, and the end result will be a less superficial and more in-depth education in America!"

Molly is a recent college graduate, who is giving an interview for a job at the same elementary school where she was a student. Which of the following questions would be appropriate for the principal to ask Molly during the course of the job interview?

"What made you decide to major in early childhood education in college?"

In an essay that she wrote for her sociology course, Eve argued that one of the reasons that minorities struggled academically while in school was genetic deficiencies that made them incapable of learning at the same pace as their white counterparts. Eve's views are indicative of the _____.

deficit theory

As a teacher, Richard wants his students to think rationally and rigorously. He feels that he should prepare his brightest students for future leadership and responsibility, while providing vocational training to the rest of the students. Richard's approach to education is indicative of _____.

perennialism

Emma Hart Willard made an important contribution to education when she:

established one of the earliest teacher training programs in U.S. history.

According to Gardner, if one wants to develop students who are willing to face hard truths and value honest behavior, the stress should be on the:

ethical mind.

The Old Deluder Satan Law of 1647 required that:

every town of fifty households must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and writing.

Identify an accurate statement about single-sex schools.

ideas that support single-sex schools fit easily into traditional belief systems.

The role of state governments in curricular decisions has:

increased through state standards and tests, and frameworks for all schools to follow.

Jean is a student in the fifth grade. She is very aware of how she feels emotionally, and has a clear idea of her strengths and her limitations. She has a natural ability to use this knowledge to guide her behavior in the class. Considering this description, it can be concluded that Jean has:

intrapersonal intelligence.

Courts have ruled that a teacher's right to academic freedom:

is not absolute as students should learn only appropriate subject matter.

During elementary school, there is _____.

more communication between races

In funding schools, urban areas struggle the most, suffering not only from lower property values but also from the need to use those limited resources to fund more police officers, hospitals, subways, and other services than their suburban counterparts. This phenomenon is known as _____.

municipal overburden

In the context of how teachers are prepared today, there is:

no consensus on how to best prepare teachers.

Differentiated instruction:

offers multiple options for instruction and assessment.

Research shows that teachers skilled in pedagogy:

outperform teachers with superior subject area knowledge.

students are the least likely to attend multiracial schools and are the most isolated group.

White

Which of the following actions of teachers is most likely be supported by Gloria Ladson-Billings, the proponent of culturally responsive teaching?

Working to improve the quality of life of the students in the school and community

Pavel is a new teacher in an inner-city school in Boston. To prepare for teaching, Pavel commits to teach for at least five years. Then, he spends his first year observing and working with Dava, a master teacher, while taking coursework. Only during his second year he will be allowed to teach students of his own, under Dava's supervision. Based on this description, Pavel is part of _____.

a teaching residency program.

A scientific theory, such as the theory of evolution, is:

a well-founded scientific explanation.

In the context of tracking, students are sorted based on _____.

ability

In Alice's classroom, the great majority of her students do well academically. When she is asked about why she feels she is such a successful teacher, she says that she structures her instruction in such a way that her students can do well either way, working with her directly or on their own. She says that her students often do even better working on their own than with her. Alice's classroom best exemplifies:

academic learning time.

The most frequent teacher reaction is:

acceptance

You have just been assigned to teach a class that has several management problems. A good strategy to reduce or eliminate these problems would be to:

actively teach procedures, routines, and rules along with the academic curriculum.

When a teacher allocates a special week in a month to talk about important female inventors, the teacher is taking the _____ approach to multicultural curriculum.

additive

The birthplace of Western philosophy is _____.

ancient Greece

In researching poverty, Shirley Brice Heath found that interactions between adults and children _____.

are fewer in lower-class families and more information driven

Bella feels that her students deserve a safe, orderly classroom in which they can learn. She lets her students know her rules and the consequences for breaking those rules. When students do misbehave, she enforces her consequences quickly, fairly, and with minimal disruption to the class. The main focus of her model of classroom management is:

assertive discipline.

Value added refers to:

assessing and rewarding the value a teacher adds to a student's education.

Israel Zangwill's description of America as a "melting pot" best reflects the idea of _____.

assimilation

During the 1960s and 1970s, the Supreme Court _____.

attacked de facto segregation stemming from racially imbalanced neighborhoods

Unlike existentialists, ______ believe that free will is an illusion and that human nature is shaped by the environment.

behaviorists

School boards are often criticized for:

being in the backseat when it comes to educational change and reform.

Lower order questions:

can be answered through memory and recall.

The federal funds directed at specific categories and targeted educational needs of schools are known as _____.

categorical grants

According to Bloom's revised taxonomy, the highest level of questions is:

creating

Least-restrictive environment refers to

creating an atmosphere in which students with disabilities are not inappropriately segregated.

Multicultural educators that follow the approach called "teaching the culturally different" primarily advocate:

creating close links between school and home so that minority children can succeed academically.

The _____ is collected through payroll deductions, money deducted even before one receives salary.

personal income tax

The chief state school officer is responsible for:

planning school activities.

If Barbara, a teacher, follows the principles of behaviorism, she believes that _____.

positive reinforcement can be used to promote desired learning

The "Lau Remedies" were important because they required:

positive steps to be taken by schools to eliminate language barriers to learning.

According to _____, the way to determine if an idea has merit is simple: Test it. If the idea works in the real world, then it has merit.

pragmatism

Procedural due process refers to the:

principle that upholds the right of students with disabilities to protest a school's decisions about their education.

As secondary schools spread, they generally took the form of _____ academies.

private, tuition-charging

The movement with which John Dewey was closely associated with is known as _____.

progressivism

Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972):

prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.

For teachers involved in gifted education programs, one of the key tasks to accomplish is:

promoting a sense of community that reduces student anxiety and alienation.

To raise money for schools, colonial towns and districts assessed a(n) _____ tax.

property

Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect:

protection from arbitrary dismissal.

With the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision, _____ became a legally sanctioned part of the American way of life.

segregation

Commercialism promotes _____.

self-gratification

Grace Fernald, Marianne Frostig, and Heinz Werner are noted for pioneering research in the field of _____.

special education

Horace Mann helped establish the first:

state-supported normal school.

Some studies on school size have determined that:

students in smaller schools are more likely to pass their courses, and to attend college.

One of the reasons that students in schools are more segregated today than at any time since the Civil Rights movement is that:

the federal courts are no longer willing to attend to the problem of racial segregation.

In 1949, _____ caused Congress to reverse more than a century of immigration quotas and naturalization and anti-miscegenation laws.

the institution of a Communist government in mainland China

In colonial America, female teachers were particularly attractive to school districts because:

they were typically paid one-third to one-half of the salary paid to male teachers.

The National Education Association (NEA) and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) work to improve the salaries and the working conditions of teachers _____.

through collective bargaining

Many colonies required that masters teach reading and writing as well as _____ skills.

vocational

The principle of nondiscriminatory education is based on:

"due process" rights of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution.

The current reform efforts in education can be traced back to:

A Nation at Risk.

Imagine a school where teachers do not have daily contact with one another and act independently, the school administration does not give due importance to effective communication with the students' families about the school's goals and expectations. They are vague about the goals of the school and focus on maintaining the status quo. This represents a failure of which element of the "five-factor theory of effective schools"?

A clear school mission

Identify an accurate statement about the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).

A high-stakes testing culture was created.

Which of the following is an accurate statement with reference to the term in loco parentis?

A school official can search a student's locker if there is reasonable suspicion that it contains something illegal and dangerous.

Which of the following cases best demonstrates the U.S. Supreme Court's position on the "separation of church and state"?

A student decides to start a Christian club that will meet on school grounds and is given permission by the school administration, which also offers space on school grounds for non-religious clubs and other student groups to meet.

Which of the following examples of student expression would be protected under the First Amendment?

A student protesting the war in Afghanistan wears a black armband to his classes and refuses to speak during the course of the day.

According to demographic forecasting, what proportion of the school population will be from non-European ethnic groups by 2030?

About half of the population

_____ promoted the doctrine of the Golden Mean, or the notion that virtue lies in a middle ground between two extremes.

Aristotle

Which of the following is true of minority groups in the student population?

Blacks are more likely to be suspended from school, even when they violate the same rules as white students.

Which of the following is true of students receiving special education?

Boys are more likely to receive special educational services as compared to girls.

Which of the following is a characteristic of charter schools?

Charter schools can be closed down if they do not meet expectations.

The _____ gave the federal government power to help local school districts desegregate (Title IV) and, when necessary, to initiate lawsuits or withhold federal school funds to force desegregation.

Civil Rights Act

Which of the following is one of the seven goals for high school identified by the report Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education?

Command of fundamental academic skills

_____ asserts that knowledge cannot be handed from one person to another (from a teacher to a learner) but must be constructed by each learner through interpreting and reinterpreting a constant flow of information.

Constructivism

Which of the following pairs of states, besides Texas and California, have the most influence on textbook creation and adoption?

Correct North Carolina and Florida

Which of the following is a reason that influences individuals to choose teaching as a profession?

Desire to work with young people

In the context of emotional intelligence quotient (EQ) and intelligence quotient (IQ), psychologist Daniel Goleman argues that:

EQ may be a better predictor of life success than IQ

Identify a reason why teacher education students are considered less talented than other college majors

Education majors are less likely to score in the top 25 percent on the SATs.

_____ examines the nature and the origin of human knowledge.

Epistemology

What is the evidence that U.S. students are actually doing quite well in their educational performance?

In recent years SAT reading and mathematics scores have reached an all-time high.

Which principle of special education implies that educational goals designed for a child must align with his or her learning needs?

Individualized education program

In 1896, John Dewey founded the Laboratory School, a famous experimental school, to test his educational ideas. Which of the following statements about this school is accurate?

It had only one classroom but several facilities for experiential learning.

Which of the following statements is true regarding merit pay?

It links students' performance to teachers salary.

Why have many courts rejected educational malpractice lawsuits?

Many factors affect learning and the school system cannot be solely blamed for failure to learn.

Which of the following is true about gifted students?

Many gifted students drop out of school, instead of thriving at school.

The state with perhaps the purest example of adequate education approach is _____.

Maryland

Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a critic of middle school education?

Middle schools over emphasize self-esteem building.

Which of the following statements regarding the composition of the modern family in the U.S. is true?

More than 50 percent of new mothers have at least some college education

In the context of the education system in the U.S., which of the following is one of the most important discoveries made by Jeannie Oakes?

She found that in the tracking system, race, far more than ability, determines which students are placed in which tracks.

_____ is the idea that society is an ingenious "sorting" system, one in which the more talented rise to the top, while those less deserving find themselves at the bottom of the social and economic pecking order.

Social Darwinism

Which of the following is most likely to conduct educational research and development?

State department of education

Identify an accurate statement about the Buckley Amendment.

Student grades do not become private and part of students' educational records until they are recorded in a teacher's grade book.

Paula is a high school music teacher who is known for her involvement and commitment to her students and to her school. She is constantly working with other teachers and administrators so that they can have the best instruction, curriculum, and staff development possible. She also reaches out through her music program to involve parents and the community to make sure that these groups are engaged with the school and feel like they have a stake in what is going on there. Which of the core propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards do Paula's actions most closely refl

Teachers are members of learning communities.

Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy that can help children from low-income homes achieve academic success?

Teachers should avoid lowering their expectations from students belonging to this group.

Elaine has been a fifth grade teacher since 1998. Elaine's decisions are grounded not only in the literature but also in her experiences. She serves as a role model for her students, and she exemplifies virtues such as honesty and fairness that she seeks to inspire in them. Which of the core propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards do Elaine's actions most closely reflect?

Teachers think systematically about their practice and learn from experience.

Identify an accurate statement in reference to teaching during the early 1900s.

Teaching was becoming an increasingly female occupation.

Many people are unaware that the responsibility for educating Americans is not even mentioned in the Constitution. Under the _____ Amendment, any area not specifically stated in the Constitution as a federal responsibility is automatically assigned to the states

Tenth

Marie, a middle-grade teacher, believes that all children can learn if given the right support. However, Tina, her coworker, thinks that it is a waste of time and effort to work with students from certain racial and ethnic groups. Which of the following theories suggests that the academic performance of the students from these groups is likely to suffer due to Tina's attitude?

The expectation theory

What was the new concern that arose as women came to dominate teaching, and the gender tables turned in the twentieth century?

The fear that female teachers were "feminizing" boys went around.

Which of these is NOT a reason for the furor surrounding the quality of U.S. education?

The idea that schools are underfunded and need more federal funding.

Which of the following is true of children living in low-income homes?

Their neighborhood reality is often filled with crime and drugs.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about existentialist classrooms?

They afford students great latitude in their choice of subject matter and activity.

From the following, identify the accurate statement about school superintendents.

They are the most powerful education officer in the school district.

Which of these statements best describes the attitude of Americans toward inequities in school funding?

They believe that an individual's circumstances are merely obstacles to be overcome.

Which of the following is true of adequate educational guarantees, the educational clauses present in the constitution of different states?

They guarantee that every student receives an efficient, sound or thorough education.

Lisa, Paul, and Jay were given an assignment at the end of their first unit in Spanish I. They were asked to prepare and act out a skit where they had to assume the roles of students visiting Argentina during Spring Break. They were to enter into a restaurant, order a meal, and pay for the meal, all in Spanish. The students knew they were being evaluated on how they performed these tasks, so they made an effort to do a good job. This sort of task is an example of:

authentic assessment.

Elaine was homeschooled for most of her life before heading to college at a state university. Based on what is known of homeschooled students in college, we can conclude that Elaine is most likely to:

be well-thought-of by many of her professors because professors describe homeschooled students as more self-directed and willing to take risks.

The use of a system of positive reinforcement to promote desired learning is based on _____.

behaviorism

When schools move away from traditional autocratic teaching styles, students embrace "Habits of Goodness". To develop these habits teachers should:

develop the list of rules together with their students and ensure that rules are few and fair.

One of the reasons that teachers feel uncertain about educating special needs students is that they

do not always get adequate resources to work with special needs students

The development of common core state standards that have been adopted in most states reflect the influence of:

education commissions and committees.

A key assumption of multicultural education is that:

effective teachers recognize that students learn in different ways.

Students who embrace an incremental view of intelligence are most likely to:

explore inventive strategies to solve a problem.

The Supreme Court Case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools was important because it:

extended the reach of Title IX, so that students could sue a school district for monetary damages if they were sexually harassed.

The influence of the business community in America's schools can best be characterized as _____.

extensive

Unlike traditional teacher preparation programs, alternative teaching programs

focus on structured apprenticeship.

Demonstrating strong existential intelligence indicates that a person has the ability to

formulate fundamental questions about life, death, and who they are.

States have used different programs to try to equalize funding. In the _____ program, the state provides funds to ensure that each student receives a minimal level of educational services.

foundation

When asked to identify the one best thing about their high school, _____ usually ranks at the top of the list of students.

friends

Paula is an elementary school teacher who often feels that the last thing in the world she gets to do is teach her students. She feels as though much of her day is spent on determining who gets to speak, when to line up for lunch, how the class will work when broken into groups, and so on. In this example, Paula occupies the role of a(n) _____.

gatekeeper

A key aspect of teaching in a constructivist classroom is _____.

gauging a student's prior knowledge and understanding

Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the:

greater comparative effectiveness of U.S. colleges.

During classroom discussions, Juan never names a student before asking a question. He always asks a question first and then names the student whom he wants to answer the question. According to Kounin, this is an example of:

group alerting.

According to Donald McCarty and Charles Ramsey, authors of The School Managers: Power and Conflict in American Public Education, a school board in a community dominated by a few powerful figures will seek out a superintendent who _____.

has a functionary style

A teacher who suspects that a child is the victim of child abuse:

has an ethical and legal responsibility to report the suspected abuse.

The student who is typically given the most wait time by a teacher is the:

high achieving white male.

Participation in the extracurricular activities has been connected with:

higher student self-esteem.

Gina teaches at the middle grade. Joey is her student. She has noticed that Joey comes to school wearing the same clothes every day: a T-shirt, shorts, and flip-flops. He wears this outfit even on days when it is very cold outside. Recently, Joey seems to be more withdrawn, he keeps to himself and avoids eye contact largely ignoring his friends. Based on Gina's observations, she should:

immediately file a report with her principal or counselor, since Joey could be suffering from abuse or neglect.

One of the recommendations to strengthen the Teach for America (TFA) program is to:

increase classroom support for TFA participants as they teach

Han, an Asian student in elementary school, speaks very little English. Although Han is a bright student, he struggles in class as all instructions are in English. His teacher makes no effort to modify the instruction to help Han keep up with the class. Han's experience most closely reflects the _____ approach to education.

language submersion

In the context of Mary Budd Rowe's research on wait time, teachers should:

learn to increase their wait time from one second to three to five seconds.

Schools that offer high-quality programs for talented students and have been used as a method of voluntary racial desegregation are known as:

magnet schools.

Nathan was a young man receiving an education during the colonial period. As his family was business-oriented, he was enrolled in a private school devoted to teaching accounting and that helped him take over his family business. Based on the description above, Nathan most likely attended a school in the _____ colonies.

middle

One of the fundamental provisions of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which ensures that students with disabilities should be assessed fairly, by the use of tests that are free from cultural bias and are in the students' native language, is the provision of:

nondiscriminatory education.

Paul Pratfall was a young teacher who meant well, but could be easily led off task—especially, when it came to afternoon hall duty. When the school dismissal bell rang, Paul's job was to make sure that the children walked safely and in a disciplined manner from the classrooms on his hall to the waiting school buses just beyond the front entrance. During Friday's duty, one of Paul's colleagues called out to him. "Hey, Paulie, come in here and check out the article in the paper about the big game tonight. You gotta see it!" At first, Paul hesitated, since he was on duty. Then, he went into his friend's classroom to read the article. After all, he figured that he would only be a minute or two. Paul had just begun to read the article when he heard a loud crash and an anguished cry. He and his colleague ran into the hall to find little Jeannie lying on the floor with her leg obviously broken. Based on this scenario, Paul would most likely be guilty of:

nonfeasance

Compared to resumes, portfolios:

offer a more comprehensive reflection of a candidate's skills.

Full-service schools:

remain open most of the day and 11 months a year.

When teachers and principals have to remedy antiquated buildings, they give higher priority to _____.

repairing lights and air conditioners

Normal schools were important because they:

represented the earliest form of professional teacher education

The principle of nondiscriminatory education:

supports the ban on tests that are culturally biased.

To get "board certified" by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, a teacher:

takes written tests and the teacher's lesson plans are examined

In the context of classroom behavior management, a teacher who is a good behavioral manager should:

teach standards or norms of student behavior actively and directly.

Helena believes that her main goal as a teacher is to transfer the knowledge and values that her students will need to do well in society. She strives to have her students learn to be academically proficient. She also tries to instill her students with values such as respect, diligence, and practicality. Helena is most likely to rely on:

teacher-centered philosophies.

According to Jeannie Oakes, tracking persists in schools largely because _____.

teachers expect little from the low-track students and they do little to improve student performance

Ethnocentrism is the _____.

tendency to view one's own culture as superior to others

A call for accountability in financing of schools means that _____.

the public wants to see academic progress for their tax dollars

Student achievement will be increased when _____.

the students spend more time on learning their subjects

In terms of deciding which approach to bilingual education is most effective, research has indicated that _____.

there is no single approach that is most effective

When a teacher's private life is called into question by the courts, a governing principle that determines whether or not the teacher may be dismissed is often based on whether:

there is substantial disruption of the educational process.

One of the primary reasons that the No Child Left Behind Act was revamped was that:

there was little consistency in student performance from state to state.

A professor asks her students to discuss globalization for a paper on world affairs. She asks students to make a presentation on how people from the East view globalization and its impact on their culture and economy. This example is most representative of the _____ approach to multicultural curriculum.

transformation

Being _____ refers to a person's innate identity of being somewhere in between male and female.

transgender

Most school board members view themselves as _____.

trustee representatives

A textbook covers twentieth-century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights; and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious relations between the races. This is an example of a form of bias known as:

unreality

Generally, courts have ruled that teachers may be fired for:

using profanity and abusive language toward students.

In a progressivist classroom, you would find teachers _____.

walking around the room, asking questions and making suggestions

When the Progressive Education Association released their Eight-Year Study, they reported that students who graduated from progressive schools:

were judged to be more objective and more precise thinkers.

School boards determine educational policy, and majority of their members tend to be _____.

white