PSY 1001: Intro Psychology Module 23 Quiz

Which of the following is an example of a biological constraint on conditioning?

An animal's unique characteristics and natural behavior patterns can influence what it is capable of learning.

A five-year-old girl observes a stranger in a store pretending to discipline a stuffed dog. When the stranger moves on to the next aisle, the girl picks up another stuffed animal and does the same thing. Her behavior is similar to findings in studies conducted by:

Bandura

Ray drank too much tequila last night. He spent much of this morning vomiting and nauseated. According to the principles of classical conditioning, how will Ray likely react today when he tastes or smells the tequila bottle that he drank out of last night?

He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive.

In a study conducted by Singer et al. (2004) that utilized an fMRI, the pain imagined by an empathic romantic partner triggered some of the same brain activity experienced by the loved one actually having the pain. This study demonstrated that empathy is a function of:

Mirror neurons

To determine if watching television violence and playing violent video games CAUSE children to act more aggressively, which of the following research studies would you conduct?

Randomly assign some children to play violent video games and some children to play educational video games and then measure aggressive behaviors.

Ricky has had his driver's license for less than a year. Ricky absolutely loves driving any car. His love of driving gave him the idea of getting a job delivering pizza 25 hours a week. After having the job for 6 months one can predict that:

Ricky's love of driving would decrease.

How does the cognitive view of classical conditioning differ from the traditional behavioral perspective?

The cognitive view holds that learning, including classical conditioning, cannot take place in the absence of reinforcement.

Ted is a mildly autistic adult who has difficulty empathizing with the feelings of others and inferring what emotions another person might be experiencing. Some theorists would speculate that this is because Ted has:

a broken mirror neuron system

Road construction prevents Binit from getting to campus using the route that he always travels. He thinks about the situation for a moment and then comes up with a different route to take. To figure out this alternative route, Binit is using his _____ of the area to devise a different route.

cognitive map

Studies have shown that exposure to violence also _________________ viewers when later viewing violent scenes on television.

desensitizes

Caroline loves to read and enjoys looking up the meanings of words she does not know. In school, her teacher promises a gold star to students each time they learn a new word. The teacher's behavior is most likely to undermine:

intrinsic motivation.

Researchers often find it more challenging to train dolphins rather than dogs, even though dolphins are smarter. One of the reasons for this difficulty is that dolphins have _____ shared evolutionary heritage with humans than dogs, so they condition to stimuli that is different than what will affect dogs and humans.

less

Children with autism have difficulty learning from observing others, a deficit that is believed to be due to impaired ______.

mirror neurons

Johnny is "hammering" the nail in with his toy hammer as his father is hammering the deck boards. His behavior is a clear example of:

modeling

It is well known that the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) have a culture in their living groups, as they pass on skills to one another across generations. This is done through _____.

observational learning

Tina is a 7-year-old girl who frequently witnesses her father's anger and physically abusive acts toward her mother. In her room she is playing with her toys and begins to yell at them and hit them for "being so stupid and not having dinner ready." Her behavior is a clear example of:

observational learning.

In experiments with rats in which rewards were not given to the rats for exploring a maze, experimenters later included rewards after several trials. When rewards were given upon reaching the end of the maze, the time needed to complete the maze decreased immediately. This caused researchers to conclude that:

reinforcement is not necessary for learning to occur.

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote:

survival

Coyotes who have been fed sheep carcasses that have been laced with a nausea-inducing poison are less likely to prey on sheep in the wild. This phenomenon is best explained by which classical conditioning phenomenon?

taste aversion

Ever since she ate a chicken salad sandwich that had been sitting in the sun all day and vomited all over her boyfriend, Ashley becomes nauseated at the smell or taste of chicken salad. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is _____ and the conditioned response is _____.

the smell or taste of chicken salad; nausea

Seven-year-old Mark likes to watch Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles every day after school. When the program is finished, he meets his friends in his back yard and they playfully drop kick each other over and over. This eventually leads to real fighting between the children. This is an example of the:

violence-viewing effect