PS 210 Midterm 2

_______ is the form of political organization that has the authority to act on behalf of the state

Government

Examples of state-led development

Green revolution, import substitution industrialization, focus on capital-intensive industries NOT deregulation of industrial activity

Human development focuses on expanding the richness of ____________, rather than simply the growth of the __________.

Human life; economy

States can help prevent a tragedy of the commons situation by _________________ common pool resources

privatizing; regulating

What is the Bolsa Familia?

program to pay monthly cash stipends to Brazil's poorest families

Until what age can someone who migrates to the city looking for work expect to be able to find it?

40

Which percentage of population include groups officially designated as "other backward castes" in India?

40%

Approximately __________ people in Brazil are well-off compared to __________ poor.

50 million; 120 million

How much money does the wood-chipper get monthly from the government through the zero hunger program?

50 reals

The World Bank defines absolute poverty as living on less than _________ per ___________.

$1.90 per day

The 30,000 wealthiest landowners control how much of Brazil's land?

50%

The majority of weak or fragile states are found in ____ and _____

Africa; Asia

Why does the landowner think that the government makes it difficult to grow genetically modified (GM) soy?

Because it is a "left-wing" government

According to Lula, why are people in Brazil hungry?

Because of politicians' "lack of scruples"

Aspects of cultural identity

Beliefs, values, norms NOT economics

Sources of ethnic identity in India

Caste, religion, language, tribal status

Tragedy of the Commons - the overuse or destruction of a _________because no ________ has the incentive to preserve it.

Common pool resource; individuals

____________refers to an increase in wealth resulting from a shift away from agricultural activity toward industrial activity.

Economic Development

Early-forming states are generally MORE fragile than late-forming states

False

Healthcare is a public good in ALL democracies

False

The best predictor of state weakness

Former European colony

An example of a state

Germany

Green Revolution in India

It led to India's self-sufficiency in the production of wheat and rice

Absolute poverty line

It provides an agreed upon threshold for measuring poverty

Required for a good to be public

Its provision is the result of a collective agreement, no one can be excluded form enjoying it, one persons enjoyment does not diminish another It does NOT have to be provided by the state

The ____________________ workers movement is based in the countryside while the __________________ workers movement is based in cities

Landless; roofless

What is the Bacanda Ruralista?

Landowners lobby to the Brazlian congress

Poverty

Lower survival rates for girl children

Among those interviewed ________________ believes taking aid would be shameful and he knows people who take advantage of the system while the ______________ believes the aid is necessary because it is shameful that working people do not have enough to eat.

Lula's cousin; government aid worker

What was Lula's profession before becoming a politician?

Metalworker

_______ Theory tried to explain why wealthy countries are often democracies

Modernization

Which of the following statements best describes the current trend in comparative politics research?

More comparative politics scholars are using a mixed-method approach to conducting research.

Which of the following statements about the top twenty failed or fragile states is accurate?

Most of the countries were previously colonies. Most of the countries are extremely poor. None is a European country.

Lula calls Brazil the "second black country in the world" after _______________.

Nigeria

Aspects of politics shared

Politics is a process Politics is about power Politics is about decision-making Politics is NOT about struggle

__________is the process of making and contesting_______ about the distribution of rights, responsibilities, wealth, and power

Politics; public decisions

Qualitative

Relies on data that cannot be represented by numbers

Communal violence is defined as violence among which type of group?

Religious

Examples of Market Liberalization Policies

Removal of import tariffs, removal of licenses for entering the market, deregulation of industrial policy

Lula is called an "immigrant" because he came to São Paulo from ___________.

Rural, Northeastern Brazil

Ethnicity is a ______ source of identity based on common ______ characteristics.

Shared; cultural

Could technically provide a public good

State, an individual citizen, private company, non-governmental organization

Legitimacy

The degree to which citizens accept the state's sovereign authority

Sen's capability approach

The most important factor in defining a person's well-being is what they are capable of doing

A _______ offers an explanation for some phenomenon in the world

Theory

India is the country with the largest number of poor people in the world, with 300 million people in poverty.

True

Violence can be a problem in a democracy.

True

How did Lula get involved in politics?

Union organizing and activism

In Gujarat, 33% of government departments and services are reserved for _________

Women

What was the name of the political party that Lula helped to found?

Workers Party (PT)

A greater focus on individual freedom is most likely to require

a smaller role for the state.

Modernization theory can be defined as the view that

as societies develop, they will become capitalist democracies, converging around shared values

In ________ rule, individuals are brought together by a ______, who imposes authority and monopolizes power

authoritarian; ruler

The _________ is in charge of regulating the supply of money in a country.

central bank

A ___________grouping of people based on a collectively held ______________Identity.

cultural, political

What is meant by the term liberal democracy?

democratic system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty

Public Goods are goods that ______ can enjoy whether they helped _____ them or not

everyone; produce

Unlike other types of goods, private goods are BOTH _______ and _______

excludable; rival

It is easiest to make collective decisions in large groups

false

Brazil is a ______ state

federal;preidential

Example of a common pool resource

fish in the ocean

To _________________ is to reap the benefits of collective action after other people have put in the time, energy, or money to generate collective mobilization.

free ride ex: staying home while other people protest for a cause you believe in

Corruption occurs when ______________ use the power of government and/or public resources for _________________ gain.

individuals; private

What does Lula promise to bring to his childhood home?

irrigation

An institution that is recognized and accepted as right and proper by the public is seen as

legitimate

The development of the modern state in Europe was partly encouraged by

linguistic and ethnic fragmentation.

Collective action problems

mosquito control, political participation, corruption, and hunger and poverty

Example of a public good

national defense

Unlike other types of goods, public goods are BOTH _____ and _______

non-rival; non-excludable

What are some ways that individuals, actors in society, or states try to solve collective action problems?

offering selective incentives, coercion, federalism, creating privileged groups

While infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.) is generally considered to be a _____ good, toll roads are an example of a _____ good

public; club

A collective action problem occurs whenever the best course of action for the _____________ does not align with __________________ interests.

public; individual

The failure to provide ______ goods like infrastructure, security, and public health is often a sign of state _______

public; weakness

A state is a ______ political unit that monopolizes the _________ use of force

sovereign; legitimate

requirements for statehood

sovereignty, control over territory, population, borders

Who is most likely to step in a solve a collective action problem of public goods provision

state

Sovereignty is primarily defined as the ability of

states to carry out actions or policies within a territory independent of external actors or internal rivals.

Politics is defined as the

struggle in any group for the power to make decisions for the larger group.

Purchasing power parity is a way to measure

the buying power of income across countries.

The rapid settlement and development of Brazil's interior in the eighteenth century occurred due to

the discovery of gold and diamonds.

Markets can best be defined as

the interactions between the forces of supply and demand.

Government can be defined as

the leadership that runs the state