Protists

Chlorophyta

Green algae - same pigments, cell wall structure, and food storage as green plants, but contains chlorophyll a and b - early ancestors to land plants

Symptoms of malaria

High fever, vomiting, cam severely affect kidney and liver function

Sporozoites

Infectious cells that have a tough outer coat

Giardia

Intestinal disease in humans; people become infected with giardia by drinking contaminated water with the feces of infected animals

The kingdom protista is considered the _____ kingdom

Junk drawer

Plantlike Protists

Make their own food by photosynthesis but unlike plants do not have roots, stems, or leaves

Unicellular algae

Most belong to phytoplankton- the microscopic photosynthetic organisms that float near the surface and are a basic source of food in many aquatic ecosystems Ex. Chlamydomonas

Ciliaphora

Move by cilia

Protists have different ways of

Moving around and responding to their environment

Cilia

Short, hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the organism swim and capture food

Protists may be (structure)

Single celled, multicellular, microscopic, or very large

3 categories of protists

Animal-like, plant-like, funguslike

Plantilkke Protists are classified by

Type of pigments ( all have chlorophyll a but may also contain accessory pigments which help gather other wavelengths of light and transfer it to chlorophyll a And cell wall structure

A protist is not a

Animal, plant, or fungus

Protists are grouped together because

Although the they share some features with animals, plants, and fungus, they also lack one or more traits that would place them in any of these 3 kingdoms

Malaria

-A disease caused by sporozoans, caused by the protozoan plasmodium Carried by female anopheles mosquito

Amicomplexa

-Known as sporozoans because they form sporozoites -all members are parasites of animals -members can not move

Foraminifera

-have a multi chambered shell - shells are made of organic matter, sand, or other materials

Characteristic of algae

-have chlorophyll a -most are aquatic and have flagellation some point

Malaria life cycle

1. Infected mosquito bites human, transmitting sporozoites 2. Sporozoites go to the liver where they develop merozoites 3. Merozoites leave liver and enter RBC where they reproduce and cause RBC to burst releasing toxins and merozoites 4. Merozoites are ingested by a mosquito,some develop into gametes, form zygote and produce sporozoites

Contractile vacuole

2 organs that act like pumps to bring water inside of cell

Pseudopod

A temporary extension of cytoplasm and plasma membrane that helps Protozoa move and feed

Rhizopoda example

AMOEBA -take in food through the process of phagocytosis, the amoeba surrounds the food with its pseudopod, the outer membrane forms a vacuole, and digestive enzymes enter the vacuole and digestion takes place -live in fresh water, salt water, and soil - majority are free-living

Animal-like Protists

Are heterotrophs and unlike animals are single celled

Some protests reproduce

Asexually, whereas others reproduce both asexually and sexually

Algae

Autotrophic Protists that have chloroplasts and make their own carbs through photosynthesis

Algae are not in the plant kingdom

Because they do not have roots, stems, leaves or other specialized tissues and their reproductive structures differ

Phaeophyta

Brow algae- fucoxanthin is the accessory pigment giving them a brown color, use chlorophyll - example sargassum- exists as a mat that floats on the ocean surface, kelp

Trypansoma

Causes the disease known as sleeping sickness in humans and other mammals

Dinoflagellata

Cell walls look like plates of armor, 2 flagella cause them to spin - ex peridinium are bioluminescent dinoflagellates

Bacillariophyta

Cell walls rich in SO2 and fit together like a box and lid Diatoms are a big part of phytoplankton Major oxygen producers

Colonial Algae

Consists of groups of individual cells acting in a coordinated manner ex. Volvox

Micronucleus

Contain all of the cells chromosomes, function only during conjugation, the process of genetic exchange tow paramecia unite at the oral grooves and exchange micronuclei

Macronucleus

Controls cells structures and activities

Fungus like Protists are

De composers that play an important role in recycling nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen back into the soil

Funguslike Protists

Decompose dead organisms but unlike fungi can move during part of their life cycle

All Protists Are

Eukaryotes

Euglenophyta

Ex euglena. No cell wall, instead have a pellicle like ciliaphora, autotroph and or heterotroph, have light sensing red eyespot and have chlorophyll a and b

Multicellular algae

Ex. Kelp and seaweed are large and complex and often appear plantlike

Animal like Protists are grouped based

On how they move

Example of ciliaphora

Paramecium

Rhizopoda

Protists phyla that uses pseudopods to move

Rhodophyta

Red algae, chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin absorbs blue lengths of light that penetrate deep into the ocean which allows algae to live at depths where other algae can't live Ex. Corallina

Phylum Zoomastigophora

Referred to as zooflagellates Move using flagella Some play an important role in recycling nutrients through aquatic environments Others have mutualistic relationships inside other organisms, such as the termite's stomach and the zooflagellates

Funguslike Protists have similar

Reproductive structures (fruiting bodies) with fungi, but funguslike Protists can move during part of their life cycle

Food vacuole

Structure where food is digested

Oral groove

Takes in food and sends it to the gullet

How the organism forms a pseudopod

The cell cytoplasm flows outward forming a bulge, the bulge spreads, anchors itself to the surface it is on, and pulls the rest of the cell toward it

Protozoa

The term used to informally describe the many phyla of animal like Protists

Many Protists are more related

To members of other kingdoms than to other Protists

Pathogenic zooflagellates

Trypanosoma and giardia