Project management Chapter 8

The Six Sigma approach works best for a project where a quality problem is identified between the current and desired performance

True

_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

Conformance to requirements

A run chart is a bar graph that depicts data points and their order of occurrence.

False

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users.

Features

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

3.4

____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

Pareto charts

_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.

Performance

_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements.

Process adjustments

_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

Statistical sampling

Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

False

Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits.

False

Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development.

False

The design of experiments technique cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs.

False

The term sigma means median.

False

_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended.

Fitness for use

_____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

Reliability

_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.

Rework

Customer requirements are an important aspect of the quality planning process.

True

Products that are accepted by project stakeholders are considered to be validated deliverables.

True

Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.

True

The quality assurance process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project's life cycle.

True

Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment and all employees must embrace its principles.

True

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.

defect

Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.

define

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

integration test

A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.

metric

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.

monitoring and controlling

_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.

Appraisal cost

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

CMMI

_____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

Crosby

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems.

six 9s of quality rule

Which of the following is one of Deming's 14 Points for Management?

Award business based on price tag alone rather than on other considerations.

_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

Benchmarking

Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _____.

DMAIC

_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.

External failure cost

Gantt charts cannot be used to aid project quality management.

False

Reliability is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under deviant conditions.

False

_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

Functionality

_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.

ISO 9000

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

User acceptance testing

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

control chart

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.

executing

A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed).

normal distribution

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.

quality control

One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that:

an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

Design of experiments

An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

analyze

_____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product.

Maintainability

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management.

planning quality management

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the quality assurance process.

False