PSY 1001 Final Exam

Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Omar is paid $1.00 for every 5 calls he makes, while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells. Omar is paid on a ________ schedule while Patrick is paid on a ________ schedule. Select one: a. fixed ratio; variable ratio b. fixed ratio; fixed interval c. variable ratio; fixed ratio d. fixed ratio; variable interval

a. fixed ratio; variable ratio

As described in the lecture, people tend to see the diversity in the members of the _____ but overestimate the homogeneity of the _____ . Select one: a. ingroup ... outgroup b. minority ... majority Incorrect c. majority.. . minority d. outgroup... ingroup

a. ingroup ... outgroup

Approximately what percentage of the general population will experience schizophrenia? Select one: a. less than 1% b. 25% c. 10% d. 3%

a. less than 1%

The name for the electrical current that passes along the axon and produces the release of neurotransmitters is ____________. Select one: a. nerve impulse b. resting potential c. the reflex d. excitation

a. nerve impulse

According to our lecturer, the quickness with which someone can think of the characteristics associated with stereotypes (when prompted) is ___________________________. Select one: a. not correlated with prejudice b. highly correlated with prejudice c. a function of age and level of education d. a function of personality traits such as agreeableness and openness

a. not correlated with prejudice

Prejudice is _______? Select one: a. negative behaviors toward members of an out-group b. the drawing of negative conclusions about a person, group of people or situation prior to evaluating the evidence. c. a belief--positive or negative-about the characteristics of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group. d. the assumption that behaviors among individual members of a group are due to their internal dispositions.

b. the drawing of negative conclusions about a person, group of people or situation prior to evaluating the evidence.

The "Flynn effect" refers to Select one: a. the finding that IQ scores have stayed the same over the last decade. b. the finding that IQ scores have steadily increased over the last decade. c. the finding that IQ scores have steadily decreased over the last decade. d. the finding that IQ scores are negatively correlated with education levels

b. the finding that IQ scores have steadily increased over the last decade.

Which of the following is NOT one of the main attachment styles? Select one: a. Secure b. Anxious c. Depressed d. Avoidant

c. Depressed

Harry the cat has learned that begging for food leads to getting treats. This is an real life example of _________________. Select one: a. Pavlov's Law of Continguity b. Watson's Law of Reinforcement c. Bandura's Principle of Observational Learning d. Thorndike's Law of Effect

d. Thorndike's Law of Effect

When you look out your window, you see your neighbor walking towards you. Her image on your retina becomes "bigger," but you know that she is not actually growing bigger as she walks towards you. In your mind, she remains constant due to _____________. Select one: a. lightness constancy b. color constancy c. shape constancy d. size constancy

d. size constancy

Researchers studying the effects of sleep deprivation tested the physical coordination skills of 25-year-old males who had been sleep deprived for either 24, 36, or 48 hours. In this study, the dependent variable would be _______________. Select one: a. the age of the research participants b. the physical coordination skills of the men in the study c. the length of time the participants had been sleep deprived d. the type of physical coordination task the researchers use

b. the physical coordination skills of the men in the study

Sensitization can be viewed as an evolutionary adaptation that keeps humans safer because ______________________. Select one: a. It allows people to stop paying attention to stimuli that are harmless. b. it allows people to detect when a stimulus has changed. c. it energizes an escape response to one-time dangerous stimuli. d. it allows people to become increasingly aware of potentially dangerous stimuli.

c or d

When an excitatory signal reaches a neuron, the resting voltage of ____________ becomes ________________. Select one: a. +60 millivolts (or +70 mv, it depends) becomes more positive b. +60 millivolts (or +70 mv, it depends) becomes less positive c. -60 millivolts (or -70 mv, it depends) becomes less negative d. -60 millivolts (or -70 mv, it depends) becomes more negative

c. -60 millivolts (or -70 mv, it depends) becomes less negative

The Big Five model of personality is considered real because Select one: a. it describes individual human behavior at a deep level and manages to capture the uniqueness of each person. Incorrect b. Traits such as achievement motivation and need for affiliation can predict behavior. c. scores on traits are very stable over time and from different perspectives. d. genes appear to determine the different traits.

c. scores on traits are very stable over time and from different perspectives.

The form of memory that sustains sensations long enough for identification is known as __________________ memory. Select one: a. semantic b. short-term c. sensory d. working

c. sensory

Gianna was coming home from work and could not help but notice the young woman who seemed to be driving in a reckless manner. She immediately wondered if the girl was in an emergency or if something important was going on to make her drive like that. Gianna just made aNo.... Select one: a. internal attribution. b. dispositional attribution. c. situational attribution. d. impression attribution.

c. situational attribution.

The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to ______________________. Select one: a. a just noticeable difference b. a superimposed stimulus c. subliminal perception d. a false alarm

c. subliminal perception

When the hypothalamus receives signals of fear, the sympathetic nervous system activates ____________________ which secretes the stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Select one: a. the amygdala b. the hippocampus c. the adrenal gland d. nucleus accumbens

c. the adrenal gland

Bernie has made a career of stealing older peoples retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. Bernie explains he has done nothing wrong-if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest their money in his phony schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. Bernie's behavior and attitude are typical of someone with _____ personality disorder. Select one: a.Antisocial b.Independent c.Borderline d.Entrepreneurial

a. antisocial

If you were born with only rods in your retina, no cones, which of the following would be most difficult for you? Select one: a. discriminating colors b. adapting to a darkened movie theatre c. seeing movement with your peripheral vision d. dating a vampire.

a. discriminating colors

John loves feeding cattle, and he whistles while he works. The cattle are so accustomed to this routine, that as soon as they hear John whistling, they all run to the food trough. In this example, John's whistling is: Select one: a. a discriminative stimulus b. a positive reinforcer c. a secondary reinforcer d. A negative reinforcer e. a unconditioned stimulus

a. discriminative stimulus

As discussed in lecture, the neurotransmitter released by rewarding stimuli is ________________. Select one: a. dopamine b. GABA c. norepinephrine d. DCS

a. dopamine

Richard seems to vacillate between periods of extreme productivity and periods of deep depression. During his productive periods he sleeps little, feels good, and he talks a lot and very quickly. Another way to describe Richards productive periods might be: a. Manic episodes b. Bipolar disorder Incorrect c. Depressive episodes d. ADHD e. Manic depressive disorder

a. manic episodes

An American accustomed to eating meals in a standard sequence of appetizers, salad, entree and dessert may be confused when trying to order a meal at an Italian restaurant where the menu contains l'antipasto, il primo, il secondo, il contorno and il dolce. The diner's confusion is caused by his or her unconscious knowledge structure or mental model , or ______________, of the sequence of a meal. Select one: a. schema b. syllogism c. algorithm d. heuristic

a. schema

You and your group have had four weeks to complete a group project for your economics class. You are now four days away from the due date, and you and one other group member have been putting in all of the time and effort. The other two members come occasionally to group meetings and do the minimal work required. The behavior of the two slackers in this unfortunate situation is called ___________. Select one: a. prosocial loafing b. social loafing. c. altruism d. the bystander effect

b. social loafing

Ta-Nehisi was walking back to his dorm after studying until midnight. When a car slowed down and began to trail him, he began to feel fear. He broke into a sweat and began to breath faster. His heart began to pound. He quickened his pace and thought of a different, safer route home. According to Dr Gewirtz's definition, in this incident, the autonomic aspect of Ta-Nehisi's emotional response was _______________________________. Select one: a. quickening his pace b. sweating, shortness of breath and his pounding heart. c. feeling fear d. finding a different, safer route home

b. sweating, shortness of breath and his pounding heart.

The thalamus... Select one: a. is the relay station to which sensory information goes first for most senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste.) b. conveys signals between the brain and the body. c. plays a key role in arousal. d. is involved in emotion and motivation.

a. is the relay station to which sensory information goes first for most senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste.)

The psychoanalytic perspective proposed that unconscious thought processes and early childhood experiences are important determinants of peoples behavior. Which psychologist is most closely associated with this perspective? Select one: a. Sigmund Freud b. John Watson c. Jean Piaget d. William James

a. Sigmund Freud

What is the corpus callosum? Select one: a. The corpus callosum shares information between the two halves of the cerebral cortex. b. The corpus callosum is a cord of fibrous muscle that binds the two hemispheres together. c. The corpus callosum causes a vegetative state when severed accidentally. d. The corpus callosum is the boundary between the brainstem and the reticular activating system.

a. The corpus callosum shares information between the two halves of the cerebral cortex.

As explained in lectures, factor analysis is Select one: a. a statistical approach to determining how many concepts are measured by a set of questions. b. a methodology that allows one to separate environmental influences from genetic or biological ones. c. an index of the relationship between two variables. d. the idea that all important characteristics will be encoded in language.

a. a statistical approach to determining how many concepts are measured by a set of questions.

The sales clerks at Nordstroms found Anna's behavior very odd. She wandered through the designer dress section, muttering to herself. She was dressed in a dirty vintage prom dress and a tiara, but she hadn't bathed or combed her hair recently. On her bare arms she had carefully pasted slips of paper that she had cut from a magazine; the words and pictures on these slips of paper seemed to hold meaning for her. A clinical psychologist might consider Anna's behavior--disorganized thinking, hearing voices--as positive symptom of _______________. Select one: a. schizophrenia. b. borderline personality disorder c. bipolar disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

a. schizophrenia.

Seth is using visualization to imagine himself throwing pitches for strikes when he plays baseball. The ability to recognize that he is constructing these images rather than recalling them from an actual game in which he played results from accurate Select one: a. source monitoring. b. sensory memory. c. encoding d. memory detection.

a. source monitoring.

A police department uses lie-detector tests in criminal investigation. While scores on the lie-detector test are fairly consistent over time, judges and lawyers in court question whether the scores provided by the police department can be used to determine guilt in criminal cases. In this case, the judges and lawyers are questioning whether lie-detector results are _________________. Select one: a. valid. b. illusory. c. biased. d. reliable.

a. valid

In classical conditioning, the conditioned response is always Select one: a. whatever the conditioned stimulus produces as a result of training. b. whatever the conditioned stimulus produces prior to training. c. stronger than the unconditioned response. d. similar to the unconditioned response.

a. whatever the conditioned stimulus produces as a result of training.

When comparing the effect of culture on the likelihood of making the Fundamental Attribution Error, which of the following is true? Select one: a. Individuals from a Individualistic culture such as the United States are significantly less likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error. b. Individuals from a Collectivist culture such as India are less likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error. c. Individuals from a Collectivist culture such as India are significantly more likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error. d. Members of Collectivist and Individualistic cultures make the Fundamental Attribution Error at the same rate, about 40%.

b. Individuals from a Collectivist culture such as India are less likely to make the Fundamental Attribution Error.

Which of the following is true of the classic Robber's Cave study by Sherif and Sherif (1967)? Select one: a. It demonstrated that in-group and out-group bias are a function of obedience to outside authority. b. It demonstrated that when the in-group and out-group mentality are formed, prejudice and hostility are likely to follow c. It showed that conformity does not differ for males and females. d. It demonstrated that groups that are allowed to freely compete for resources will form stronger bonds

b. It demonstrated that when the in-group and out-group mentality are formed, prejudice and hostility are likely to follow

Akosua is talking to her advisor about her career goals. An excellent and hard-working student with particular ability in the biological sciences, Akosua is interested in how drugs can be used to help individuals with severe mental disorders (such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or various anxiety disorders) function in daily life. Given her interests and abilities, obtaining which of the following degrees seems best for Akosua? a. Ph.D. b. M.D. c. M.SW. d. Psy.D.

b. M.D.

Omar is talking to his advisor about his career goals. Thoughtful, socially concerned and responsible, Omar is interested in doing therapy and would like to work in an institutional setting (a hospital or government setting). But he doesn't want to spend five or six years doing graduate school. A good option for Omar would be to pursue which of the following degrees? Select one: a. Psy.D. b. M.SW. c. M.D. d. Ph.D.

b. M.SW.

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and a phobic disorder? Select one: a. Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in men and phobic disorder is more common in women. b. Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. c. Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men. d. Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

b. Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

After classically conditioning some response, how might one produce extinction of the response? Select one: a. Repeatedly present the UCS alone, without the CS. b. Repeatedly present the CS alone, without the UCS. c. Allow for the passage of time without any further training. d. Punish any responses.

b. Repeatedly present the CS alone, without the UCS.

The discussion on the topic of facilitated communication demonstrated the importance of which critical component of critical thinking? Select one: a. Replication of earlier research findings b. Ruling out rival hypotheses c. Developing falsifiable hypotheses d. Parsimonious theories

b. Ruling out rival hypotheses

Which of the following would be a symptom of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)? Select one: a. Spending 60% of your waking hours worrying about the small things in life. b. Spending more than an hour a day washing your hands, showering, and cleaning money. c. firmly believing that your coworkers have tapped your phone in a plot to get you fired. d. Fear of a situation that is greatly out of proportion to its actual threat.

b. Spending more than an hour a day washing your hands, showering, and cleaning money.

What did Harlow's research demonstrate about infants' attachment to their mothers? Select one: a. They are based on food supply. b. They are based on comfort and touch. c. They are genetically programmed. d. They rarely occur naturally.

b. They are based on comfort and touch.

The goal of psychoanalysis is: Select one: a. To use hypnotism to cure psychological disorders b. To give the patient insight into their unconscious processes c. To reduce the individual's catastrophic thinking d. To provide unconditional positive regard for the client

b. To give the patient insight into their unconscious processes

Damage to Wernicke's area is likely to affect which of the following? Select one: a. ability to read b. ability to comprehend speech c. ability to identify where objects are d. ability to produce speech

b. ability to comprehend speech

Which neurotransmitter has NOT been linked to depression? Select one: a. norepinephrine b. acetylcholine c. dopamine d. serotonin

b. acetylcholine

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands is called the ________ nervous system. Select one: a. somatic b. autonomic c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic

b. autonomic

A flawed scientist uses all of the following when thinking about the behavior of others EXCEPT _____? Select one: a. consensus b. conformity c. consistency d. distinctiveness

b. conformity

Which of the following is the correct sequence of information flow within the neuron? Select one: a. dendrites to synapse to axon b. dendrites to soma to axon. c. axon to soma to dendrites. d. glia to dendrites to axon.

b. dendrites to soma to axon.

James claims that he can read minds, but he refuses to tell anyone what he has learned so there is no way to test whether his claim is true or false. Which of the six principles of scientific thinking best describes this situation? Select one: a. Occam's razor b. Falsifiability c. Ruling out rival hypotheses d. Correlation versus Causation

b. falsifiability

Rosemary, a college professor, has not been able to give up her overhead projector and transparencies even though her classroom has equipment that will support computer-generated projected images. Her inability to change how she teaches might be an example of a/an ________ Select one: a. heuristic. b. mental set. c. algorithm. d. analogy

b. mental set.

The ________ heuristic is one that involves judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype. Select one: a. availability b. representativeness c. confirmation d. hindsight

b. representativeness

Alan (an inexperienced pool player) and Ben (an experienced player) were playing a game of pool at the local bar. A group of girls came over to watch them. Based on what Social Psychologists have learned about "social facilitation" you would predict that ______________ with other people watching them. Select one: a. both Alan and Ben's performance will improve b. both Alan and Ben's performance will get worse c. Alan's performance will get worse and Ben's performance will improve d. Alan's performance will improve and Ben's performance will get worse

c. Alan's performance will get worse and Ben's performance will improve

When searching for differences between these two scenes, which of the following statements best describes how participants from the United States (an Individualistic culture) responded? Select one: a. American students paid more attention to spatial orientation, objects and context. b. American students preferred to solve the problem independently. c. American students focused on objects that they associated with airports such as windows, doors, and landing gear. d. American students spotted differences more quickly than Japanese students.

c. American students focused on objects that they associated with airports such as windows, doors, and landing gear.

Clive Wearing moved to a home in the country. Over time, he learned where the kitchen was. However, if a visitor asked him where the kitchen was, he would respond that he didn't know. But if the visitor asked him for a cup of tea, Mr Wearing would go to the kitchen to get the tea pot. Mr. Wearing's ability to "do" but not "know" illustrates the difference between which two kinds of memory: Select one: a. Episodic and semantic memory b. Echoic and iconic memory c. Explicit and implicit memory d. Explicit memory and working memory

c. Explicit and implicit memory

You are standing on the street and a person asks you for directions. Then they ask you to walk them part of the way. The next thing you know you have walked them all the way to their destination. This is an example of which persuasion technique? Select one: a. Door in the face technique b. cognitive dissonance technique c. Foot in the door technique d. cold calling

c. Foot in the door technique

The form of memory that holds information long enough for you to pay attention is Select one: a. Explicit Memory b. Sensory memory. c. Short term memory d. Procedural Memory

c. Short term memory ?

Among the primary functions of attachment is that the attachment figure serves as a "safe haven." To what does this term refer? Select one: a. The child does not wander away from his attachment figure. b. The attachment figure provides shelter and food. c. The attachment figure provides comfort. d. The attachment figure allows the child to explore his or her environment more confidently.

c. The attachment figure provides comfort.

Laura answered a series of written questions that asked about her attitudes and opinions on a number of current issues. The method of data collection that was being used in this case was ______________________. Select one: a. direct observation b. archival research c. a questionnaire d. a standardized psychological test

c. a questionnaire

Three-year old children think Barney the purple and green singing dinosaur is real. By the time they are eight, they have come to regard Barney as something for babies. Now they understand that dinosaurs existed long ago; they can accurately enumerate the different characteristics of Triceratops, Apatosaurus and Tyrannosaurus. Thus, somewhere between three and eight, children have modified their mental models of the world to fit their new knowledge in the process Piaget calls _________________. Select one: a. conservation b. assimilation c. accommodation d. centration

c. accommodation

Random assignment is an important component of an experiment because it _______________________. Select one: a. ensures that the dependent variable is the only variable manipulated in the study. b. avoids the perception of a statistical association between two variables where no exists. c. cancels out preexisting differences between groups. d. ensures that every person in a population has an equal chance of participating.

c. cancels out preexisting differences between groups.

When an individual's attitudes do not match up with his/her behaviors, ________ is likely to occur. Select one: a. compliance b. discrimination c. cognitive dissonance d. prejudice

c. cognitive dissonance

Zimbardo concluded from his Stanford prison study that after prisoners and guards had been assigned roles that deemphasized their individuality, they adopted their designated roles more easily than anyone might have imagined as a consequence of ______________. Select one: a. influence b. conformity c. deindividuation d. obedience

c. deindividuation

Tania believes that the CIA is trying to control her thoughts. She has put aluminum foil over the windows of her room to block the rays that she believes the CIA is beaming into her brain. Tania's fixed false belief is known as a ___________. Select one: a. compulsion b. obsession c. delusion d. hallucination

c. delusion

The diathesis-stress model proposes that people develop mental disorders __________________________. Select one: a. as a result of a genetic predisposition. b. as a result of adverse life circumstances. c. due to interacting biological vulnerability and environmental factors. d.when a certain threshold of interacting environmental factors is reached.

c. due to interacting biological vulnerability and environmental factors.

According to the cognitive model of depression, one's negative beliefs develop as the result of Select one: a. excessive levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain b. deficient levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain c. experiences of loss, failure, and rejection d. the loss of positive reinforcement

c. experiences of loss, failure, and rejection

As described in lecture, an IAPS picture of a snake attacking you would likely be rated as: Select one: a. high on the arousal dimension, high on the pleasure (valence) dimension. b. low on the arousal dimension, high on the pleasure (valence) dimension. c. high on the arousal dimension, low on the pleasure (valence) dimension. d. low on the arousal dimension, low on the pleasure (valence) dimension.

c. high on the arousal dimension, low on the pleasure (valence) dimension.

Major changes in sleep patterns, weight level, and a loss of interest in pleasurable activities are symptoms of __________________. a. social anxiety b. schizophrenia c. major depressive disorder d. agoraphobia.

c. major depressive disorder

According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis __________________. Select one: a. the number of words a language has for a concept will not affect how the concept is perceived for the users of the language. b. the number of words a language has for a concept is not related to the concepts importance to the users of the language. c. the number of words a language has for a concept is an indication of the concepts importance to the users of the language. d. the number of words a language has for a concept will not affect how the concept is remembered for the users of the language.

c. the number of words a language has for a concept is an indication of the concepts importance to the users of the language.

Paul Ekman, who has conducted a number of studies of facial expressions associated with emotions, found that across cultures... Select one: a. expression of the same emotion varies b. that there are too many different emotions to identify c. there are six or seven fundamental emotions that most everyone agrees on d. on can identify three primary motive systems

c. there are six or seven fundamental emotions that most everyone agrees on

What should a psychologist test to determine whether a given child is in the concrete-operations stage or the formal-operations stage? Select one: a. whether the child can distinguish between appearance and reality b. whether the child reaches around a barrier to retrieve a hidden toy c. whether the child can answer abstract and hypothetical questions d. whether the child understands that an object maintains its weight and volume after its shape changes

c. whether the child can answer abstract and hypothetical questions

Which of the following behaviors would be classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a. Margaret believes that she is the daughter of the President of the United States. b. Rick hears voices commenting on his every action. c. Gerald exhibits disorganized speech when he explains that "people have called me here to kill me, to electrocute me for the sins I've done. I'm so scared that the picture has a headache." d. Ari lacks interest in just about all things--friendship, work, hobbies, dating--and he isn't bothered by the fact that he isn't working and has no goals.

d. Ari lacks interest in just about all things--friendship, work, hobbies, dating--and he isn't bothered by the fact that he isn't working and has no goals.

Which of the following best illustrates the Bystander Effect? Select one: a. Clio checked Facebook while her group members wrote up the group project in discussion section. b. Melpomene is polite to those who know her personally, but under cover of anonymity, she began trolling the internet as "hOsTiLe!!" c. Thalia was willing to administer what she thought were lethal shocks to a stranger because some guy in a while coat told her to do it. d. Cadence didn't offer to help the crying child because lots of other people were around

d. Cadence didn't offer to help the crying child because lots of other people were around

A study in 1999 found that children who slept with the lights on were more likely to have myopia as adults. Therefore, the researcher concluded that sleeping in a well-lighted room leads to myopia. This study was later found to be flawed because researchers discovered that parents who have myopia were more likely to leave on the lights in their children's bedrooms. Which of the principles of scientific thinking applies in this case? Select one: a. Falsifiability b. Occam's razor c. Extraordinary claims d. Correlation is not causation

d. Correlation is not causation

The research question, "What is the impact of the parental education on brain development?" would be of particular interest to a _____________________________________. Select one: a. Personality Psychologist b. Biological Psychologist c. Health Psychologist d. Developmental Psychologist

d. Developmental Psychologist

As described in lecture, which of the following questions would be most interesting to Kurt Lewin and the other psychologists who practiced action research? Select one: a. How does personality influence motivation? b. What effect do attachment styles have on adult romantic relationships? c. What is the best treatment for people who suffer from OCD? d. How can people be persuaded to donate more to the war effort?

d. How can people be persuaded to donate more to the war effort?

Which of the following researchers work was the most influential in shaping our understanding of conformity? Select one: a. Hans Eysenck b. Muzafer Sherif c. Martin Seligman d. Solomon Asch

d. Solomon Asch

A researcher hides the baby's toy under a cloth in location A as the baby watches. The baby finds it easily. The researcher again hides the toy as the baby watches, again in location A. The baby finds it easily. Then the researcher hides the toy under a cloth in location B. Although the baby saw the toy hidden in location B, the baby still looks in location A. This cognitive error is claimed to demonstrate ____________? Select one: a. The child is egocentric. b. The child has developed "theory of mind" c. The baby lacks cognitive flexibility. d. The child has not yet fully developed object permanence.

d. The child has not yet fully developed object permanence.

Riding his bicycle, Rob loved how the world smelled. The freshly cut grass, the scent of flowers, the slight asphalt odor on a hot day...all these odors were being converted from chemical molecules into neural information by receptors in Rob's nose in the process known as _________. Select one: a. Signal detection b. Sensation c. Perception d. Transduction

d. Transduction

You have been told that the average height of Psy 1001 students is 5'7". But the only Psy 1001 student you know personally is Alan who is 6'5" tall. Thus you assume the average height of Psy 1001 students must be wrong. What lesson from statistics have you failed to remember? Select one: a. "birds of a feather flock together" b. "correlation does not equal causation" c. Be careful making inferences about individuals based on their group membership. d. You can't make inferences about groups based on an individual observation.

d. You can't make inferences about groups based on an individual observation.

Big John decides to cook ribs, and he is following the recipe step by step to get the perfect meal. However, after thawing the meat, preheating the oven, and making the sauce, he realizes he does not have enough chili powder for the rub (i.e., to coat all the ribs). Big John stops cooking and decides he cannot make ribs because he can't complete the recipe. What type of thinking/problem solving is he using? Select one: a. bottom-up processing b. top-down processing c. functional fixedness d. an algorithm

d. an algorithm

The largest and most complex part of the human brain is the ____________. Select one: a. limbic system b. medulla c. cerebellum d. cerebrum

d. cerebrum

Alice is sitting at the table with her son Nikko. She takes his tall glass of milk, which is only half full, and pours it into a shorter wider glass. Then she says "Honey, which glass has more milk?" Nikko immediately points to the taller glass, as he is chewing his peanut butter sandwich. Nikko has not yet mastered Piaget's skill of ________. Select one: a. centration b. egocentrism c. object permanence d. conservation

d. conservation

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional discomfort or __________. Select one: a. disfunction b. deviance c. danger d. distress

d. distress

JB Watson trained sweet Little Albert to fear his pet rat by making a loud thunderclap noise just after Albert saw the rat. At first, when he heard the loud thunderclap, Albert would cry in alarm. Eventually, when seeing the rat, Albert would cry in fear. In this example, the conditioned response was: Select one: a. the loud thunderclap. b. alarm at the loud thunderclap. c. the rat. d. fear at the pet rat.

d. fear at the pet rat

One of the key themes in Milgram's paradigm is the ________ the psychological distance between the teacher/participant and the experimenter, the ________ the obedience. Select one: a. greater; greater b. less; greater c. less; less d. greater; less

d. greater; less

Feeling insects crawling on your skin (when none are really there) or hearing voices (when no one is around or no one is talking to you) would be examples of what symptom of schizophrenia? a. Compulsions b. Obsessions c. Delusions d. Hallucinations

d. hallucinations

On a IQ test, you are given the following verbal analogy: "puppy is to dog as kitten is to ______." To answer this item correctly, you need to infer a general rule based on the relationship between the specific words, "puppy" and "dog." Then you will apply this rule to "kitten" to obtain the correct answer ("cat".) This item--which goes from specific examples to general rule--requires which kind of reasoning? Select one: a. means-end analysis b. heuristic reasoning c. deductive reasoning d. inductive reasoning

d. inductive reasoning

As your exam in Psy 1001 approaches, you have a nagging sense that you need to study for it to avoid getting a bad grade. You begin to review your notes. You complete the learning objectives. You spend more and more time preparing for the upcoming exam. By studying more you remove your anxiety that you will get a bad grade on your exam. A behavioral psychologist would observe that your studying behavior has been conditioned through _____________________. Select one: a. positive punishment b. negative punishment c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement

d. negative reinforcement

Someone who comes from a culture that uses Analytical thinking is more likely to ____________________. Select one: a. pay attention to both the central figure and the context when looking at a scene. b. emphasize their duties and obligations. c. look for how he or she is like other people. d. pay attention to just the central figure in a scene.

d. pay attention to just the central figure in a scene.

Jordan and her friends are in the front row for a rock concert. During the concert, the lead singer moves all around the stage but Jordan continues to perceive him as the same height even though the image received in her eye and brain constantly changes. This illustrates which type of perceptual constancy? Select one: a. Color constancy b. Location constancy c. Shape constancy d. Size constancy

d. size constancy

A social psychologist might use the old saying, "I wept because I had no shoes until I met a man who had no feet" to illustrate _______________. Select one: a. altruism b. social facilitation c. the bystander effect d. social comparison theory

d. social comparison theory

In personality psychology, the Person-Situation debate refers to Select one: a. disagreements over the specific personality traits that are expressed in different situations b. the argument whether the heritability of personality traits is due to shared environments or unshared environments c. those that believe personality is best described by a nomothetic approach and those that believe it is best described by an idiographic approach d. the argument between those that believe personality is innate and those that believe that personality is a result of the situations in which people find themselves

d. the argument between those that believe personality is innate and those that believe that personality is a result of the situations in which people find themselves

Scientists attempt to minimize confirmation bias through ____________________. Select one: a. the criteria of parsimony. b. naturalistic observation. c. the criteria of falsifiability. d. the experimental method.

d. the experimental method.

According to our lecturer, the area of the brain involved in the four "F"s--feeding, flight, fighting, and reproductive behavior--is _______________________. Select one: a. the medulla b. the thalamus c. the hippocampus d. the hypothalamus

d. the hypothalamus

What does it mean to say that intelligence is a theoretical construct? Select one: a. Researchers cannot agree on a definition of intelligence. b. People who are intelligent are better able to understand and use abstract ideas. c. Intelligence is not a thing that can be observed; it is inferred from observable differences in behavior. d. Intelligence is not especially practical except at predicting success or failure in school.

not a